Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen H. Edwards, Virginia Tech; Zhiyi Li, Virginia Tech/Department of Computer Science

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

. Instead textual recognition or encouragement feedback according to thevariable-interval schedule were sent to these students. This ensures that even students not earningboosters still periodically see reinforcing messages about working productively to improve theirskills (but not too frequently). This confirms the design achieves our first design principle,ensuring the feedback was visible to students.Figure 1 reflects the proportion of students who won different numbers of boosters across all oftheir submissions on a single assignment. As mentioned, 38% of students earned no boosters,with 41% of students win a single tier1 booster( first major) across all of their submissions, and24% earning tier 2 boosters(second major). The stacked bars in

Conference Session

ECE Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Branimir Pejcinovic, Portland State University; Phillip Wong, Portland State University; Robert Bass, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

into a summaryreport, which can be used to detect if a team is becoming dysfunctional, when there is still thepossibility of making corrective structural or behavioral changes. After the project is over,students are required to do a final peer evaluation, which the instructor may use to make gradingdecisions based on each person’s participation and contribution. Self-reflection and the ability towrite thoughtful evaluations are skills that we expect our students to learn and practice.TrelloOne project management scheme that our ECE curriculum has adopted is the kanban board. Itoriginates from the Kanban system, which is a scheduling method developed by a Japaneseautomotive company in the 1950s to improve manufacturing efficiency. In its

Conference Session

Making an Impact: Building Support with Data and Design

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Figueiredo, University of Waterloo; Angela Henshilwood, University of Toronto; Michelle Spence, University of Toronto; Mindy Thuna, University of Toronto; Siu Hong Yu, University of Waterloo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

work.Often, these researchers are working on solving very practical and very pressing social,environmental, or infrastructural problems, and government policy or decisions can be directedby their research. The benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration are reflected in CSCE’s recentstrategic directions, such as leading sustainable infrastructure [14]. Such goals depend oncollaboration with other associations, including the Canadian Association on Water Quality(CAWQ) and the International Society for Environmental Information Sciences (ISEIS) [15]. Bypooling resources, expertise and experience, researchers are more adept at tackling large-scale,interdisciplinary problems, such as sustainability or universal design. However, working

Conference Session

Faculty Development Medley

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan M. Cruz, Virginia Tech; Cynthia Hampton, Virginia Tech; Stephanie G. Adams, Old Dominion University; Niyousha Hosseinichimeh

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Constituent Committee

adoption of RBIS, iscalled instructional change [4]. Facilitating instructional change in engineering educationrequires a different approach, one that understands academia as a complex system [5] and usessystems thinking to understand how everything is connected to everything else [6] instead of thetraditional approach that is based only on faculty reflection and intuition drawn from theirteaching experiences [2]Academia is a complex system, and as such, it does not have isolated drivers or root causes thatare individually capable of generating change [6]. Instead, multiple interactions and feedbackloops exist that reinforce or balance decisions, motivators, and actions of agents in the system[7]. Academia is a system with strong historical roots

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Focusing on Student Success

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa Lee Tinnell, University of Louisville; Campbell R. Bego, University of Louisville; Patricia A. Ralston, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

,yet, it is clear the model is applicable among many disciplines. Part 1 of the model specifies thefive-core components of interdisciplinary collaboration: 1) interdependence, 2) newly createdprofessional activities, 3) flexibility, 4) collective ownership of goals, and 5) reflection on theprocess [17]. Part 2 outlines the influences on interdisciplinary collaboration: professional role,structural characteristics, personal characteristics, and a history of collaboration [17]. Figure 1describes Bronstein’s [17] model and serves as the framework for the remainder of this paper. Professional Role Structural Characterisics - Holding values and ethics specific to each - Manageable

Conference Session

Online Programs and Program Assessment

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Wesley Odom, Purdue University; Hillary E. Merzdorf, Purdue University; Francisco J. Montalvo, Purdue University; Jason Marion Davis

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

give feedback and guide students towards higher learning, or they may be with peers in “jointdialogues” [20, p. 82] where two or more students co-construct learning by reflecting on the other’sperspective. The active-constructive-interactive taxonomy classifies pedagogies through their taskfeatures, the activities which learners do, and the cognitive processes they use. The three levels ofactivity describe how engaged students are with a task, depending on expectations of behavior,dialogue, and producing outputs. Another model of student engagement was proposed by Smith and colleagues [11] calledthe pedagogies of engagement model. This model is based on interactions among teams or groupsof students, and it describes the dynamics of

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George J. Delagrammatikas, Cooper Union; Estuardo Rodas, Cooper Union

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

them the upper hand with industry recruiters.Competitions sanctioned by SAE International (formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers)generally occur at the end of the school year (May/June), thereby making the summer months acritical time for student teams to reflect on their previous designs and to start proposinginnovations for the subsequent season. The Formula SAE (FSAE) team at The Cooper Union inNew York City has used this time to immerse high school students in this real-world activity intheir college’s summer STEM program.This 6-week intensive summer program is separated into two main modules. The first modulefocuses on teaching students the fundamentals of engineering experimentation that culminate inoral presentations detailing

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Integrating Computing into the First Year

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shelley Lorimer, Grant MacEwan University; Jeffrey A. Davis, Grant MacEwan University; Olivia Tronchin, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

) beacon mode and iii) remote mode, which utilize functions to make use of the sensor. This sensor was easily connected to MATLAB and programs written to utilize it. The functions associated with this sensor are straightforward and should be easy for first-year engineering students to use with practice.”  “The ultrasonic sensor has two modes: i) presence mode and ii) measure mode. It would be possible to collect data and write the data to files for later analysis. This sensor was easily connected to MATLAB and programs could be written to utilize it. This sensor also makes use of functions that are straightforward for use in our programming course.”  “The color sensor has three modes: i) color mode, ii) reflected

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faisal Aqlan, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; Heather C. Lum, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; Lisa Jo Elliott, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; Richard Zhao, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor.References[1] Schraw, G., and Dennison, R. S., (1994) ‘Assessing metacognitive awareness’, Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19(4), 460-475.[2] Conrady, K., (2015) ‘Modeling metacognition: Making thing visible in a content course for teachers’, REDIMAT, 4(2), 132- 160.[3] Pintrich, P. R., (2002) ‘The role of metacognitive knowledge in learning, teaching, and assessment’, Theory into Practice, 41(4), 219-225.[4] Martinez, M. E. (2006). ‘What is metacognition?’ Phi Delta Kappan, 696-699.[5] Schoenfeld, A., (2007) ‘What is mathematical proficiency and how can it be assessed?, In A. Schoenfeld (Ed.), Assessing Mathematical Proficiency, 53, 59-73. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.[6] Safari, Y

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natasha Andrade, University of Maryland, College Park; David Tomblin, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

. Creating new courses and adding modules toexisting ones can be extremely valuable interventions. However, making socio-technical thinkingan integral part of existing technical courses is also a necessary approach to reduce theperception that “social” issues are not equally valued in the engineering 1,2. The efficacy of suchefforts has not been widely tested. This paper builds on our analysis of an effort to incorporate socio-technical systemsthinking into a required civil and environmental engineering sophomore level course to testwhether such interventions effectively bridge the socio-technical divide in engineeringcurriculum 3. Our previous study found that class activities spurred more reflection on socialfactors that influence

Conference Session

Big Picture Questions in BME

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole L. Ramo, University of Michigan; Aileen Huang-Saad, University of Michigan; Barry Belmont, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

discussed by Harmon in 1975 [2], [6]. Research Questions Student perceptions are equally as important as organizational definitions when seekingto cultivate a shared understanding of the field; as students of BME, they will become the nextpractitioners of BME. Cheville’s assertion above also suggests that student definitions mayindicate how the perceptions held by educators are reflected in their philosophy and teachingapproach [10]. Understanding how students see a field also has important implications forrecruitment and retention (e.g., students may be less likely to persist in a degree program if theirperception of the field is grossly different than that being promoted by the department).However, student perceptions of BME have

Conference Session

Liberal Education Division Technical Session Session 10

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna K. Garner, Old Dominion University; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Melissa G. Kuhn, Old Dominion University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

undergraduate engineering students perform in an ambassador role. From this point, ourprimary strategy was to conduct an online search of university websites of ABET accreditedengineering programs. This search yielded information about 102 ambassador-type outreachprograms2. The points of contact for all of the programs were then sent an invitation to completea short survey describing the focus, composition, and core features of their program (AppendixA). Thirty programs reflecting universities in the north, mid-Atlantic, south, mid-west, south-west and north-west of the United States responded to this survey. From this group,representatives of 18 programs attended either one of two in-person workshops or an online1 Please contact Dr. Joanna K

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 7: Learning and Research in Makerspaces

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wendy Roldan, University of Washington; Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

to support engineering students in reflecting on experience, how to help engineering educators make effective teach- ing decisions, and the application of ideas from complexity science to the challenges of engineering education. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 WIP: Practice-Facing Equity Bifocals for University Makerspaces[I’m thinking about... ] Nasir’s work on achieving equity throughdiversity, “successful learning contexts also attend to students’ need fora sense of belonging and identification” through the organization of thepractice itself and the social interactions that occur [1]. How was thiscontext not a place where this student felt he could ask which machine hecould

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Work in Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carol S. Gattis, University of Arkansas; Xochitl Delgado Solorzano, University of Arkansas; Don Nix, University of Arkansas; Jennie S. Popp Ph.D., University of Arkansas ; Michele Cleary, Cleary Scientific Intelligence, LLC; Wenjuo Lo, University of Arkansas; Bryan Hill, University of Arkansas; Paul D. Adams, University of Arkansas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Dr. Wen-Juo Lo is an Associate Professor in the Educational Statistics and Research Methodology (ESRM) program at the University of Arkansas. His research interests involve methodological issues related to analyses with a focus on psychometric methods. The recent research agenda concentrates statis- tical methods for the detection of bias in psychological measurement, especially measurement invariance on latent factor models. In addition, he also conducts research to develop effective latent variable model and instrument that reflects the factors of college students’ retention.Dr. Bryan Hill, University of Arkansas c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joan B. Schuman, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

approaches for improvement with these numbers wouldbe for me to share examples of badge usage in industry and demonstrate how students could usethe badges in job searches.Lessons Learned to dateAfter one semester of badge awards, a list of lessons learned is as follows: 1. When using Canvas LMS, badges are automatically awarded through Modules, so some set up was required. 2. Badge design should reflect accepted university logos and have approval through the marketing department. 3. If multiple badges will be awarded from one institution or class, creating a common framework with accepted logos on the design would more efficient. 4. Measurable criteria for receiving

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 22: Perspectives and Evaluation of Engineering Design Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hadi Ali, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Micah Lande, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

research and theoryhas devoted too little attention to the study of problem-solving processes.” In PBL, prototypingactivities should help students become more reflective on their design. Lande (2017) suggestedthat scaffolded activities in prototyping support “self-regulated learning by offloading feedbackfrom the instructor to students’ evaluation of their own prototype in the context of iterativefeedback from a user.” In this pilot, exploratory study, the research question we try to address is:What are design educators’ conceptions of prototyping in design courses? Understanding theseconceptions represents a first step to transform design teaching by employing scaffoldedprototyping.Research methodIn this exploratory study, three faculty members

Conference Session

Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sergey Nersesov, Villanova University; Zuyi Huang, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

International

4 2019 ASEE Annual Conferencelectures); 3) these modules can be used as a reference later in life; 4) videos were a good way tolecture MATLAB functions/commands. The major negative comments from students include: 1)certain lectures were too condensed for a completely effective learning experience; 2) studentsdidn’t have motivation to finish all the modules (as supplemental materials of their courses); 3)instructors should give more directions to students on when and which modules students shouldfinish. The positive comments are in line with the survey results for Questions 1-3 and 5, whilethe negative feedbacks are reflected in the survey result for Question 4. In the futureimplementation of the MATLAB

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Stephanie Cutler, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Joseph C. Tise, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

grammar, punctuation, and usage. Adownside is that the assignments do not reflect well what the students experience asprofessionals because not only is the scope of the documents defined by the students (rather thanby a manager) but also the students receive little feedback on the technical accuracy of thecontent. Another common model, often used sequentially with the first, is that engineeringstudents learn technical writing through a writing-intensive design or laboratory course. In thismodel, while the students experience writing assignments more closely aligned with what theyexperience as professionals, the instruction on writing in larger such courses is often limited toonly a few class periods [5]. Moreover, students in larger courses often

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhenhua Wu, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

thread and digital twin are demonstrated. In the future, we willcontinue to build the laboratorial tools and environment for digital twin, and then integrate andevaluate these tools in the Manufacturing Engineering curriculum.AcknowledgementThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.1818655. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this materialare those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation. 4Reference1 Devarshi Shah, Jin Wang, Q. Peter He, Austin Hancock, Anthony Skjellum

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey A. LaMack, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Fennigkoh P.E., Milwaukee School of Engineering; Paul Licato, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

sequence. In addition, design instructors will be asked to ratestudents’ abilities to apply standards appropriately to their respective design projects. Allassessments will be given to two cohorts of students who took the introductory course withoutthe standards module and the first two cohorts participating in the module. It is hypothesized thatall performance measures will increase for the cohorts taking part in the module experience,reflecting a positive effect of introducing first-term engineering students to a hands-on projectincorporating real medical device standards.[1] W. Kelly, “Standards in civil engineering design education,” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, vol. 134, no. 1, pp. 59-66, 2008.[2

Conference Session

Work-In-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell William Buccalo, Bucknell University; Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Behaviors that are transcribed and coded have beendeemed likely behaviors while composing a technical report based upon literature search [6], [7].The ability for this method to capture the ability of a student to express certain behaviors in thecognitive writing process while also leaving room to evaluate activities that have not beenpreviously valued as important during the process allows for this portion of the study to build upquantitative and qualitative data. Groups of students who have taken ENGR 248 and groups ofstudents who have not will be graded on a rubric of cognitive writing processes to see whichbehaviors reflect previous dedicated technical communication training. Similarly, a students finalproduct can be assessed on a rubric of

Conference Session

Graduate Student Writing and Communication

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy M. Clobes, University of Virginia; Lindsay Wheeler, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

withthree components: 1) hands-on training seminars, 2) communication challenges putting thetraining into practice on video and for audiences reflective of the professions discussed in theprogram, and 3) mentorship by a non-program institutional STEM alumnus/a. This paper will present the program design and research results from the first year. Usinga mixed methods approach, we sought to examine the extent to which graduate students’perceptions of communication confidence and awareness of STEM career opportunitiesimproved over the course of the program. We also aimed to measure their communication skillsto different audiences and obtain feedback on the most impactful program components. Dataincluded pre/post-surveys, focus groups, and

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher Shehadi, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

and air-conditioning systemsof the building [2]. The world equipment demand for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning(HVAC) has increased from 50 billion US dollars in 2004 to more than 90 billion US dollars in2014 and for the US from almost 11 billion to 19 billion US dollars over the same period [3]. Areduction in the HVAC energy consumption load would reflect a significant reduction in the totalenergy consumed.In this paper, the improvement in refrigeration efficiency and COP were analytically investigatedby looking into a shaded condenser as compared to unshaded units. Thermodynamic equilibriumand energy conservation equations were used to estimate changes in the condenser temperatures.MethodologyThe study assumed that the difference

Conference Session

Innovation and Fun in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Audra N. Morse P.E., Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

campus wide inpromoting creative thinking among students.Table 1. AAC&U VALUE Rubric for Creative Thinking [28] Sub area 1 Benchmark 2 3 4 Capstone Acquiring Successfully Successfully adapts an Creates entirely new Reflect: evaluates creativecompetencies reproduces appropriate exemplar to object, solution or process and product using appropriate own specifications idea appropriate to domain-appropriate criteria exemplar the domain Taking risks Stays strictly within Considers new Incorporates new Actively seeks out and

Conference Session

New Developments in ECE

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seyed Mousavinezhad, Idaho State University; Ed Tatar Ph.D., Idaho State University; Cheryl Xu, North Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

)]where V0+ is incident voltage and V0- is reflected voltage. At the source location z = -ℓ and theinput impedance seen by the source is given by:Zin = Z0 [ ZL + Z0 tanh(γℓ) ] / [ Z0 + ZL tanh(γℓ) ] Ωwhere tanh(γℓ) = [exp(γℓ) – exp(-γℓ)]/[ exp(γℓ) + exp(-γℓ] and ΓL = (ZL – Z0)/( ZL + Z0)=V0-/V0+Students at this point see the mathematical complexity of the EM problem. The followingnumerical example helps students compute input impedance and complex power delivered to theload by using a software package.We next present a MATHCAD example for computation of complex power absorbed by a loadimpedance ZL = 100 + j50 Ω, connected to a voltage source vs(t) = 20.28 cos (ωt) V with sourceresistance Rs = 20 Ω and frequency of f = 75 MHz. The

Conference Session

PCEE Resource Exchange

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Colin Dixon, Concord Consortium; Corey T. Schimpf, The Concord Consoritum; Sherry Hsi, Concord Consortium

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Foundation under Grant No. IIS-1735836. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions orrecommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect theviews of the National Science Foundation.

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 14: Thinking about the Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lena B. Gumaelius, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Anette Kolmos, Aalborg University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

and Lucas [15]. The study will be exploratory and the intervieweeswill be asked to give their personal perceptions of how they see the phenomenon and alsoregarding how and why they have developed those viewpoints.One week before the interview, the interviewees will receive the interview protocol, includingthe questions and short texts presenting the three contemporary challenges the informants aresupposed to reflect upon. The following questions will form the basis for the interview. 1. How do you think these challenges affect the development of your discipline and the educational program(s) you are involved in? 2. What do you expect the situation to be 10 years from now? 3. How do you prepare your students for the future with

Conference Session

A Technology Potpourri II

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert A. Chin, East Carolina University; Ranjeet Agarwala, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

1999 and later. This was not always apparent; frequently, and depending on whatwas being analyzed, analysis was conducted using several years of data and the findings werereported in a given year, even though there may not be data available that year. As an example,with citations per document, or the average number of times documents published in a journal inthe past two, three and four years have been cited in the current year are reported, while theremay not have been coverage in a given year, results will still be reported in years in which theremay not have been coverage. Conversely, the proportion (%) of international collaboration isreported on an annual basis. If there are no data, it will be reflected in any graphical product aszero.Of

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Samaniego, United States Air Force; Martin Span III, United States Air Force

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Student

to reflect their new priorities.Evaluation: Following the synthesis and analysis tasks, students must use the requirements andpriorities they determined in order to utilize effective study habits. This is known as theevaluation phase. In the synthesis phase, it became apparent that time was a major constraint.Due to this students must be aware of the fact that they should only take on activities and workthey believe they will be able to effectively complete. Taking on too much will not only leadto a decrease in performance across all of the tasks but will also lead to added unnecessarystress. For these reasons, it is vital to the success of the student to create a plan that takes inimportant system requirements and prioritizes work to

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chrysanthe Demetry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Elizabeth Long Lingo, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

tone of the reform and interactions among the parties involved. A summary of thistimeline is presented in Table 1. We also gathered information and analyzed the composition ofeach committee during each academic year of the promotion reform process: the number ofmembers by gender, rank, and type of appointment (tenure-track or non-tenure track). Thesedemographic dimensions reflect underlying power differentials among institutional members andmay also reflect a variety of professional interests and strengths.Step 2. Inductively generating categories and micro-processes. We then analyzed our casestudy data to identify key categories of action and interaction within the reform process. We paidclose attention to how these actions and interactions