Conference Session

Reception & Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Scott Grenquist, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Roger G. Hadgraft, RMIT University

Tagged Topics

ASEE International Forum

, PhD is Innovation Professor in Engineering Education in the School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at RMIT University. He is a civil engineer with 20 years involvement in leading change in engineering education, with a particular focus on problem/project-based learning (PBL), at RMIT, Monash and Melbourne Universities. Roger is an ALTC Discipline Scholar in Engineering and ICT, having co-developed the draft national academic standards for the discipline. He is currently Program Director for the Bachelor of Sustainable Systems Engineering and also works on curriculum issues across the College of Science, Engineering and Health at RMIT. He is a passionate advocate of national and international

Conference Session

Track 1 - Session II - Student Development

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Edward J. Berger, University of Virginia; Reid Bailey, University of Virginia

Tagged Topics

Student Development

Paper ID #8335Designing Short-Term Study Abroad Engineering Experiences to AchieveGlobal CompetenciesDr. Edward J. Berger, University of Virginia Edward Berger is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Virginia, and he is also currently the Associate Dean for the Undergraduate Program. He does technical research in the area of dynamic friction, the mechanics of built-up structures, and tribology, with his educational research focused on technology-based interventions and pedagogies for sophomore mechanics courses. He has created and delivered study

Conference Session

Track 3 - Session I - Faculty Development

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Reginald Vachon P.E., American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Robert O. Warrington Jr., Michigan Technological University; Robert D. Kersten, University of Central Florida

Tagged Topics

Invited - Faculty Development

Leadership and Innovation, which houses the highly interdisciplinary and innovative Enterprise program, the High School Enterprise program and the Pavlis Institute for Global Technological Leadership at Michigan Technological University. Dr. War- rington was Dean of the College of Engineering from 1996 to 2007 and was the founder and Director of the Institute for Micromanufacturing at Louisiana Tech University. Before joining Michigan Tech in 1996, he received his BS degree in Aerospace Engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, his MS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Texas at El Paso and his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Montana State University. Dr. Warrington served in the US Army for two

Conference Session

Knowing our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tershia Pinder-Grover, University of Michigan; Chris Groscurth, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

heterogeneous disciplinary representation(i.e., aerospace engineering, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, industrial andoperations engineering, and mechanical engineering). In addition, the two female EGSMs wereplaced in the same group to ensure inclusion and participation. The two focus groups were audiorecorded to ensure accuracy of the transcription, each lasted between 60 and 75 minutes. Tofurther incent participation the EGSMs were provided lunch.We made the decision to conduct focus group interviews because they provide severaladvantages over individual interviews. First, they allow participants to examine and share theirinitial thoughts on a topic (e.g., teaching Millennials) in the context of others of equal powerstatus. In addition

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Syed Masud Mahmud, Wayne State University; Cheng-Zhong Xu, Wayne State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

programs.During the summer of 2009 we ran an REU program in Telematics and Cyber Physical Systems(TCPS). This was the first year of our 3-year REU program. Telematics is the blending ofcomputers and communication in automotive systems for automatic roadside assistance, remotediagnosis, and other vehicle information services. A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a systemfeaturing a tight combination of, and coordination between, the system’s computational andphysical elements. Applications for cyber-physical systems can be found in health care (assistedliving, bionics, wearable devices, …), transportation and automotive networks, aerospace andavionics, automated manufacturing, blackout-free electricity generation and distribution,optimization of energy

Conference Session

Workshop, Program, and Toolkit Results

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Allen Estes; Ronald Welch

ExCEEd Teaching Workshop (ETW) is the direct descendent of the T4E workshop,Teaching Teachers To Teach Engineering1. T4E was funded through the National ScienceFoundation (NSF) for three years and was provided at the United States Military Academy(USMA) for engineering professors, such as civil, mechanical, aerospace, electrical, chemical,etc., with less than four years of teaching experience. T4E was such a huge success that ASCEdecided to continue the program under the ExCEEd Teaching Workshop moniker with onecaveat: the program was offered only to civil engineering professors with less than four years ofteaching experience. To date, there have been thirteen offerings of ETW: 1999- 2004 at USMA

Conference Session

Engaging Upper Level Classes

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Ronald Welch

ModelsAll of these concepts and techniques are presented, demonstrated, and discussed during theExCEEd (Excellence in Civil Engineering Education) Teaching Workshop (ETW). ETW is thedirect descendent of the T4E workshop, Teaching Teachers To Teach Engineering3. T4E wasfunded through the National Science Foundation (NSF) for three years and was provided atUSMA for engineering professors with less than four years of teaching experience, i.e., civil,mechanical, aerospace, electrical, chemical, etc. T4E was such a huge success that ASCEdecided to continue the program under the ExCEEd Teaching Workshop moniker with onecaveat: the program was offered only to civil engineering professors with less than four years ofteaching experience. The most critical

Conference Session

Math and K-12-Freshman Transitions

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Jerome Lavelle; Richard Keltie

EducationBiographical Information:JEROME P. LAVELLE, Ph.D., is Assistant Dean of Academic Affairs in the College of Engineering and AssociateProfessor in the Department of Industrial Engineering at North Carolina State University. Dr. Lavelle is a member ofIIE and ASEE and has been past national division director of the ASEE Engineering Economy and EngineeringManagement divisions.RICHARD F. KELTIE, Ph.D., did his undergraduate and graduate study at NC State University and received thePh.D. degree in 1978. He has been on the faculty at NCSU since 1981, and he is currently Professor of Mechanicaland Aerospace Engineering and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in the College of Engineering at NC StateUniversity. He is a member of the Acoustical Society of

Conference Session

K-12 Outreach Initiatives

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Richards

” Session 2530Appendix I: Submersible Vehicles - Under PressureWhat features of this ETK did you like? • Its similarity to the skills needed re: aircraft/aerospace design • Hands on and visual • Experimental method of learning • Tactile and iterative nature of the design • Creative ways of getting the basics across o Straw project – Super! • Materials were not too expensive and easily accessible – disregarding the tank • Kids excited about the end product of the project • Diversity of designs • Specific SOL linkage • Very concept / problem based it would definitely catch a kid's interest. The engineering design process worksheets would really lead students through the work of engineers

Conference Session

Educational Opportunities in Engr. Abroad

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

D. Joseph Mook

aerospace materials industrial electrical chemical

Conference Session

Introduction to Engineering Courses

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Thomas Fuja; Stephen Batill; Jay Brockman

Collection

2022 CIEC

Authors

Marilyn Dyrud

Conference Session

Track 2: Technical Session 5: Understanding Decision Processes Related to Pathways of Community College Engineering Students

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Rene Alberto Hernandez, Virginia Tech; David B Knight, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Amy Richardson, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Sarah Rodriguez, Virginia Tech; Bevlee A. Watford, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

% Latino/Hispanic 4 36% Two or more races 2 18% White 3 27%Degree Discipline Accounting 1 9% Aeronautical/Aerospace 2 18% Engineering Civil Engineering 1 9% Computer Science 2 18% Integrated Engineering 1 9

Collection

2022 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Annual Conference

Authors

Peter N. Knox, State University of New York at Binghamton; Sawsan Werfelli, Binghamton University; Amber Simpson, State University of New York at Binghamton

States. The National Academies Press.[6] Cunningham, C. M., & Carlsen, W. S. (2014). Teaching engineering practices. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 25(2), 197-210.[7] Lachapelle, C., Oh, Y., & Cunningham, C. (2017). Effectiveness of an engineering curriculum intervention for elementary school: Moderating roles of student background characteristics. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. San Antonio, TX.[8] English, L. D., & King, D. T. (2015). STEM learning through engineering design: Fourth- grade students’ investigations in aerospace. International Journal of STEM Education, 2(1), 1-18.[9] Cunningham, C., & Lachapelle, C. (2014). Designing engineering

Collection

2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Mohammed Ferdjallah, Marshall University; Asad Salem; Yousef Sardahi, Marshall University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

aerofoils. This is crucial for designing and fine-tuning various aerospace andmechanical systems, where the precise control of aerodynamic forces is of paramount importance.In a classroom setting, the AF100 enables engaging demonstrations on the performance of anaerofoil with a flap. Students can investigate the size and shape of custom-designed blades. Thishands-on experience enhances their understanding of complex aerodynamic principles and instillsa deeper appreciation for the intricacies of wind energy technologies. The AF100 subsonic windtunnel is not merely a piece of equipment; it is a gateway to a world of research, innovation, andeducation. Its capabilities span from the analysis of wind turbine blades to fundamentalaerodynamic studies

Collection

2024 PNW Section Annual Meeting

Authors

Douglas S. Cairns; Roberta Amendola; Dilpreet Bajwa; Cambrie Monfort; Jared Nelson; Cecily Ryan

knows who to talk to, and how to talk to aerospace industry primecontractors for technology transfer. Several venture capitalists and angel investors haveexpressed interest in technology developed at MSU, and we are committed to commercializework from MSU. We have high support from the MSU Technology Transfer Office. Our strategyis threefold: 1) Get DOD Aircraft Prime Contractors interested in the technologies developed at MSU, such that materials suppliers have to respond with a product. (This is the most desirable case since it makes a business case for investment.) 2) Engage directly with DOD Materials and Structures suppliers. We are currently working with the three largest advanced composite materials companies in the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cary David Troy, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rebecca R Essig, Purdue University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Josh Boyd, Purdue University; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

director of undergraduate studies in the Brian Lamb School of Com- munication.Natascha Michele Trellinger, Purdue University, West Lafayette Natascha Trellinger is a first year PhD student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue Univer- sity. She received her BS in aerospace engineering from Syracuse University. At Purdue, Natascha is a part of the Global Engineering Education Collaboratory (GEEC) and is interested in global teaching and learning at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Page 24.1406.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mario Simoni, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; William D. Schindel, ICTT System Sciences; Xiaoyan Mu, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Dan Moore, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Wayne T. Padgett, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and founding of three commercial systems-based enterprises. He has consulted on improvement of engineering processes within automotive, medical/health care, manufacturing, telecommunications, aerospace, and consumer products businesses. Schindel earned the BS and MS in Mathematics.Dr. Xiaoyan Mu, Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyDr. Dan Moore, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dan Moore is a professor in the electrical and computer engineering Department at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. He received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from N. C. State University in 1989 in the area of compound semiconductor growth and device fabrication. He joined the faculty at Rose-Hulman

Conference Session

Socio-cultural Elements of Learning through Service

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; William Joseph Frey, Univ. Puerto Rico - Mayaguez; Marcel J. Castro-Sitiriche, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez; Joann M. Rodriguez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Jeffrey Santiago, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Tyrone Medina, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez; Ricardo Maldonado; Cristina Rivera-Vélez, GREAT IDEA; Davis Chacon-Hurtado, University of Connecticut; Pablo Jose Acevedo, UPRM

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Maldonado was born and raised in Puerto Rico. He graduated from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayag¨uez where he obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering. During the summer of 2010, Ricardo interned at Argonne National Laboratory in Chicago, IL where he developed a wind energy assessment project for Puerto Rico. He is currently pursuing a Master’s Degree in Power Electronics from the aforementioned university while working for an aerospace company (Raytheon Co.) in Arizona as an Electrical Engineer Circuit Designer. Ricardo has a couple of publications in the IEEE, his most recent publication, ”Simulation, Design, Hardware Implementation, and Control of a 9-level Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter with

Conference Session

The Nature of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Session 4

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William A. Kline, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; William D. Schindel, ICTT System Sciences

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, telecommunications, aerospace, and consumer products businesses. Schindel earned the BS and MS in Mathematics. Page 24.1230.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 The Innovation Competencies – Implications for Educating the Engineer of the FutureAbstractInnovation is rapidly emerging as a critical competency for all types of organizations to ensurefuture success and prosperity. It is often included among the top strategic priorities for corporateleaders. This increased attention continues a trend of the last several years that highlights theimportance of

Conference Session

CPD Technical Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Maria-Isabel Carnasciali, University of New Haven; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Jenna L. Gorlewicz, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville; Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Morgan M. Hynes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Shawn S. Jordan, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Nadia N. Kellam, University of Georgia; Micah Lande, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Matthew A. Verleger, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach; Dazhi Yang, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

-Isabel Carnasciali, University of New Haven Maria-Isabel Camasciali is Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Tagliatela School of En- gineering, University of New Haven, CT. She obtained her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Tech in 2008. She received her Bachelors of Engineering from MIT in 2000. Current engineering educa- tion research focuses on understanding the nontraditional student experiences, motivations, and identity development. Other research interests involve validation of CFD models for aerospace applications as well as optimizing efficiency of thermal-fluid systems.Dr. Shanna R. Daly, University of MichiganDr. Jenna L Gorlewicz, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Jenna L

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine L. Cohan, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Alexander C. Yin, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Amy L. Freeman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Javier Gomez-Calderon, Penn State University; Janice M. Margle P.E., Pennsylvania State University, Abington; Jill L. Lane, Clayton State University; Dhushy Sathianathan, California State University, Long Beach; Renata S. Engel P.E., Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

semesters. The four required corecourses are Calculus I (Math 140), Calculus II (Math 141), General Physics of Mechanics (Phys211), Chemical Principles I (Chem 110), and in the case of computer science majors,Intermediate Programming (CmpSc 122) rather than chemistry. In the second semester of thesophomore year, undergraduates complete the Entrance-to-Major (ETM) process whereby theyformally apply to a specific Engineering major in the College of Engineering (e.g., aerospace,mechanical). Their overall grade point average after three semesters determines their eligibilityfor an engineering major. Students may use the spring semester of their sophomore year tocomplete the four required Entrance-to-Major courses.The minimum GPA for Entrance-to-Major

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Youyi Bi, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University; Tahira N. Reid, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #9667Understanding Students’ Process for Solving Engineering Problems UsingEye Gaze DataYouyi Bi, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University Youyi Bi is a doctoral student in the School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University. He obtained his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering and M.S. in Aerospace Manufacturing Engineering both from Beihang University, China. His research interest include decision-making and optimization in mechanical design, ergonomics and computer graphics.Tahira N Reid, Purdue University, West Lafayette Dr. Tahira N. Reid is currently an Assistant Professor in the School of

Conference Session

Delivery Methods in Mechanical Engineering Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David J. Dimas, The University of California, Irvine; Faryar Jabbari, University of California, Irvine; Jia Frydenberg, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

50and 350.The courses in this study include one lower division required class and two upper divisionelective courses. The lower division class is Dynamics which is a required class in the Civil,Mechanical and Aerospace engineering undergraduate degree programs. Since this course islower division and is required in three degree programs within the school of engineering, thecourse typically has very high enrollments (300-350) and often fills up due to a lack of availableseats in the physical classroom. The course covers kinetics and dynamics of particles and rigidbodies using Newton-Euler, Work/Energy, and Impulse/Momentum methods. The secondcourse in the study is Vibrations which is an elective course in both Mechanical and AerospaceEngineering

Conference Session

Panel: Opportunities & Methods to Encourage More Women Toward Research Commercialization

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Babs Carryer, National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (NCIIA); Mary Raber, Michigan Technological University; Abby Thompson, Mississippi State University ; Louise C. Dunlap, DunlapBrowder

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation, Women in Engineering

ranging from 10 to 80 students on each team) formed around selectedtechnology thrusts (e.g., aerospace, wireless, hybrid vehicle, human health). Most team projectsare supported by industry financing, although other financing mechanisms are also in place, suchas research funding. Teams typically have multiple projects ongoing at any given time andproject work can and often does carry over from year to year. Each Enterprise team has one ormore faculty advisors who guide and mentor the team and grade the performance of teammembers. Teams are run like small companies and teams select student leaders to serve as CEO,VPs (operations, finance, marketing), and project leaders

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Persistence

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Valle, Georgia Institute of Technology; John D. Leonard II, Georgia Institute of Technology; Ann Marie Blasick, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

-year degree. Is the reason that most students take 5 years to graduate due to their involvement in significant and valuable extra-curricular activities, such as the co-op program, internships, study or work abroad? Or is it primarily due to their struggle in coursework, i.e. having to repeat courses multiple times to pass and complete their degrees; or, to switching majors multiple times while still remaining in engineering (for example, switching from aerospace engineering to industrial engineering, whose curricula differ quite a bit after the freshman year)?2. Do the analysis results differ appreciably if the student is female or male?In this paper, we will study retention and student behavior semester by semester, rather than

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries (ELD) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sara M. Samuel, University of Michigan; Natsuko Hayashi Nicholls, University of Michigan; Leena N Lalwani, University of Michigan; David S. Carter, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor; Paul F. Grochowski, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

librarian for the departments of electrical engineering and computer science; and the video game archivist at the University of Michigan.Mr. Paul F. Grochowski, University of Michigan Paul Grochowski is an associate librarian at the University of Michigan’s Art, Architecture & Engineer- ing Library. He is liaison to the Aerospace Engineering, IOE, Mechanical Engineering, and Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences departments. Page 23.1109.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Students, Vendor Platforms, and E-textbooks: Using E-books as

Conference Session

Thermal Sciences

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Georg Pingen, Union University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Paper ID #6995Team-Based Learning and Screencasts in the Undergraduate Thermal-FluidSciences CurriculumDr. Georg Pingen, Union University Georg Pingen is an Assistant Professor in the Engineering Department at Union University in Jackson, TN. He teaches courses across the Mechanical Engineering curriculum with a focus on thermal-fluid- sciences. His research interests are in the areas of computational fluid dynamics, topology optimization, and engineering education. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Colorado in aerospace engineer- ing sciences

Conference Session

Best of Computer in Education Division

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hatem M Wasfy, Advanced Science and Automation Corp.; Tamer M. Wasfy, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Riham M Mahfouz, Thomas Nelson Community College; Jeanne Peters, Advanced Science and Automation Corp.

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

-reality software systems that are marked by ASA and used by automotive and aerospace companies, government agencies, and academic institutions. Dr. Wasfy authored and co- authored over 75 peer-reviewed publications in the areas of flexible multibody dynamics, finite element modeling of solids and fluids, belt-drive dynamics, tires mechanics/dynamics, visualization of numerical simulation results, engineering applications of virtual-reality, and artificial intelligence. He received two ASME best conference paper awards as first author. Dr. Wasfy is a member of ASME, AIAA, SAE and ASEE. Dr. Wasfy received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University in 1994.Prof. Riham M Mahfouz, Thomas Nelson Community

Conference Session

Global Competency and What Makes a Successful Engineer

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kari Wold, University of Virginia; Stephanie Moore Ph.D., University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

International

, and behaviors during the role-playing simulationexercise. Ben was a 2nd-year U.S. student who lived in a rural city near Charlottesville,Virginia. He studied mechanical and aerospace engineering at UVa and had worked in theengineering field for more than 3 years. According to a survey taken before the role-playingsimulation, he is proficient in only English and reported he had no previous culturalexperience. Ben also reported a strong interest in learning about other cultures: he wasinterested in studying abroad in Germany. He agreed he enjoys role-playing simulations andstrongly agreed they are useful educational tools. Further, his survey responses indicated heenjoys playing roles that go against his beliefs. Ben’s teammates in both