Conference Session

ChemE Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David L. Silverstein, University of Kentucky; Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University; Margot A. Vigeant, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

% of schoolsresponding had one course.Course TimingThe most common timing for the first course in MEB within a program’s curriculum was at thestart of the sophomore year. The distribution of the timing of course offerings is given in Figure1 below. Table 1 reports the course timing on a historical basis. Term of First Course % of responding schools 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Second First term, Second First term, Third term term, First- Second-year term, Senior senior

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges I: Novel Approaches to Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramirez Apud Lopez Zaira, Universidad de las Américas Puebla; Nelly Ramirez-Corona, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

engineering (ChE) students developthe knowledge and skills to design and operate chemical reactors in two senior courses, the firstone entitled Kinetics and Homogeneous Reactor Design (IQ-407) and the second one Catalysisand Heterogeneous Reactor Design (IQ408). Heterogeneous reactors using solid catalyzers arethe most common reaction technology implemented on industrial scale; catalytic models are builtusing the same basic concepts that those used in homogeneous reactor design, for this reason it isindispensable that students acquire a solid knowledge from their first course of reactor design.The first course (IQ-407) is focused on the first four pillars mentioned above and its outcomesinclude that students will be able to: 1) determine reaction

Conference Session

ChemE Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua A. Enszer, University of Maryland Baltimore County; Victoria E. Goodrich, University of Notre Dame; Rachel B. Getman, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

learning.Dr. Victoria E. Goodrich, University of Notre DameDr. Rachel B. Getman, Clemson University Page 25.742.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Improvements in Computational Methods Courses in Chemical EngineeringAbstractAs more core courses in the undergraduate curriculum require significant ability using computerskills, we see a need for improved methods of instruction in computer methods courses requiredin the chemical engineering curriculum. It is important to provide students with a series ofapproaches and activities that ensure (1) that students

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges I: Novel Approaches to Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet L. de Grazia, University of Colorado, Boulder; John L. Falconer, University of Colorado, Boulder; Garret Nicodemus, University of Colorado, Boulder; Will Medlin, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

and enhancing the effect of the learning experience.1. J. Bergmann, A. Sams, The Flipped Classroom Blog, http://blendedclassroom.blogspot.com/2. J. Bergmann, A. Sams, Remixing the Chemistry Class, Learning and Leading with Technology 1, 22 - 27 (2008).3. J. Sweller, J.J.G. van Merrienboer, F.G.W.S. Paas, Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design, Ed. Psych.Rev., 10, 251-296 (1998)4. R.C. Clark, Leveraging multi-media for learning: Use instructional methods proven to align with natural learningprocesses, Adobe Systems Inc. White Paper (2007)5. R.C. Clark, R.E. Mayer, e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers andDesigners of Multimedia Learning, John Wiley and Sons, San Francisco (2011)6. D.A. Muller

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Patrick Walton, Michigan State University; Amanda Portis Malefyt, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

multiplesolutions until they have answered the question correctly, albeit with reduced credit for eachanswer after the first. In this way, the online system drives the students towards mastery learningrather than to maximizing partial credit. However, because of the nature of the online interface,there are aspects of problem solving, e.g., drawing process flow diagrams, that are not effectivelytested using the software. Thus, students were instructed to emphasize these aspects of problemsolving in the written assignments.The structure of the homework process was as follows (Figure 1). Homework from the textbookwas assigned initially and was due prior to the material being discussed in lecture. Thus, studentshad to rely on the textbook, the professor and TA

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy Q. Gardner, Colorado School of Mines; Susan E. Kowalski, Colorado School of Mines; Frank V. Kowalski, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Interactive Simulations Coupled with Real-Time Formative Assessment to Enhance Student LearningAbstract:An innovative pedagogical method of coupling interactive computer simulations (sims) withreal-time formative assessment using pen-enabled mobile technology was used to improvelearning gains in two core Chemical Engineering courses – Fluid Mechanics and ProcessDynamics and Control. Students’ understanding of concepts, calculations, etc. demonstrated bythe simulations was tested 1) with pretests before they saw the sims (PRE), 2) after independentfree play with the sims (AFP), and 3) after instructor guided play (AGP) with the sims in class.From experimenting with the sims on their own, with instructions that they were to fully

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Polly R. Piergiovanni, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Langmuirisotherm. Background information for the instructor is available in many chemicalengineering textbooks2,3 and can be presented in a simplified manner for these students.The Freundlich isotherm is introduced as an empirical model (equation (1)) where qe Page 25.853.2represents the amount of dye adsorbed at equilibrium, Ce represents the concentration ofdye in the bulk fluid at equilibrium, and k and n are parameters that depend on theadsorbate and adsorbent. 1 qe = k Ce n (1)The equation can be linearized and the temperature dependent constants k and 1/n foundby

Conference Session

New Ideas for the ChemE Core

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margot A. Vigeant, Bucknell University; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Katharyn E. K. Nottis, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

 inventory  scores  another  10  percentage  points  over  lecture  alone.    In  the  following  paper,  we  will  present  a  summary  of  each  activity  and  its  implementation,  as  well  as  further  evidence  for  the  effectiveness  of  the  approach.        Introduction    Meaningful  learning  requires  that  students  master  concepts,  not  simply  memorize  facts.    Understanding  concepts  and  the  connections  among  concepts  is  one  of  the  primary  distinctions  between  experts  and  novices  [1,  2].  Conceptual  understanding  is  also  a  prerequisite  for  transfer  of  classroom  learning  to  new  settings  [1,  2].    While  the  importance  of  conceptual  learning  is  widely  recognized,  an  extensive  body  of

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Collura, University of New Haven; W. David Harding, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

new multidisciplinary approach, students first take a broad coursebased on the conservation and accounting approach applied to mass, energy, charge andmomentum (EAS211). Chemical engineering students follow this with a course that appliesmass and energy balances to more complex systems of particular interest to chemical engineers(CM220 – Process Analysis). The table below provides a comparison of the sophomore coursesin the old and new curriculum: Table 1 – comparison of multidisciplinary curriculum to traditional curriculum Old Curriculum New Curriculum CM201 Process variables, EAS211 Introduction to

Conference Session

New Ideas for the ChemE Core

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fabiana Manzo, University of Houston (CoE); Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown; Enrique Barbieri, University of North Texas

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

m-xylene was also studied by Cheng and Luyben1 froma steady state point of view. Initially, it was verified that the original case 8 of the Cheng/Luybenstudy was the least energy consuming heat integrated column arrangement. AspenPlus was usedto perform the steady state analysis and process arrangement selection. This step of the study wasconducted by undergraduate students at the University of Houston – Downtown in partialfulfillment of the requirements of the Process Design and Operation course, ENGR 4402. Page 25.944.2The process configuration is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1: Case-8 Process Configuration in Aspen

Conference Session

Best. Class. Ever.

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University; David B. Thiessen, Washington State University; Marc Compere, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach FL; Ximena Toro; Jennifer C Adam, Washington State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Washington State University; Andrew P Easley, Washington State University; Xuesong Li P.E., Washington State University; Kevin Lee, University of Idaho; Mert Colpan, Washington State University; Kevin Tyler Gray, Washington State University; Benjamin Garrett, Washington State University; Shane Riley Reynolds, Washington State University; Paul B. Golter, Washington State University; Olusola Adesope, Washington State University, Pullman

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

model with a crop growth model to explore how projected climate change will impact water resources availability for irrigation and crop yield under various socio-economic scenarios. She teaches 3 courses: (1) a required undergraduate-level course in Water Resources Engineering in which she is researching the use of hands-on inquiry-based learning in the classroom; (2) a senior elective course in Sustainable Development in Water Resources, which ex- plores the concepts needed to understand how to more sustainability manage our limited water resources in the western US under increasing pressures, particularly climate change; (3) and a graduate-level course in Hydroclimatology, which is a primarily student-led course

Conference Session

New Ideas for the ChemE Core

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca K. Toghiani, Mississippi State University; Carlen Henington, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

American Society for Engineering Education, 2012Novel Chemical Reactors in the CHE Curriculum: An Instructional Module Page 25.982.2AbstractFor the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, chemical reactions are often carriedout in batch rather than continuous mode. Novel alternatives are the spinning disk reactor [1] andthe rotating packed bed reactor [2]. These reactors utilize high gravity to enhance mass transferin the reactor, leading to significant performance improvements over batch reactors. This modulewill provide instruction on the phenomena exploited to achieve the improvements in the reactorand its basic configuration. An overview of technology

Conference Session

Best. Class. Ever.

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priscilla J. Hill, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

, crystallization is usually neglecteddespite the fact that it is a key process for forming particles and controlling their properties. In2006, it was noted that crystallization can be incorporated into existing courses to address thelack of crystallization education13. Page 25.1020.3Course ImplementationA new course in Particle and Crystallization Technology (PACT) was taught during the Spring2007 and Spring 2009 semesters as a split level elective class. During the Spring 2007 semesterthere were 15 juniors and seniors, and 2 graduate students; and in the Spring 2009 semester therewere 21 juniors and seniors, and 1 graduate student. The graduate level

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges I: Novel Approaches to Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Hersel, Trine University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

iPad. So DYKNOW will not besupported by the university in the future. Many faculty members who have used DYKNOW are not asenthusiastic about this change, as class management software is currently missing for the Apple iPad.What was clear from the use of DYKNOW is that if technology is going to be used in the classroom,the ability of the instructor to control the content delivered is paramount for success in the classroom.For Universities that continue to have students purchase Tablet PC’s or laptop computers usingDYKNOW as a class management software, is a viable option and has proven to aid student learning. 1. Richard M. Felder, Rebecca Brent “Death by PowerPoint”, Chemical Engineering Education, 39 (1), 28-29 (2005) 2. http

Conference Session

Adaptive and Supportive Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

W. Vincent Wilding, Brigham Young University; Thomas Allen Knotts IV, Brigham Young University; William G. Pitt, Brigham Young University; Morris D. Argyle, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

leadership for the purpose of developing upper-divisionactivities, particularly in terms of curricular expectations. It has also been challenging to assessvalue added by these activities, since students come into our program with a wide variety ofleadership experience.To arrive at a working definition of leadership that would best serve our purposes, we made it afocus for our annual meeting with our Industrial Advisory Board. We asked this group ofprofessional and industrial leaders to list leadership attributes and expectations that are importantin their organizations. These were compiled and further refined to produce a list of attributes thatconstitutes our functional definition of leadership. This list is shown in Table 1. This list ofleadership

Conference Session

Best. Class. Ever.

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victor M. Ugaz, Texas A&M University; Aashish Priye, Texas A&M University ; Yassin A. Hassan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

materials (e.g.,polypropylene) used to construct the reaction tubes and plates, resulting in the need to hold thetemperature constant at each stage of the reaction for a significant period of time so that theentire reagent volume can equilibrate. As a consequence, it is not uncommon for PCR reactionsto require 1–2 hours to complete, imposing severe limitations on achievable throughput.Harnessing Natural ConvectionThermal convection has emerged as a promising alternative thermocycling approach that has thepotential to overcome these limitations2-9. Convective flows are an everyday occurrence in adiverse array of settings ranging from the Earth’satmosphere, oceans, and interior, to decorative andcolorful lava lamps. Fluid motion is initiated in

Conference Session

Adaptive and Supportive Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric C. Huang, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

1b. For the sophomore class as a whole entity (i.e., mentees plus control group A),pairwise t-tests showed the responses between assessments were different (p < 10-3), indicating Page 25.499.3that self-perceived interaction levels between sophomores and upperclassmen increased foreveryone. However, comparing mentees with control indicated that the net changes were notstatistically different between the groups. Table 1a. Self-perceived interaction levels with juniors on a 1-5 scale, with a “5” indicating high interaction. First Second

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Allen Knotts IV, Brigham Young University; W. Vincent Wilding, Brigham Young University; William G. Pitt, Brigham Young University; Morris D. Argyle, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

objectives, termed competencies, for each required course in thecurriculum. Each competency was designed to correspond to a specific Program Outcome suchthat assessment of mastery of the course competencies demonstrates achievement of the ProgramOutcomes. For several years, mastery of the competencies has been measured using surveys ofboth faculty and students. The student surveys required each pupil to assess his or her mastery ofeach competency on a scale of 1-5. Though this approach has provided a numerical evaluationof the students’ perceived abilities of each class as a whole, and has ensured minimum standardsare kept, it has proven difficult to glean opportunities for specific improvement from these data,and changes to the curriculum have been

Conference Session

New Ideas for the ChemE Core

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca K. Toghiani, Mississippi State University; Priscilla J. Hill, Mississippi State University; Carlen Henington, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

recently developed separation processes (pressureswing adsorption, pervaporation, gas permeation). Within the module, case studies are used todemonstrate the superior performance of hybrid systems coupling these conventional and morerecently developed separation processes. Page 25.169.3Overview of Separations Course at Mississippi State UniversityThe junior level separations course is taught on a traditional semester. The text used isSeparation Process Engineering: Includes Mass Transfer Analysis [20]. Topics included in thecourse are shown in Table 1.This course is taught on a 14.5 week semester, so covering the given topics is a

Conference Session

ChemE Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey R. Seay, University of Kentucky; David L. Silverstein, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

energy content per unit volume due to both differences in densityand energy content on a molecular basis. The calculation of higher heating value is incorporatedinto the module to illustrate this concept. Next, the concept of thermodynamic cycles is introduced. Most internal combustionengines used for transportation operate on either the Diesel or Otto cycle. These cycles arecovered in detail in the module and cycle efficiency and turbo charging is discussed. The effectof engine configuration on fuel economy is also presented. Page 25.180.3Figure 1. Solar basis of petroleum based and biobased liquid fuelsFigure 1. Solar basiss of petroleum

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Cooper, North Carolina State University; Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University; Steven W. Peretti, North Carolina State University; David F. Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

as students enter their junior and senior years. A drawback ofwritten assignments is the potential for plagiarism of outside materials by students. Plagiarism isproblematic from an academic perspective for two commonly-cited reasons: (1) the student(s)who plagiarize neither develop associated writing skills nor learn the intended lesson content1,and (2) students within a class where other students are plagiarizing without knowledge of theinstructor may receive comparatively poor grades even though they are learning and developingthe intended skills.Prior to word processing and the Internet, plagiarism required considerable effort: students mustfirst locate a book, article or old report, then write or type the outside text. However, in

Conference Session

Adaptive and Supportive Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie E. Sharp, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

-class training offer these reasons: 1. Students do not always take advantage of the career center for a variety of reasons. Maybe they have a heavy schedule and are pressed for time. Maybe they think they do not need the training. These doubting students often do not realize what they lack. Only after in-class training do they discover what they did not know and needed to learn. 2. Particularly in large schools, sometimes career centers cannot offer intensive training to everyone. For example, some years ago, a career center director spoke to my class and encouraged students to take advantage of the center’s mock interview training. Thinking I was being helpful, I offered extra credit for this activity. About

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard L. Zollars, Washington State University; Adam Scott Carter, Washington State University; Christopher Hundhausen, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

a better means forpromoting discussion during critiquing periods in a studio-based teaching approach. We arecurrently in the process of testing whether student skills are increased more by using the softwarewith the messaging turned on in a traditional teaching approach or by using the software with themessaging turned off but in a studio-based teaching approach.Studio-Based LearningStudio-based learning (SBL) techniques have been used in a variety of disciplines, most notablyin architectural education.1 The technique is rooted in a type of constructivist learning theorycalled sociocultural constructivism.2 The studio-based approach typically encompasses four keysteps (see Figure 1). 3 First, students are given complex and meaningful

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Kenneth J. Williamson, Oregon State University; Jeffrey A. Nason, Oregon State University; Goran Jovanovic Ph.D., Oregon State University; Chih-hung Chang, Oregon State University; Adam Z. Higgins, Oregon State University; Craig M. Gates, Oregon State University; Richard Mark Roehner, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

State University. We will provide a description of the studio approach, and analysis ofstudent perception of the first quarter of the widespread studio implementation in three classes:material balances, thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. We will also comment on theadministrative support and department culture needed for this type of curricular innovation.The foundation of the studio architecture is based on the demonstrated effectiveness of activelearning pedagogies from the physics education research community. These methods seek topromote a substantially higher level of engagement from students during in-class times. In arecent study, Deslauriers et al.1 studied the effectiveness of active learning reform pedagogiesusing a split design

Conference Session

Adaptive and Supportive Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shiran Zhavian; James P. Abulencia, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

disciplines of engineering to their students, with the goalof preparing them for the practical, real-world experiences they will encounter in theirprofessional life. Though much of the field includes anecdotes and teaching strategiesthat educators have tried and “worked”, not as much has been done to examine specialpopulations, in particular Deaf engineering students. Most of the research in this areafocuses on the interface between the Deaf student and educator. One study examines theeffect of using sign language interpreting, real-time text, and both [1]. Here, the authorsconclude that providing real-time text produced significantly higher performance fromDeaf students, and that the combination did not produce any greater benefit. Anotherpaper

Conference Session

ChemE Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University; John L. Falconer, University of Colorado, Boulder; David L. Silverstein, University of Kentucky; Ronald L. Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Page 25.1054.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Preliminary Development of the AIChE Concept WarehouseIntroductionThe AIChE Concept Warehouse is being developed with the goal of creating a community oflearning within the discipline of chemical engineering (ChE) focused on concept-basedinstruction. Many engineering educators and industry partners emphasize the need for students toapply their knowledge to new and challenging problems.1 In order to do so, our students mustlearn with understanding.2 A lack of conceptual understanding has been shown to severelyrestrict students’ ability to solve new problems, since they do not have the functionalunderstanding to use their knowledge in new

Conference Session

Best. Class. Ever.

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda S. Davis, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Deborah Lynn Grubbe P.E., Operations and Safety Solutions, LLC; Ronald Lee Cutshall Sr., R. L. Cutshall Sr., Consulting; Steven J. Swanson; Michael T. Harris, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Arvind Varma, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

assessing the effectiveness ofthe course development in educating our students in the area of process safety management. Thetimeline for the first two years of course development is given below.PSM Course SurveyName: ______________________________ (optional)(Questions 1-3 will assess your current understanding of PSM. Circle your answers.) 1. Which of the following is not an element of OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 – Process Safety Management? a. Mechanical Integrity b. Management of Change c. Safety Culture d. Employee Participation 2. What is the most compelling reason for companies to have a strong PSM process? a. They will lose money if a facility shuts down due to an incident. b. Injuries will be prevented and

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges I: Novel Approaches to Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arthur Felse, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

a catchphrase. It has become a committed part ofengineering practice. A recent survey conducted by CSC and Chemical Week magazine amongstleaders in the chemical industry showed that about half identified RC to have a positive effect ontheir business, while 75% are retooling their product development to comply with RCregulations5. A significant minority felt that RC has a negative effect on the industry (Figure 1). Retooled product development 75% efforts Increased competitive edge 50% Reduction in overall costs 33% Increased price to customers 25% Decreased competitive edge 17% Increased

Conference Session

Adaptive and Supportive Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Robert Dickson, University of Strathclyde

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

theory1 was devised by Meredith Belbin to measure the performanceof groups and identify common Team Roles; from studying over 200 teams at HenleyManagement College, UK, he observed individuals appeared to demonstrate a set ofcharacteristics consistently in a group exercise.Belbin asserts that the team roles are not equivalent to personality types, and that unlikepsychometric tests used to sort people into personality traits, the Belbin Self PerceptionInventory (SPI) scores people on how strongly they demonstrate behavioural traits commonlydisplayed in team roles. (See Table 1) A person may and often exhibits strong tendenciestowards multiple roles and typically two of these roles will feature strongly, a “primary” and“secondary” role. Equally