Conference Session

Teamwork and Student Learning in Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikolaos E. Vitoroulis Jr, Stevens Institute of Technology; Changhong Zhang; Kishore Pochiraju, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

activities. The student performance is assessed directly from the student teams’ datasubmissions and lab/design report grades, and indirectly through learning outcome surveys.Student teamwork performance is measured by a public peer-evaluation rating scheme, whichalso feeds back to the team selection process. This paper presents the activities, the instructionalmethods, assessment data for the pilot implementations, and a comparison of the studentperformance from the prior years.IntroductionThis course is the third of eight core engineering design courses that span the undergraduateeducational career, matching a model that has shown effective in developing a systems levelthinking. [1] This third-semester engineering course provides a series of

Conference Session

Making, Hacking, and Extracurricular Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria Bill, New York University, Tandon School of Engineering; Anne-Laure Fayard, New York University, Tandon School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

use the machinesand hold team design meetings in the makerspace. These teams employ collective learning,which can increase design self-efficacy, as they form their own small communities [2]. To assessdesign self-efficacy, a modified version of the instrument created by Carberry et al will bedeveloped in the future [11].References[1] Dukart, K. (2017, June), Creating Meaningful Experiences Through Extracurricular Project-Based ExperientialLearning Paper presented at 2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Columbus, Ohio.[2] Gerber, E. M., Marie Olson, J., & Komarek, R. L. (2012). Extracurricular design-based learning: Preparingstudents for careers in innovation. International Journal of Engineering Education, 28(2), 317.[3

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gail Baura, Loyola University Chicago; Vincent Chen, Loyola University Chicago; Leanne Kallemeyn, Loyola University Chicago

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Engineering with expertise in neuromodulation and rehabilitation engineering. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from National Taiwan University, and pursued a career in the tech industry while working on his gradu- ate degrees. Before joining Loyola University Chicago, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Harvard Medical School and conducted clinical research at the Neuromodulation Center of Spaulding Re- habilitation Hospital in Boston. His current research focuses on quantifying the extent of neuroplasticity induced by the application of brain and peripheral nerve stimulation.Leanne Kallemeyn, Loyola University Chicago Leanne Kallemeyn, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael M. Umbriac, University of Michigan; Amy Hortop, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Haynie, W. J. III, “Safety and Liability in the New Technology Laboratory”   Technology Teacher , v69 n3 p31­36 Nov 2009. 2.  "Safety and Health in the Technical Classroom and Laboratory: Part 1," 2013, Techniques: Connecting Education & Careers , 88:2 pp.44­47.    3. Jimenez, M., Romero, L., Dominguez, M., Espinosa, M.D.M., (5S Methodology Implementation in the Laboratories of an Industrial Engineering University School),  Safety Science  78, pp. 163­172, 2015.  4.  Forest, C.R., Moore, R.A., Jariwala, A.S., Ngo, P., Quintero, C., “The invention studio: A university maker space and culture”  Advances in Engineering Education  4 (2), 2014.   5.  Barrett, T.W. ,  Pizzico, M.C. ,  Levy, B. ,  Nagel, R.L. ,  Linsey, J.S

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University; Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

behavior Product development economics, Essay on professional Week 10 financial analysis and project planning development Essays on technological impact Week 11 Project management, MS Project and societal impacts Industry expectations, career paths, PE Report on financial model Week 12 license Week 13 Prototype development Page 26.1074.4 Week 14 Prototype development Alpha prototype

Conference Session

FPD and DEEDs Joint Postcard Sessions

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derek Breid, Saint Vincent College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education, First-Year Programs

for Engineering Science majors, and is therefore takenby students with a variety of career interests within the broad umbrella of engineering. In thespring of 2017, when the data for this paper was collected, the class enrollment was 13 students.The class met twice weekly using a regular classroom format, with an additional weekly 3-hourlab session, where students worked on a semester-long design project.As part of the course requirements, each student was individually required to research acrowdfunding project and give a brief (5-10 min) presentation to the class, during which theywere to provide some insight into the design process itself. Specifically, students were asked tofocus on the following aspects of their chosen project in their

Conference Session

DEED Postcard Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey T Schimpf, The Concord Consoritum; Rob Sleezer, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Charles Xie

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

program which may make the sample less comparable toother engineering students at similar points in their academic career. As such, we delve deeperinto the context of the study. The study happened in an upper division project-based engineeringprogram which is part of the extended campus of a medium size public university in theMidwest. The course had a total of 28 students and 17 of the 28 fully participated and consentedto the research. Each semester the students in the program are placed on vertically integratedteams, meaning first and second semester juniors (J1s and J2s) are working with seniors (S1s andS2s), and assigned a project of the scope and scale of a typical capstone project. Students earnsix credits for completing this project

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Laguette, University of California-Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2008-296: INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRY PARTNERS INTO A CAPSTONEDESIGN PROGRAMStephen Laguette, University of California-Santa Barbara Stephen Laguette received his BS, MS in Mechanical Engineering from UCLA. His career has included executive R&D management positions with a number of medical device companies. He has been responsible for the creation of complex medical devices with over fifteen US patents issued in a variety of surgical fields including General Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Urology, Neurosurgery, ENT, Voice Restoration, and Ophthalmology. As the Director of Device Research for a major ophthalmic medical device company, he directed all research activities, the

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Eduaction - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University; Ronald Earley, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

service-learningcourse must nevertheless be focused on career preparation of the college studentsas well. (Narayanan, 2004 e; Honnet & Poulsen, 1989). Furthermore it must be clearlyacceptable to the appropriate accreditation agencies. The Senior Design Project Class,which is a two semester-long course, with a total of four credit hours, can be viewed as aservice learning class, depending upon the project chosen by the select student group. Itcontains a substantial amount of education about ethics, ergonomics, economics,sociology and liberal education principles, in addition to rigorous engineering subjectmatter. The student groups are encouraged to appreciate the realities of the socio-economic impact of their chosen project. In many cases

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Zoltowski, Purdue University; William Oakes, Purdue University; Barrett Myers, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

used inEPICS.IntroductionThe importance of significant design experiences to prepare undergraduate engineering studentsfor engineering careers has been well-documented 1, 2. These experiences typically emphasizethe application of the technical skills as well as the professional skills such as communication,working as a team and customer interaction 3-5. The need for such experiences has spawnedmany innovative approaches to senior capstone design courses 6, 7 as well as design courses forunderclassmen 8-11. Most of these courses are confined to one semester or quarter and areintended to give the students an intense exposure to the design process. The model that guidedthe creation of the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS

Conference Session

Design Cognition III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leema Kuhn Berland, University of Texas, Austin; David T. Allen, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Cheryl Farmer, UTeachEngineering; Lisa Guerra, NASA Headquarters

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

strategic planning, international cooperation, cross-directorate coordination, architecture analysis, and exploration control boards. Guerra also spent three years at the Goddard Space Flight Center as Program Integration Manager for future high-energy astrophysics missions, particularly the James Webb Space Telescope. She began her career at the Johnson Space Center working for Eagle Engineering and SAIC, focused on con- ceptual design of advanced spacecraft for human missions to the moon and Mars. Guerra earned a B.S in aerospace engineering and a B.A. in English from the University of Notre Dame. She received a master’s of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas, Austin

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Cole, Northwestern University; Ann McKenna, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

computational/analyticalcourses required by this stage in the students’ career. Therefore, our findings indicate thatstudents have difficulty, regardless of the amount of exposure to technically sophisticatedanalysis, in recognizing when that knowledge would apply in a novel context such as design.As for the second point, it is important to examine the nature of the problem to determine if, infact, it would require any type of CADEX knowledge in the solution process. As would beappropriate, the level of sophistication of the design challenge did vary from first year tocapstone; however, in both cases the solutions and design decisions would require a level ofCADEX sophistication reasonable for the level of student. In other words, even though the

Conference Session

Developing the Design Skillset

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claes Fredriksson, Granta Design, Cambridge (UK); Mats Eriksson, Univeristy West; Hannah Melia, Granta Design, Ltd.

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Concurrent Engineering. Page 24.590.21. IntroductionProduct Development is important in many engineering courses and educational programmes.The Product Development Process, as applied in industry, is practiced in many different ways,depending on, for instance, product technology, company size and type of market. At University,general and systematic approaches to product development need to be covered to preparestudents for various careers in industry.The design process starts with the identification and specification of the product function1-2. Thenext step is the description of concepts, their elaboration into possible layouts, followed byrefinement

Conference Session

Best of DEED

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carl A. Reidsema PhD, The University of Queensland; Lydia Kavanagh, The University of Queensland; Lesley Jolly, Strategic Partnerships

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #9716Flipping the Classroom at Scale to Achieve Integration of Theory and Prac-tice in a First Year Engineering Design and Build CourseDr. Carl A Reidsema PhD, The University of Queensland Associate Professor Carl Reidsema, University of Queensland Associate Professor Reidsema is a me- chanical design engineer with over 12 years industry experience. Beginning his academic career at the University of New South Wales in 2001, he led the Faculty development of the first hands-on active- learning team based first year common course in engineering design ”ENGG1000 - Engineering Design and Innovation

Conference Session

DEED Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nabila A. Bousaba, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; James M. Conrad, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Claude M. Hargrove, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Valentina Cecchi, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

will be evaluated according to pre-defined rubrics as described in earlierpapers1,3 . The deliverables and rubrics used to measure team’s progress greatly impact thesuccess of the Hardware completion by keeping the team on schedule and target. Utilizingindustry-standards deliverables prepares students for future careers related to design. Table 1provides a history of team’s performance in competitions, while tables 2 and 3 show teamsperformance in class using the capstone course rubrics.Table 1: History of the UNC Charlotte IEEE team performances March 2007 March 2008 March 2009 March 2010 March 2011Theme Basketball Moon Surface Pick up trash Solar Respond in

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Guerra, NASA; David T. Allen, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Cheryl Farmer, UTeachEngineering

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

involved strategic planning, international cooperation, cross-directorate coordination, architecture analysis, and exploration control boards. Guerra also spent three years at the Goddard Space Flight Center as Program Integration Manager for future high-energy astrophysics missions, particularly the James Webb Space Telescope. She began her career at the Johnson Space Center working for Eagle Engineering and SAIC, focused on con- ceptual design of advanced spacecraft for human missions to the moon and Mars. Guerra earned a B.S in aerospace engineering and a B.A. in English from the University of Notre Dame. She received a master’s of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas, Austin.Dr. David

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ricardo G. Sanfelice, University of Arizona; Giampiero Campa, MathWorks; Manuel Abraham Robles, University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

2008, he was a Postdoc- toral Associate at the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He visited the Centre Automatique et Systemes at the Ecole de Mines de Paris for four months. He is the recipient of the National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER award, the Air Force Young Investigator Research Award (YIP), and the 2010 IEEE Control Systems Magazine Outstanding Paper Award. He was an Air Force Summer Faculty Fellow in 2010 and 2011. His research interests are in modeling, stability, robust control, observer design, and simulation of nonlinear and hybrid systems with applications to power systems, aerospace, and biology.Dr. Giampiero Campa, MathWorks

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yogesh Velankar, Purdue University; Sean Brophy, Purdue University; Masataka Okutsu, Purdue University; Daniel Delaurentis, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

this process on their own. However, the instructor may be introducing newdomain specific tools that teams can use to manage their design process and to monitor somelevel of the teams’ productivity and cohesiveness. In an engineering undergraduate curriculumthis kind of model is implemented by teaching teaming, design, problem solving and projectmanagement skills in the first year of engineering, then engaging students in design projects ofvarious scales throughout the remainder of their undergraduate career. In designing thesecourses, instructors need mechanisms to monitor teams’ progress and potentially provide Page 15.1190.2feedback on their

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa Genevieve Wojcik, Villanova University; M. Clayton, Villanova University; Aleksandra Radlinska, Villanova University; Noelle K. Comolli, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

use of impromptudesign exercises across the engineering curriculum. The paper concludes by describing a pilotstudy on impromptu design exercises being conducted by the authors.1. Mind the gapThe call for more design experience in engineering curricula draws attention to a problem indesign education that engineering educators have noted for quite some time. Traditionalengineering programs lack curricular coherence when it comes to design. Students typicallyhave design experiences during introductory coursework (or “cornerstone” courses2) as freshmenand then again later as seniors during capstone projects or seminars. Thus, design experiencescomprise disjointed bookends in students‟ college careers. Their sophomore and junior years aredevoted

Conference Session

Design Across Disciplines

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James M. Leake, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; David Weightman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

collaborate if they use different and variably compatible software platformsfor their design work. Our decision to work with Autodesk products is because the company isstriving to achieve compatibility and integrated workflows across the wide range of software intheir portfolio. Whilst it is possible to collaborate in ways not dependent on software, the realityis that the manufacturing industries that most of students will join in their future careers useCAD as the means of supporting and conducting their operations.Steps have been taken to correct this problem. Rather than expecting industrial design students tobe productive with Alias in a single semester, they can instead elect to focus on either Inventor orInventor Fusion as their primary

Conference Session

DEED Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chao Chen, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Carlos Pomalaza-Raez, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Edwin Chobot, Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Daniel B. Newby, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Renee Kathleen Chandler, Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Nusaybah Abu-Mulaweh, The Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

University, Fort WayneDaniel B Newby, Indiana University, Purdue University, Fort WayneRenee Kathleen Chandler, Purdue University, Fort Wayne Renee is a senior Computer Engineering student at Purdue University in Fort Wayne, Indiana. She is excited to graduate in May 2011 and pursue a career in firmware development and embedded systems.Ms. Nusaybah Abu-Mulaweh Page 22.433.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Design of a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network for Energy Management at Home1. IntroductionIn a world of rising energy costs and dwindling

Conference Session

Design Projects across the Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Thomas, University of South Alabama; Michael Doran, University of South Alabama; James Sakalaukus, University of South Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

making inroads intosociety in roles such as mowing yards, cleaning houses, assisting the military and providingcompanionship to the elderly1-9. In addition, robots are an excellent way to introduce students atall levels of engineering and computer science education to sophisticated design and researchissues.The University of South Alabama (USA) was fortunate to obtain an NSF grant to develop, buildand test an autonomous tour guide robot, named the JagBot, after the university jaguar mascot.In addition to providing funding for a wide variety of research, the NSF is a staunch advocate ofquality education in American universities. It is increasingly evident in NSF proposalrequirements that the education and preparation of students for careers in

Conference Session

Design Across the Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aruna Shekar, Massey University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, define boundaries,research various sources and come up with a range of alternative solutions. In other words,the project brief or aim should not narrowly specify the solution or what should be built.Projects should allow for some freedom of expression and some experimentation in order forstudents to select the most appropriate solution. Some projects should allow for theconsideration of not only technical aspects, but also economic, socio-cultural and ethicalfactors.The closer the projects are to commercial reality the better, as it trains students to handle real-world problems that they may face in their professional careers. Exposure to a number ofopen-ended projects ranging in focus and complexity helps with student learning andconfidence3,4

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

characteristics or components of TDRs forcapstone application. The low response of industry representatives prohibited comparativeanalysis. A list of recognized components/characteristics was supplied in the survey (Appendix1). A Likert response was requested for the survey provided characteristic/components. Theseprovided characteristics/components were developed from various literature sources, industryexamples of TDR checklists and the author’s anecdotal experience from capstone and from alengthy industry career. The Likert scale requested ratings on the order of: 1, doesn’t matter; 2,may be good to have; 3, nice to have; and 4, must have. For the provided TDR components, theresponses indicated above mean affinity for including the component as an

Conference Session

Design Teamwork

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junichi Kanai, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Mark Anderson, Rensselaer

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students working on engineering design projects.Mark Anderson, Rensselaer He received his Bachelor’s degree and his Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute in 1979 and 1980, respectively. Mark began his career at Rensselaer as a Project Engineer for the Center for Manufacturing Productivity and Technology Transfer. He then moved to Westinghouse and General Electric where he held various positions in several computer related fields including manufac- turing, robotics, vision systems, instrumentation, software development, factory automation, engineering, numerical control/CNC, machining, and business analysis. Mark is currently a Senior Project Engineer for the Design Lab at

Conference Session

Design Teamwork

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen W. Laguette, University of California, Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #5904Team Leadership on Capstone Design Project TeamsMr. Stephen W. Laguette, University of California, Santa Barbara Stephen Laguette is currently a Lecturer at the University of California, Santa Barbara in the College of Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering (ME) and the Technology Management Pro- gram and is responsible for the undergraduate ME Capstone Design program. He received his BS, MS in ME from the University of California, Los Angeles. His professional career has included executive Research and Development management positions with a number of medical device companies. He has

Conference Session

Design Methodology and Evaluation 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamecia R. Jones, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

abbreviations and icons specific to engineering and design processes, andreflects interaction behaviors in the relationships between students, groups, and teachers. Thislanguage can then be taught to students and teachers to test its efficacy in supportingdocumentation, reflection, and assessment.IntroductionEngineering standards are being adopted in public education to expose K-12 students toengineering thinking and concepts at earlier ages1, 2, hoping to impact STEM interest and long-term career decisions. Design is an integral theme and skill in engineering3, thus making designthinking important in engineering education and K-12 STEM courses. “Design thinking is anapproach toward learning that encompasses active problem solving by engaging with

Conference Session

Research on Design Learning

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jackson Lyall Autrey, University of Oklahoma; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

imperative that we recognize the internalization ofthe principles of engineering design as a career sustaining competency.Accordingly, we have piloted a pre-capstone course called Principles ofEngineering Design. In this course we aim to empower the students to internalizethe principles of engineering design, learn through doing (reading, designing,building, testing, and post-project analysis), learn to frame, postulate, andimplement a plan of action for their Spring 2016 Capstone projects, and transitionfrom being a student to a junior engineer in a company. In this course through ascaffolded set of assignments and activities, we provide an opportunity forstudents to internalize the principles of engineering design. In Fall 2015 we

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Betsy Palmer, Montana State University; Patrick T. Terenzini, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Ann F. McKenna, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Betty J. Harper, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Dan Merson, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

engineering disciplines (biomedical/bioengineering, chemical, civil, electrical, industrial, and mechanical). All faculty members,program chairs, and sophomore, junior and senior students at participating institutions were Page 22.430.3invited to participate in web-based surveys. The student surveys solicited respondents‟background and demographic characteristics, self-assessments of selected learning outcomes,and future career plans. The survey also queried students‟ perceptions of classroom practices,out-of-class interactions with faculty, and extracurricular experiences. Chairs were askedquestions about their curriculum, educational support

Conference Session

Making in Design Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alexander R. Murphy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Danielle M. Saracino, Georgia Institute of Technology; Beyza Akgun, Georgia Institute of Technology; Katherine Fu, Georgia Institute of Technology; Julie S. Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

questions were chosen to capture studentperceptions of the two prototyping strategies during the design competition and how they feltabout them as strategies for use in future projects throughout their undergraduate careers.3.2 Satisfaction SortingBased on student responses to the questions shown in section 3.1, participants were categorizedby two different methods: “permutation sorting” and “emergent themes”. Permutation sortingconsisted of eight categories capturing whether the participants scored points and whether theywere satisfied with their random condition assignment. The categories are duplicated for eachexperimental condition for a total of eight. These categories are listed in Table 2. The primarysource of data for permutation sorting