Conference Session

Student Experiences with Undergraduate Research

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Wookwon Lee P.E., Gannon University; Nicholas B. Conklin, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

’ reflection papers on use of SRL skills through “Design YourProcess For Becoming A World Class Engineering Student” project activities. In this paper, as ourstudy is focused on SRL skills on engineering design activities in extracurricular research projects,we adopt a relatively simple survey instrument [8] that was developed and validated particularlyfor assessment of use of SRL skills in engineering design. Derived from a widely-usedquestionnaire for assessment of SRL in general classroom settings [9][10], it captures student’sperception of metacognition along the cycle of engineering design which typically includesproblem definition, conceptual design, preliminary design, detailed design, and designcommunication. This survey instrument was

Conference Session

Instruments and Methods for Studying Student Experiences and Outcomes

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

John Mendoza-Garcia, University of Florida; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

] Research question What is a way of experiencing What is the actual difference between two ways something (X)? of experiencing “the same thing” (X)? Data Collection Ask for experience with X. Ensure Ask to experience the same instance of X through that all participants a task Data People talking about their past Participant talking about what they can “see” of experiences with what they X while addressing the task identify as X (Since there is no Participant reflections on their way of addressing common experience, participants the task (Since they

Conference Session

Works in Progress I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hilton Heydenrych, University of Cape Town; Jennifer M. Case, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

not only was this exhausting, but that it worked against theirmastery of the concepts: Having a whole day of lectures, theoretically, allows students to focus on the work and ask questions in a ordered, consecutive manner. Unfortunately, owing to the long days [specifically in CHE3005W] this was not achieved practically as the long hours is exhausting for the student and the lecturers. Additionally, it was difficult to not really know anything about the topic at 10h00 and then by 18h00 essentially finishing two weeks worth of information. If one did not understand a concept or if one needs time to reflect on the work to fully understand it, meridian was the only time to do so to ensure that one

Conference Session

Practice I: Academic Success

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Jane Wilson Orndoff Esq., Florida Southwestern State College; Elizabeth W. Schott, Florida Southwestern State College

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Rewards of an Engineering Pre-Requisite AssignmentAbstractThis evidence-based practice paper describes a proposal for an assignment in an introduction toengineering course designed to help students become aware of just what it takes academically toobtain an engineering degree. In an effort to promote this awareness, the authors have institutedan assignment that is designed for the students to explore various universities, their engineeringprograms, and the prerequisites for those engineering programs. The qualitative data gatheredthrough the assignment reflections were analyzed using criteria-based content analysis.Students have, to a significant degree, found this assignment to be

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 22: Perspectives and Evaluation of Engineering Design Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lori C. Bland, George Mason University; Margret Hjalmarson, George Mason University; Anastasia P. Samaras, George Mason University; Jill K. Nelson, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

to project success. Laurillard’s [11] conception ofteaching as a design science provided the conceptual framework: (a) teaching improvementshould be encouraged; (b) improvement begins with self-reflection; (c) a teaching communitysupports change; (d) teaching change needs to be designed; (e) participating in a teachingcommunity supports engagement with new teaching designs; and (f) teaching changes should bedocumented and shared [11]. In a non-judgmental teaching community, faculty can take risks,sharing successes and failures, receive constructive feedback, and build on each other’s ideas.The design principles for this faculty development project were grounded within Laurillard’sconceptual framework [1], [11]. Thus, adaptive design

Conference Session

Student Teams, Groups, and Collaborations

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Miller, Ohio State University; Laura Hirshfield, University of Michigan; Debbie Chachra, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

teamexperiences. Second, we focus on negative feedback and experiences, rather than positive. Ourgoal is to capture elements of teaming that may not be captured by the more widely-usedapproaches. A common example of negative teaming behavior is ‘freeloaders’, students whomay devote little effort to the team but who benefit from the work of their teammates. Anotherexample is when one student re-does work produced by a teammate; this will likely lead to ahigher-quality output, an outcome which appears to be positive. However, the student whosework was re-done may find this to be a demotivating experience, undermining their confidence,which may in turn contribute to a lower commitment to engineering. Because teaming behavioris likely to reflect schemas

Conference Session

Student Success I: Interventions and Programs

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Perry Weaver, University of Louisville; Marci S. Decaro, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville; Patricia A. Ralston, University of Louisville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

encouraging collaboration andreducing competition may increase achievement. Cooperative learning is one such instructionalstrategy that has been shown to improve affective outcomes, such as self-efficacy in students.12Cooperative Learning Group learning can take a variety of forms, and many of the terms to describe these formsare used interchangeably (e.g., cooperative, collaborative and problem-based learning13). Thesegroup learning varieties have been found to increase student motivation and achievement, butdiffer in terms of level of task structure, the assignment of roles to group members, use of sharedmaterials, involvement of instructors, and built-in reflection on the process. One particular grouplearning structure used in the current

Conference Session

Qualitative Methodologies

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy E. Slaton, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

practical and intellectually appropriateresearch design?In this paper, we consider one such idea: The prevailing stigma of research conducted on smallpopulations in research on equity. Whatever its source or however explicit (or not) its ideologicalorigins, disregard of the “small n” population as non-meaningful reproduces a marginalization ofstudents. It also casts particular human experiences as aberrant by virtue of statistical rarity. Butmost profoundly, researchers’ definition of small or large “ns” reiterates the value or necessityfor established categories (say, racial demarcations, or binaries of ability and disability), whilewe instead believe that critical reflection on categories is necessary for any address of power andprivilege. Our

Conference Session

Student Approaches to Problem Solving: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin James Call, Utah State University; Wade H. Goodridge, Utah State University; Christopher Green, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

understanding have been identified. The basicobservations were identified by common code and grouped under shared themes which arepresented in the Results section. As is the case with grounded theory, validity in this qualitativestudy is established through saturation. That is, when continued data analysis and reflection donot bring forth any new facets or insight, the effort is confirmed to be complete. The datacollection occurred in two different sections – one in the spring and one in the fall – wheresimilar problems were given to both groups, but an alteration of scope for the fall group wasintended to provide more focus in the coding process

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 1: Methods Refresh: Approaches to Data Analysis in Engineering Education Research

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Wilson-Lopez, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello P.E., Utah State University; Theresa Green, Utah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

). Rather than establishing this binary, we think it might be helpful toconsider positivism and interpretivism along continua or spectra, in which ICR measures mightbe helpful in the context of some qualitative studies but inconsistent in the context of others. Tofurther raise questions about the use of ICR, we next describe our own qualitative work inengineering educational research and we describe our discussions and considerationssurrounding ICR in our attempts to ensure quality in our own qualitative research. Intercoder Reliability and Quality: Reflections on a Qualitative Multiple Case StudyTo contextualize our discussion of ICR measures and quality, we begin with a brief descriptionof our own ongoing qualitative work: a multiple case study

Conference Session

Collaboration and Communication in Problem-based Learning

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicole Barclay, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

and communication with technical and non-technical peers. Students worked in teamsof three and four to solve ill-defined problems presented by the instructor. Topics coveredConstruction Waste, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Recycling Education, PublicTransportation, and Campus Transit. Deliverables, including a technical report, an oralpresentation, and an analytical reflection, were used as data for this project. Students weresurveyed to assess their perceptions of problem-based learning. There were seventy-twoparticipants over three semesters. One preliminary result from both the survey and qualitativedata is that students felt confident about working with others from different disciplines. Studentsmostly commented positively about their

Conference Session

Novel Pedagogies 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Cutler, Virginia Tech; Maura J. Borrego, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

that are necessary for fidelity. In this study, we will refer to them as criticalcomponents.Mowbray and coworkers[12] reviewed the literature on fidelity of implementation to identifycommon steps used to establish, measure, and validate the fidelity criteria of an innovation.Author et al. developed a list of critical components using Mowbray et al. as a framework. Theliterature and a panel of experts with experience in the development and implementation of RBISwere consulted to create a list of critical components for each RBIS. A full list of RBIS andcritical components can be found in Appendix A (Note: Having students “Participate in activitiesthat engage them in course content through reflection and/or interaction with their peer

Conference Session

Identity and Culture

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiago R. Forin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kristen Hatten, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

theyhelped the participants weave a story linked to a physical experience rather than an abstractconcept. This allows the researchers to hear a story that is more in-depth, since pictures allow theparticipants to talk about important matters that may usually be tacit. While hearing the participants' stories, the researchers asked probing questions to drawout tacit elements of the participants' experiences. After being transcribed, the interviews wereanalyzed using an online software program, Dedoose, which allowed the researchers to highlightand codify elements of the interviews that reflected the lens of crystallized identity and aspectsof identity important in cross-disciplinary work. Each researcher reviewed the data multipletimes, using

Conference Session

Learning From Experts

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ruth A. Streveler, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Natalie Barrett, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

thesystem are represented as dotted lines because this kind of work requires researchers tobridge domains. Identifying these concepts (the top of the pyramid) will inform Page 22.1038.13curriculum development.The bottom of the pyramid describes learning strategies and kinds of thinking necessary,e.g. computational thinking and the ability to handle complex systems. The bottom partof the pyramid may inform pedagogical approaches.Implications of the use of PCK as a theoretical framework to conduct research inengineering education relate to a) the need for better integration between content andpedagogy that is informed by and reflects what practitioners do, b

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James A. Kaupp, Queen's University; Brian M Frank, Queen's University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

activities1. IntroductionHigher order skills such as problem solving or critical thinking are key attributes forgraduates of any engineering program, are amongst industries highly desired skills fornew employees and are considered a hallmark of a university education  1-5 . The application of critical thinking helps students solve ill-defined, open-ended,complex problems through the analysis and evaluation of information, evaluatingarguments, and developing conclusions resulting from sound reasoning. These complexproblems are typical of those encountered in professional engineering practice, andrequire the reflective, self-regulatory judgment exemplified by critical thinking. Whilemost programs claim to develop critical thinking in some manner

Conference Session

Student Success II: Self-Regulatory, Metacognitive, and Professional Skills

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Herring, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students’ professional formation, the role of reflection in engineering learning, and interpretive research methodologies in the emerging field of engineering education research. His teaching focuses on innovative approaches to introducing systems thinking and creativity into the environmental engineering program at the University of Georgia. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Academic help-seeking as a stand-alone, metacognitive action: An empirical study of experiences and behaviors in undergraduate engineering studentsAbstractContemporary research investigating academic help-seeking behavior (HSB) is predominantlyK-12 in focus. Few studies have

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junaid A. Siddiqui, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

closely related to teaching conceptions and beliefs aboutknowledge, education and teaching47–50. It follows from such observations that changing beliefsand conceptions of teaching are critical for any substantive change in teaching51,52. Efforts toinfluence beliefs through courses and interventions that seek to challenge individual beliefs havemixed outcomes53,54. De-contextualized evidence-based teaching models that are prevalent inthe literature have also been shown to offer limited support for teachers to change theirpractice55. Many researchers consider reflective practice, in which a teacher frequently engagesin reflection on their ongoing practical experiences, as having more potential in helpingpracticing teachers change their

Conference Session

Studies of Shifting In-person Courses to Online and Students' Online Behavior

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bradley J. Sottile, Pennsylvania State University; Laura E. Cruz, Pennsylvania State University; Yi-An Lo Burleson, Pennsylvania State University; Kris McLain, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

sent to approximately 476 students enrolled in one (or both)of two engineering courses: a remote synchronous first-year seminar, and a hybrid remotesynchronous/remote asynchronous introductory programming course for non-computer sciencemajors; both of these courses were offered at University Park, the largest Penn State campus.Both courses were taught by the same instructor, who initiated the present study. Theengineering program at Penn State is one of the highest ranked in the country, with highlycompetitive admission standards, and enrollment patterns that reflect a significant percentage ofstudents from outside of the state and country (29% of overall student body in 2020). As is characteristic of many undergraduate engineering

Conference Session

Research Informing Teaching Practice I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Venters, Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Virginia Tech Engineering Communication Center. Her research includes interdisciplinary collaboration, commu- nication studies, identity theory, and reflective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foun- dation include interdisciplinary pedagogy for pervasive computing design, writing across the curriculum in statics courses, and a CAREER award to explore the use of e-portfolios to promote professional identity and reflective practice. Her teaching emphasizes the roles of engineers as communicators and educators, the foundations and evolution of the engineering education discipline, assessment methods, and evaluating communication in engineering.Dr. Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech Marie C. Paretti is

Conference Session

Misconceptions

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Venters, Virginia Tech; Lisa DuPree McNair, Virginia Tech; Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Department Head of Graduate Education and co-Director of the VT Engineering Communication Center (VTECC). She received her PhD in Linguistics from the University of Chicago and an M.A. and B.A. in English from the University of Georgia. Her research interests include interdis- ciplinary collaboration, design education, communication studies, identity theory and reflective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include interdisciplinary pedagogy for pervasive computing design; writing across the curriculum in Statics courses; as well as a National Science Foun- dation CAREER award to explore the use of e-portfolios for graduate students to promote professional identity and reflective practice. Her

Conference Session

Research Methods and Studies on Engineering Education Research

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

D. Matthew Boyer, Clemson University; Luke A. Duncan, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

formative analysis.As a work in progress,, we are seeking feedback from researchers who have experience withlarge-scale, multi-year implementations, especially in the context of making revisions to researchdesign. We chose design-based methods to construct our tools and plan our implementation,having selected them for their applicability in situations where plans may need to be revisedbased on formative iterations of reflection [1]. Now that we find ourselves with the need to makechanges, we are uncertain how to effectively integrate new research questions, collect andanalyze data, and communicate findings in ways that: (1) maintain consistent attention toestablished throughlines while; (2) integrating adaptations to the original research design

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 8: Survey and Instrument Development

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota; Elizabeth Ring-Whalen, St. Catherine University; Jeanna R. Wieselmann, University of Minnesota; Emily Anna Dare, Florida International University; Joshua Alexander Ellis, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

authentic STEM experiencesto students in grades K-12 in order to foster students’ engagement and interest in STEM [8].The problems that we face in our rapidly evolving global society are multidisciplinary in nature,requiring the integration of multiple subjects to develop solutions. The complex andmultidisciplinary nature of these real-world problems is a driving force behind arguments forintegrated STEM approaches to teaching and learning in K-12 classrooms. Indeed, researchershave argued that integration across the STEM disciplines provide the best opportunity forstudents to experience authentic learning environments and that teaching without integration“does not reflect the natural interconnectedness of the four STEM components in the real

Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria Robson, Virginia Tech; Vinod Lohani, Virginia Tech; Tanner Bateman, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

race. White studentsperformed better in the course than minorities. As a set the learning style variables weremarginally significant predictors of course grade above and beyond race and gender. This was afunction of the active – reflective dimension. Specifically, reflective learners had a significantly Page 12.761.6higher course grade than active learners. Lastly, the four factors from the New Student Surveywere also marginally significant predictors of course grade. The only New Student Factor toapproach significance was the factor pertaining to computer knowledge. Taken together, gender,race, learning style preferences, and prior

Conference Session

Problem Solving, Adaptive Expertise, and Social Engagement

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello P.E., Utah State University; Jacek Uziak, University of Botswana; Andreas Febrian, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

basicthermodynamics concepts and principles [32]. Van Meter, for example, designed andimplemented an intervention to improve students’ conceptual understanding of and reasoning onintroductory thermodynamics problems [33]. From an SRL perspective, the results of thesestudies suggest that early undergraduates have difficulty developing accurate and completeunderstandings of thermodynamics problems. The SRL literature documents several evidence-based teaching strategies that are purported to enhance students’ self-regulation skills [34]–[36].Self-evaluation is one example of such an instructional approach. During self-evaluation,students are commonly provided problem solutions and asked to reflect on their own problem-solving approaches or results. Self

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen B. Wendell, Tufts University; Douglas Matson, Tufts University; Hernan Gallegos, Tufts University; Luisa Chiesa, Tufts University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engineering and education to aid the generations who aim to become future engineers.Luisa Chiesa, Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Work-in-Progress: Learning Assistant “Noticing” in an Undergraduate Engineering Science CourseMany engineering educators are exploring new approaches to support more productive learningbehaviors during required engineering science courses. These approaches range from pedagogyworkshops for faculty to programs fostering student reflection and meta-cognition. Someengineering departments are also establishing “learning assistant” (LA) programs thatincorporate pedagogically trained undergraduate students as

Conference Session

Student Success III: Affect and Attitudes

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Katharyn E. K. Nottis, Bucknell University; Margot A. Vigeant, Bucknell University; Charles Kim, Bucknell University; Erin Jablonski, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

selected from the existing instruments previously noted. Studentswere asked to respond to the questions from the perspective of the class they were in (either theIDEAS course or Course X). The assessments were conducted online in the 2nd, ~6th, and finalweeks of the semester. The evaluations asked students to consider their feelings about the mostrecent course meeting of their IDEAS course and of Course X as they responded to thequestions. The results should therefore reflect students’ motivational and curiosity state on threedistinct days in the beginning, middle and ending of the semester. In addition, a questionnaire atthe end of the semester asked students to reflect on the extent to which, in their view, the sevenattributes of IDEAS courses

Conference Session

Communication and Literacy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chad M Gotch, Washington State University; Quinn Langfitt, Washington State University; Brian F French, Washington State University; Liv Haselbach, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

theperformance descriptors associated with each score for each rubric dimension. Within eachdimension, raters could give a score of 0, 1, 3, or 5. These score options reflect the conceptualdistinctions between performance descriptions. For example, the additional energy literacydemonstration required to move from a score of 1 to a score of 3 was seen as greater than theadditional demonstration required to move from a score of 0 to a score of 1. Each sub-principlewithin the DOE framework was mapped directly to one or two rubric dimensions to facilitateconsistent scoring based on tangible indicators of energy literacy.Data collection Project posters and abstracts from an annual high school energy science/designcompetition held in the Pacific

Conference Session

Works in Progress I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan Detchev, University of Calgary; Elena V. Rangelova, University of Calgary; Scott C. Packer, University of Calgary ; Quazi K. Hassan, University of Calgary; Kyle O'Keefe P.Eng., University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

research assistant observes a series of lectures in a particular class, and fills out a classroom observation protocol with categories such as content; instruction, student cognitive engagement, and student behavioural engagement with space for examples and comments under each category) [9];  Individual or group think-aloud sessions (where a research assistant records students while they work on homework assignments or laboratory reports, and where the students are expected to verbalize out loud their thinking process);  Self-reflections (similar to the individual think-aloud sessions but done in writing by the students as opposed to being recorded by the research assistant);  Minute papers on muddiest concepts (where

Conference Session

Knowing our Students, Part 1

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

curricula. Third, it serves as a starting point for the development of a technical andtinkering self-efficacy instrument that will reflect both the perceptions of the engineeringcommunity as well as the ABET learning outcomes.Tinkering and technical characteristics of engineers were chosen for study because there is a richliterature that indicates that a person’s perception of their efficacy in these areas has an influenceon their persistence and their success in engineering education. This is especially true forwomen. Thus, it is important to know what engineers in business, industry and academia, as wellas engineering students, deem important and value. That is because it is likely that thesecharacteristics will be emphasized in the preparation

Conference Session

Epistemic Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Golnaz Arastoopour, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Naomi C. Chesler, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Cynthia M. D'Angelo, University of Wisconsin, Madison; David Williamson Shaffer, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jamon W. Opgenorth; Carrie Beth Reardan, Epistemic Games; Nathan Patrick Haggerty, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Clayton Guy Lepak

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

participate inconversations to reflect on their work [14, 15]. Through these reflective discussions, mentorsmodel how to think and work like professionals in a domain.Shaffer [16] has characterized the learning that takes place in the practicum in terms of anepistemic frame. Epistemic frame theory suggests every profession has unique collections ofskills, knowledge, identities, values, and epistemology that construct an epistemic frame.Professionals in a field rely on domain-specific skills and knowledge to make and justifydecisions. They have characteristics that define their identity as members of the group, as well asa set of values they use to identify important issues and problems in the field. Developing anepistemic frame means making