Conference Session

ECCD International Outreach

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Slowinski, M.Ed., CREATE NSF-ATE Center; Kathleen Alfano, College of the Canyons

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #12643Renewable Energy Technician Education: Lessons from the German En-ergiewendeMary Slowinski, M.Ed., CREATE NSF-ATE Center Mary Slowinski received her M.Ed. in Learning Science from the University of Washington where she will complete her PhD in the same. She has worked extensively with the National Science Foundation’s Advanced Technological Education program in a variety of consulting capacities including serving as learning coordinator for two international faculty learning projects, participating as an Innovation Coach for a ”scaling-up innovations” project, developing curriculum and learning materials

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session 5: Energy and Wind and Design

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Alya Abd Aziz, Northeastern University; Evan Alexander, Northeastern University; Laura Brigandi, Northeastern University; Cole Branagan, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

basics of engineering as well as the importance of renewable resources. In addition, thiswork educates students on various skills such as research, persistence, design, construction, andtechnical writing.IntroductionAn innovative teaching approach was developed for the newly designed eight credit hourcornerstone course for the first-year engineering students. This method was very effective andwell-suited to educate students. Rather than just studying for exams to gain good grades, this skill-and knowledge-integrated approaches help highly motivated students to interact with otherstudents and faculties from various institutions and take further strides towards real worldsituations.This paper shares a sample project illustrating a new teaching

Conference Session

Experiences in Teaching Energy Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Riddell, Baker College Of Flint; Anca Sala, Baker College Of Flint

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

inquiry.1. IntroductionAlternative energy (AE) has continued to be a hot-button topic for a number of years. Manycolleges and universities have consequently introduced courses on this topic, having a variety offormats: with1,2 or without3 experimental laboratories, project based4, or based on amultidisciplinary approach5. One issue when covering such a broad field is that many studentsnever get a complete picture on all that is involved or related to a given technology. To that end,with the support of our institution’s curriculum committee, it was decided to develop and offeran overview or introductory class for Mechanical Engineering students. The course must be insupport of the Program Outcomes adopted by our program (included in the Appendix

Conference Session

Curriculum and Facility Developments for Innovative Energy Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Gilbert, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, energy management programs, and a survey ofenergy saving opportunities in commercial and industrial facilities. Energy Control Strategiesincorporates spreadsheets, computer programs, and performance simulation software to estimateenergy savings, implementation costs, CO2 reduction, and utility cost savings with theimplementation of energy saving opportunities. Commercial and Industrial Assessmentincorporates utility analysis, on location assessment format, operation of data collectionequipment, and compiling final reports. The Capstone Project provides the real-worldexperience of the entire assessment experience.IntroductionThe sequence of seven courses teaching energy assessment of residential, commercial, and

Conference Session

Experiences in Teaching Energy Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Chanley, Northern Essex Community College; Michael Pelletier, Northern Essex Community College; Linda Desjardins, Northern Essex Community College; Lori Heymans, Northern Essex Community College

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

course is a prime example of taking an idea andproperly supporting its growth with grants, faculty and administrative support, andencouragement from society.The genesis of this course was a 2003 partnership between an NSF grantee, several technicalschools, and several community colleges. The objective of the grant was to create leaders in thecommunity colleges and high schools who would be able to develop technology/engineeringeducation projects in energy and power technologies. During 2004 and 2005, workshops weredeveloped and implemented to increase engineering awareness for the participating high schoolteachers. Several alternative energy lesson modules on wind and solar power were designed,tested and modified

Conference Session

Energy Conservation and Conversions for Green Buildings

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Cherif Megri, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, such as HVAC, energy, plumbing, fire protection and lighting. Also, he supervises many courses in the frame of interprofessional projects (IPRO) program. Areas of Interests: - Zonal modeling approach, - Integration zonal models/building energy simulation models, - Zero Net Energy (ZNE) building, - Airflow in Multizone Buildings & Smoke Control, - Thermal Comfort & Indoor Air Quality, - Predictive modeling and forecasting: Support Vector Machine (SVM) tools, - Energy, HVAC, Plumbing & Fire Protection Systems Design, - Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Application in Building, - BIM & REVIT: application to Architecture and Electrical/Lighting Design systems

Conference Session

Design Based Energy Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Syed Mohammed Tahmid, Naval Air Systems Command; Bilal Saleh Gill; Kee M Park, Queensborough Community College; Yeong Ryu, State University of New York, Farmingdale; SangHoon Lee, Polytechnic Institute of New York University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Optimization and testing of a first generation cavitation heat pumpIntroductionMajor objective of this project is to enhance the educational experiences of engineering studentswhile working on a team project resembling a realistic work environment similar to that of andindustrial setting. During 2012 summer vacation, 23 undergraduate students from three differentuniversities (one private university, one city university and one state university) conducted 2012summer undergraduate research activity. Theme of the 2012 summer undergraduate researchactivity was renewable energy systems. The summer undergraduate research activity wasverbally advertized only throughout three mechanical engineering undergraduate classes of 2012spring semester. However, 23

Conference Session

Training and Workforce Needs in the Energy Sector

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wajiha Shireen, University of Houston (CoT); Radhakrishna Kotti, University of Houston (CoE); Jesus Arturo Villanueva

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

interests are in the area of power electronics which includes advanced converters for power supplies, power quality issues, active power filter development, utility interface issues, power conditioning systems for fuel cells, wind and solar energy systems. She holds one US patent with industry collaboration. She is an IEEE Senior member and is actively involved in funded research projects while engaged in teaching, research and consulting in the area of power electronics, motor drives, power quality and clean power utility interface issues.Mr. Radhakrishna Kotti, University of Houston (CoE) Radhakrishna Kotti received his B.TECH degree from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (J.N.T.U), India in 2010. Currently he

Conference Session

Novel Applications of Computers/Software in Energy Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liping Guo, University of Northern Iowa; Recayi 'Reg' Pecen

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

locate components in the Master Library; (2) How to configure components; (3) How toassemble components and plot the voltage and current waveforms; (4) How to run the project fileand obtain simulation results. A simple voltage divider circuit was built, and output voltage andcurrent were plotted and observed. After the tutorial, students became familiar with the PSCADsoftware and were ready to proceed to simulate more advanced circuits.Case study I – Half-wave rectifiersThe first case study is analysis of a half-wave rectifier circuit. During the lecture, students areintroduced how a half-wave rectifier works with a pure resistive load and resistive-inductive

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Goldade, University of North Dakota; Tessa Haagenson, University of North Dakota; Hossein Salehfar, University of North Dakota; Mike Mann, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. Dr. Salehfar has worked as a consultant for the New York Power Pool, electric utilities and coal industries in the State of North Dakota, and the North Dakota Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC). Dr. Salehfar has very active and externally funded multidisciplinary research projects. He is currently working on a number of projects funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Some of the projects that he has worked on include alternative and renewable energy systems, fuel cell technologies, power electronics, electric drives, neuro-fuzzy intelligent systems, electric power and energy systems, power systems reliability, engineering

Conference Session

Teaching Emerging Energy Technologies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Wayne State University; Alexandru Catalin Belu, Wayne State University; Lucian Cioca, University Lucian Blaga, Sibiu Romania

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

growing global environmental concerns overtheir use for the generation of electric power have increased the interest in the utilizationof renewable energy. This also raises the needs for engineering and sciences programs toprovide training in the areas of renewable energy technology. New programs, courses andsupport laboratories need to be developed and implemented. This paper describes thedevelopment of a design module that forms part of a project-based course in solar-windenergy systems taught at one of the author’s former institution during the Winter 2006term. Course materials were developed during the summer 2005 and fall 2006. Thismodule, which is part of the course-support laboratory, consists of a decision supportsoftware application used

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarma Pisupati, Pennsylvania State University; Jonathan Mathews, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

-term exams (15% each) and a final exam (25%). The final exam is comprehensive. All students take the exams face-to-face on campus in the evening. The exams were computer based for all the students.5. Final Project (12% of course grade): Students are required to complete an online Project that is similar in nature to the Home Activities. The Project consists of three parts: Page 13.436.6 Part 1: Appliances Part 2: Lighting Part 3: Insulation.Results and DiscussionThe student learning performance was evaluated using the rubric previously described. Theresults are shown in Table 2. The timed quizzes consisted of 12-15

Conference Session

ECCD Applications

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Cherif Megri, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, building enclosure, as well as design courses, such as HVAC, energy, plumbing, fire protection and lighting. Also, he supervises many courses in the frame of interprofessional projects (IPRO) program. Dr. Megri wrote over 100 journal and conference papers. Overall, Dr. Megri taught more than 30 different courses at University level in the AE area. Areas of Interests: - Zonal modeling approach, - Integration zonal models/building energy simulation models, - Zero Net Energy (ZNE) building, - Airflow in Multizone Buildings & Smoke Control, - Thermal Comfort & Indoor Air Quality, - Predictive modeling and forecasting: Support Vector Machine (SVM) tools, - Energy, HVAC, Plumbing & Fire Protection Systems

Conference Session

New Concepts for Alternative and Renewable Energy Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Sozen, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Use of Various Software Tools in an Alternative Energy Systems CourseAbstractA course about alternative energy systems and applications was developed and has been taughtfor the past four years at Grand Valley State University. The course, which has been taught as afour credit hour technical elective course in engineering, has been offered in various formats,such as simply a four contact hour course and most recently formalized as a three-lecture three-lab-hours format. Invariably though, the course involved case studies and semester projects.These projects have been mostly about feasibility studies on applications of such energyresources to real world problems. Several software tools have been acquired and

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reg Pecen, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

chairing ten or more graduate student culminating projects, theses, or dissertations, in 2011 and 2005. He was also nominated for 2004 UNI Book and Supply Outstanding Teaching Award, March 2004, and nominated for 2006, and 2007 Russ Nielson Service Awards, UNI. Dr. Pecen is an Engineering Tech- nology Editor of American Journal of Undergraduate Research (AJUR). He has been serving as a re- viewer on the IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing since 2001. Dr. Pecen has served on ASEE Engineering Technology Division (ETD) in Annual ASEE Conferences as a reviewer, session moderator, and co-moderator since 2002. He served as a Chair-Elect on ASEE ECC Division in 2011. He also served as a program chair

Conference Session

ECCD - Technical Session 2 - Solar Energy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Saeed Sean Monemi, California State Polytechnic University Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Prototype Automated Solar Tracking with Power Generation System Abstract — The purpose of this project was to design and build a Solar Tracking System froman electrical and mechanical perspective. The tracking system is equipped with automatedbattery charging circuit and switching capabilities for multiple batteries. The system can run afully autonomous mode using photoresistor to track the sun ensuring optimal coverage. Thepopular ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is interfaced with an Arduino Mega using its communicationsprotocols for wireless control and monitoring of the system.I. Introduction In our everyday lives we constantly hear the chatter government and activists have inwhich

Conference Session

New Concepts for Alternative and Renewable Energy Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth (elisha) Mh Garcia, U.S. Coast Guard Academy; Deanna L Bergondo, United States Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

energy for the course. This included showing the books available through thelibrary, and emphasizing the suggested, but not required, text by Boyle, Renewable Energy:Power for a Sustainable Future4. Then the website for Ocean Energy Systems5, an InternationalEnergy Agency technology initiative, was projected and some material was highlighted.2. Marine Energy Sources was presented by the science faculty co-instructor of the course.The presentation was a slight modification from the one used in 2009, so the content was thesame as noted in Table 2. The different types of energy that are found in the ocean werepresented, broken down into the categories of thermal (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, orOTEC), mechanical, including both potential

Conference Session

Computer Applications in Energy Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clayton Hochstrasser, The Ohio State Univ.; Joseph Werner, The Ohio State Univ.; Donald Kasten, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

developed in the project described in this paper are primarily for instructor use duringlectures to enhancing learning.The efforts presented here in this paper represent undergraduate students and faculty of anelectrical engineering program in a state university. Students always ask for more examples toillustrate the concepts presented in the classroom lectures. Whether their motivation for moreexamples is to just learn the mechanics of the problems without really understanding theprinciples involved or that the examples do reinforce their understanding of those principles, thefact remains, at least for these authors, that there is a need to illustrate numerical examples in theclassroom.Organization of effortAt our university, the College of

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ray Miller, University of Cincinnati; Max Rabiee, University of Cincinnati; Elvin Stepp, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

quantitiesof machines under operating conditions. They are required to make observations of machineefficiencies under various loading conditions.In addition to taking courses in circuits, machinery and controls we feel that it is importantstudents be able to pull together much of what they have learned at the associate level so they seehow their knowledge can be applied to a real project. Topics of Applied Design is intended forthis purpose. The course serves as a capstone course at the associate level that requires studentsto apply the knowledge and analysis techniques they have learn thus far. Students work in teamson a project of some complexity such as a regulated power supply or RF circuit. The actualproject can be changed each time the course is

Conference Session

Learning about Electric Energy Conversion

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Rubaai, Howard University; Ramesh Chawla, Howard University; Joseph Cannon

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

switching control3 and impact control inrobots4. The relative effectiveness of bang-bang controllers versus linear controllers wasinvestigated by comparison to human behavior in an experiment which investigated the tendencyof human operators to behave in bang-bang fashion when controlling some high-order systemswhen a linear alternative was available5. It was concluded that for the class of systems forwhich fine motor control about the referrence is unnecessary, bang-bang control is moreintuitive and can be performed without sacrificing performance.In response to concerns that the study of control systems is too dependent on abstractmathematical theory and not enough emphasis on “hands-on” projects related to currentindustrial technology 6, an

Conference Session

ECCD Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jaime Ramos, University of Texas, Pan American; Leonel Aguilera, University of Texas, Pan American; Elizardo Garcia, Universidad TecMilenio; Sanjeev Kumar, University of Texas, Pan American, Electrical and Computer Engineering; Roman Garcia, IEEE; Jose Sanchez, University of Texas, Pan American

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

founder of NSF funded Network Research Lab (NRL) in Electrical Engineering Dept. at UTPA, and an elected Senior member of IEEE..Roman Garcia, IEEE Roman Garcia earned his degree as an Electronic Technician in 2007. He is coursing his B.S degree in Electrical Engineering at The University of Texas Pan-American. He is looking for a cleaner way to provide energy and illumination at lowest prices. His goals and vision on renewable energy and LED lightning had brought him to work as a research assistance on the project described in the paper.Jose Sanchez, The University of Texas Pan American Jose Sanchez, The University of Texas Pan American Jose Sanchez received his BSEE degree from The University of Texas Pan American in

Conference Session

Sustainability, Diversity, and STEM in Contemporary Energy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M. Robertson, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Slobodan Petrovic, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

long term planning.Maturity is defined by the ability of a class of products to generate enough marketrevenue to sustain evolution and growth without subsidies or preferential trade conditions.At that stage of development, market growth is often determined more by constraints thanby new applications or performance features. These constraints are opportunities forthose who recognize them.Many parties have an interest in making objective assessments of the possible success ofemerging technologies - from venture capital investors to students pondering their careerdirection. To make the task more tractable, the process described in this paper is directedtowards generic new energy technologies rather than individual projects or products thatuse

Conference Session

Sustainability and Hands-On Activities

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Anne Valdes, University of Florida; Carlene Elizabeth Cuadra, University of Florida ; Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida; Nick M. Safai, Salt Lake Community College

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

engineering projects, multiphase flow, well testing, in situ stress measure-ments, SCA, hydraulic fracturing and other assigned research programs. In addition, as a group directorhave been responsible for all management and administrative duties, budgeting, and marketing of theservices, codes and products.Standard oil Co. (Sohio Petroleum Company), San Francisco, California, 1983-85; Senior ReservoirEngineer; Performed various tasks related to Lisburne reservoir project; reservoir simulation (3 phaseflow), budgeting, proposal review and recommendation, fund authorizations (AFE) and supporting doc-uments, computer usage forecasting, equipment purchase/lease justification (PC, IBM-XT, Printer, etc.),selection/justification and award of contract to

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Kerestes, University of Pittsburgh; Paul A. Dolloff PE, University of Kentucky; Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

project). The next section of this paperprovides a description of the indirect assessment of the course which includes both studentinterview and end-of-term survey data. Some observations and the future direction of thecourse are then presented, which include plans to flip this course for the 2019 offering. Lastlythe paper ends with some concluding remarks.Motivation for Course in Power Distribution Engineering and SmartGridsThough both transmission and distribution power systems are essential for safely and reliablydelivering electric power from central generation stations to consumers, industry and academiahave traditionally concentrated on advancing transmission technologies. However, the recentexplosion of distributed energy resources (DER

Conference Session

ECCD Innovative Teaching Applications

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hayrettin B Karayaka, Western Carolina University; Robert D. Adams, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Electronics to Electrical Engineering StudentsAbstractWestern Carolina University is the only educational institution that offers engineering andtechnology degrees in the western part of the state which is home to major national andinternational engineering-related companies. As the power industry has a significant shareamong these companies and is becoming one of the major recruiters of our graduates in theDepartment of Engineering and Technology at Western Carolina University, developing anemphasis in electric power engineering plays a vital role in educating the next generation of theregion’s power industry workforce.To that end, a curriculum development effort was planned and is projected to train, prepare forresearch, and

Conference Session

ECCD - Technical Session 1 - Energy & Electrical Engineering

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Southern University and A&M College; Lucian Ionel Cioca, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #28586Electrical Energy Engineering Education for 21st CenturyDr. Radian G Belu, Southern University and A&M College Dr. Radian Belu is Associate Professor within Electrical Engineering Department, Southern University, Baton, Rouge, USA. He is holding one PHD in power engineering and other one in physics. Before joining to Southern University Dr. Belu hold faculty, research and industry positions at universities and research institutes in Romania, Canada and United States. He also worked for several years in industry as project manager, senior engineer and consultant. He has taught and developed undergraduate

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session 4: Energy and Analysis

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Arash Kialashaki, California State University, Chico

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

energy engineering, by visiting more thanfifty industrial and commercial facilities, and reviewing more than two hundred energyefficiency improvement projects, author selected some of the most cost-effective ECMs whichcan result in significant energy savings and demand reduction for energy end-users. These ECMsinclude lowering the lighting power density by installing LED fixtures, affinity law and itsapplications in variable frequency drives installed on fans and pumps, high thermal efficiencywater heating systems, and installation of thermal energy storage. For each of the above ECMs,the author explains the concept of the ECM, how it may save energy, and what equipment isinvolved in that ECM. The discussion around the concept of each of the

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Kerestes, University of Pittsburgh; Dekwuan Stokes, University of Pittsburgh; Ryan M. Brody, University of Pittsburgh; Adam Emes, University of Pittsburgh; Alexander Williams, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

professor when he is older.Adam Emes, University of Pittsburgh Adam Emes completed his B.S. in electrical engineering, with a concentration in electric power engineer- ing, from the University of Pittsburgh in 2018. In his time as an undergraduate, he completed three co-op rotations at Curtiss-Wright EMD, and worked part time as an undergraduate student researcher. From his co-op position, he gained experience with electric motor and generator design. In his undergraduate research, he contributed to projects that utilized signal processing in fault classification and load detection applications. He is currently a second year M.S. student in the electric power systems group at Pitt. His research interests include power

Conference Session

Learning about Power Systems and Power Consumption

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin Reed, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Daniel Ludois, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Maria Hamlin, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

power electronics orother power conversion course could improve student engagement throughout the course ascompared to more conventional sample applications. Furthermore, it will be shown that theknowledge base necessary to build an SSTC spans far more technical areas than required in mostconventional power electronics projects, and therefore justifies the SSTC as practical classroomexercise. The hypotheses presented in this paper are investigated and further evaluated with asurvey to gauge student interest in enrolling in a power electronics course based on a variety ofsample applications, including the SSTC. (a) (b) (c

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Issues in Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cindy Orndoff, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

vine andvegetation growth on the walls of a structure to conserve energy by providing shade andinsulation. Green roofs can be traced through history, even to the Hanging Gardens of Babylon,and create a beautiful and natural space.Perhaps the most desirable and marketable attribute of green roofs is that they conserve heatingand cooling energy. The vegetated layer not only protects the roof from wind, frost, andmechanical damage (almost doubling the expected roof life), but it also acts as an excellentinsulation layer. Green roofs keep houses cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter. Ascited on the “Livingroofs” website, a Nottingham Trent University research project found thatwith a mean daily temperature of 18.4° C, the temperature