Conference Session

Topics in Biomass and Gasification Processes

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hong Zhang, Rowan University; Jess W. Everett, Rowan University; Jessica Tryner, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #6358Service Learning Without Borders – Turning Peanut Shells to Fuel Briquettesin the GambiaDr. Hong Zhang, Rowan UniversityDr. Jess W. Everett, Rowan University Jess Everett, Ph.D., P.E. is a professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering. He has over 26 years experience as an environmental engineer and professor and has published over 63 refereed journal articles, chapters, and books. He has worked on more than 60 funded projects (totaling over $6M) and has worked with more than 100 Junior and Senior Clinic teams (over 220 different undergraduate students). He has worked with Clinic teams on EWB projects

Conference Session

ECCD - Technical Session 2 - Solar Energy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brittany Weber, Renewable Energy Society; Katelyn Renee Dunnagan , Renewable Energy Society ; Matthew Aldeman, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #29251Photovoltaic Solar GrillMrs. Brittany Weber, Renewable Energy Society Brittany Weber is an Illinois State University undergraduate student in the Sustainable and Renewable Energy major with a Food Studies minor. She was the president of the Renewable Energy Society and head of the solar grill project from 2019-2020.Miss Katelyn Renee Dunnagan , Renewable Energy Society Katelyn Dunnagan is an undergraduate student at Illinois State University, where she is majoring in Sus- tainable and Renewable Energy. She is currently an executive board member for the Renewable Energy Society and holds a position as a

Conference Session

ECCD Applications

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gabriela De Mattos Veroneze, North Carolina A&T SU; Zhichao Li, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University; Pedro Augusto Pinto Caldeira

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Engineering Education, 2015 Teaching Renewable energy concepts by using reduced scale modelsIntroduction Since the industrial revolution the production and consumption of fuels and electricityhas been one of the major components in economic and political decisions worldwide. About 30years ago when crude oil was thought to be suddenly short on supply, researchers, engineers andcompanies began to investigate alternative energy sources. At some point in time supplies for fossil fuel and crude oil will diminish to a critical levelthat is why it is important to teach students how use and incorporate renewable energy into theirengineering projects independently of their majors. This class will be offered as a 3 credit hour

Conference Session

Investigating Fuel Cells and Alternative Fuels in the Classroom and Lab

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

cell research used under a wide range of operational conditions for the US Army. He is also working with his students supporting DTE Energy in the operation and optimization of their Hydrogen Power Park in Southfield, Michigan, a photovoltaic, biomass, water electrolysis, hydrogen storage, hydrogen vehicle fueling station and fuel cell power demonstration project, funded by the Department of Energy. He is also establishing an alternative energy laboratory at LTU that contains integrated fuel cell and hydrogen generation systems, as well as equipment for solar (thermal and photovoltaic), biomass, wind and other alternative and renewable energy generation equipment

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2: Solar Track

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Edmund Huminski, United States Coast Guard Academy; Salena Marie Bantz; Joseph Roth, United States Coast Guard Academy; Liam Scott Caro; Tooran Emami Ph. D., United States Coast Guard Academy; David Fournier, United States Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Hampshire University. Served twenty years in the US Coast Guard as an Electronics Technician. Currently manages, develops, and instructs labs for Electrical Engi- neering and Cyber Systems and teaches cyber security to cadets at the US Coast Guard Academy. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Simulation and Validation of Battery Management SystemAbstract This paper presents the process and results of the simulation and validation of a batterymanagement system. The goal of this project is to design a battery management system andpower management system for use in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). The system must becapable of seamlessly

Conference Session

ECCD - Technical Session 2 - Solar Energy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Saeed Sean Monemi, California State Polytechnic University Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 The Scaled Omni-Directional Solar Tracking Unit Abstract — The goal of this project was to design and implement an omnidirectional solartracking system with the integrated capacity to charge multi-cell batteries with a balancedcharging rate to allow for stable power delivery to a smart grid model. The intent of the trackingsystem is to maintain a perpendicular angle from the surface of the panel cells to the sun’semitting light rays in-order to maintain optimal power storage throughout the course of the day. Improved design and development of an omni-directional solar tracking system can beconsidered for implementation at an industry scale for achieving optimal power

Conference Session

Novel Energy Applications in Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Schumack, University of Detroit Mercy; Mohammad Elahinia, University of Toledo; Christopher Schroeder, University of Toledo; Walter Olson, University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

is working with Dr. Mohammad Elahinia on a project to develop "Multipurpose Educational Modules to Teach Hybrid Vehicle Technologies". Specifically Christopher says I am "working with colleagues to make hydraulic hybrid vehicles more suitable for commercialization…. I am excited and thrilled to be part of a university and a project which have the potential to make big changes in the automotive industry."Walter Olson, University of Toledo Walter Olson is a professor of Mechanical Engineering specializing in dynamics in the Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Toledo. His research on Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles is sponsored by the US EPA

Conference Session

Alternative-energy Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anurag Srivastava, Mississippi State University; Noel Schulz, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Digital Simulator (RTDS) is an effective tool for modeling andsimulation of power and control systems. RTDS hardware employs high-speed DSP (digitalsignal processor) chips, operating in parallel, to compute simulation results with simulation stepsizes as small as two microseconds. This paper discusses projects and activities used in bothteaching and research activities to provide exposure of the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS)for power system applications.IntroductionThe approach to teaching traditional power system topics needs to be revisited to ensure that thenew graduates are equipped with the required knowledge needed in a more competitive industry.Also these new pedagogical approaches need to renew interest in power engineering to

Conference Session

Sustainable Education and the Environment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omer Onar, Illinois Institute of Technology; Alireza Khaligh, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2009-649: AN ENERGY-HARVESTING CURRICULUM DEVELOPED ANDOFFERED AT THE ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYOmer Onar, Illinois Institute of Technology (IEEE S’05) received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Yildiz Technical University, Turkey, in 2004 and 2006 respectively. He was a research scholar in Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of South Alabama (USA) from August 2005 to August 2006 and involved US Department of Energy projects based on power management for fuel cell applications. Currently, he is a doctoral research assistant at the Energy Harvesting and Renewable Energies Laboratory (EHREL) at the Electric Power and Power Electronics Center

Conference Session

Green Energy Manufacturing and Sustainable Energy Management

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jung-Uk Lim, Liberty University; Kyung K. Bae, Liberty University; Hector E. Medina, Liberty University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation, Manufacturing

team’s design and construction of an APVAWT, total eightdecision gates (stakeholder requirements, system requirements, system operations, systemfunctions, system architectures, implementation, verification and validation) are set for theproject from inception to completion in order to satisfy the need of a client who asks to make anAPVAWT. This process includes technical and artistic designs considering functionality, beauty,safety, economics, and ethical implications, ensuring the functionality and beauty for thecompleted physical unit. Through this project, students will have an enriched opportunity for aninterdisciplinary design process combining engineering and arts. 1. IntroductionAccording to recent reports on renewable energy, although

Conference Session

Assessment, Course, and Curricular Development

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan L. Falkenstein-Smith, Syracuse University; Ryan James Milcarek, Syracuse University; Michael J. Garrett, Syracuse University; Jeongmin Ahn, Syracuse University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

course was divided into four portions:lecture, a seminar series, lab sections, and student’s final project presentation. Lectures were heldtwice a week in a classroom setting and discussed fuel cell fundamentals. Table 1 shows thediscussion topics such as fuel cell thermodynamics, electrode kinetics, performance andefficiency, transport process, classifications, fueling issues, and fuel cell systems andapplications. In order to compensate for some student’s lack of general chemistry principles,basic concepts were briefly introduced and appropriate examples were provided. After sevenweeks, students were given a midterm exam incorporating basic analysis of electrochemical andthermodynamic principles while including some response questions

Conference Session

Teaching Emerging Energy Technologies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Liao, Wayne State University; Chih-Ping Yeh, Wayne State University; James Sawyer, Macomb Community College

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

automobile manufacturers are training their HEV engineers and techniciansentirely “in-house,” which limits the number of engineers and technicians available for thegrowing hybrid market. There is a clear need for a systematic training program on HEV. Thispaper describes a funded project whose goal is to fill this need by developing an integratedlearning environment for HEV technology. This project targets engineering/engineeringtechnology students in 4-year universities, automotive technology students in communitycolleges, automotive engineers and technicians in industries, and K-12 technology teachers.1. IntroductionThe U.S. spends about $2 billion a week on oil imports, mostly for transportation fuel 1. Thisneed for oil affects our national

Conference Session

K-12 Experiences in Energy Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liping Guo, Northern Illinois University; Mansour Tahernezhadi, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

of the IEEE and a member of the honor society of Phi Kappa Phi.Mansour Tahernezhadi, Northern Illinois University Page 25.1066.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Problem-Based Learning in the Training of Middle and High School Teachers in Alternative EnergyAbstract: The Emerging Technology Institute (ETI) is a collaborative project of Northern IllinoisUniversity, Rockford Public School District, West Aurora Unit School District, Rich TownshipHigh School District, and Harlem Consolidated School District supported by the Illinois

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Conservation and Optimization

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Southern University and A&M College; Lucian Ionel Cioca, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu; Richard Chiou, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #21962Development and Implementation of a Power and Energy Engineering Minorwith Limited Resources: First Results and Lessons LearnedDr. Radian G. Belu, Southern University and A&M College Dr. Radian Belu is Associate Professor within Electrical Engineering Department, Southern University, Baton, Rouge, USA. He is holding one PHD in power engineering and other one in physics. Before joining to Southern University Dr. Belu hold faculty, research and industry positions at universities and research institutes in Romania, Canada and United States. He also worked for several years in industry as project manager

Conference Session

Curriculum and Facility Developments for Innovative Energy Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Zilouchian, Florida Atlantic University; Amir Abtahi, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

last 25 years. He has published one book and more than 155 book chapters, scholarly journal papers, and refereed conference proceedings. His research projects have been funded by many agencies, including NSF, FPL/DOE, Broward School County, and Motorola, Inc., as well as several other sources. In 1996 and 2001, Zilouchian was awarded for the Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching at FAU. He has also received 2003 and 2004 College of Engineering Dean’s awards in recognition of his contributions toward achievement of the goals of COE at FAU. He has served as session chair and organizer of 10 different sessions in the international conferences within the last five years. Zilouchian is currently an Associate Editor of the

Conference Session

Investigating Alternative-energy Concepts

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Mark Jansson, Rowan University; Ulrich Schwabe, Rowan University; Kevin Bellomo - Whitten, Rowan University; Jonathan Bucca, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

incorporates their new amorphous silicon modules which Page 14.210.2promise lower losses of performance in higher temperatures when compared to conventionalsolar modules. Seeing it as a great opportunity for an additional clinic project, Dr. Rowan alongwith his graduate student and four undergraduates added the project to their list of objectives.The first semester included the design and installation of the system including data collection forfuture analysis. In the fall 2008 semester, part of a clinic project entailed the analysis of thecollected data to give an insight into the operational efficiency of the new module type versustwo existing

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Solar

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

project is assigned to design and build different PV systems. The solarenergy curriculum is supplemented by the SolaRescue program and Alternative Energy Club.The details of the solar energy curriculum are presented in this paper along with both formativeand summative assessments of the outcomes.2. Learning Modules on Solar EnergyThree learning modules on solar energy have been developed which can be incorporated intocourses in the electrical engineering program. The modules are solar radiation, solar cell, andsolar energy harvesting.2.1 Solar Radiation Module Solar energy is clean, abundant, and renewable. To use the sun as an energy source, it is essential to know solar radiation, the sun’s position for a given day and a location, and how

Conference Session

ECCD Applications in Energy and Thermodynamics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Cherif Megri, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, plumbing, fire protection and lighting. Also, he supervises many courses in the frame of interprofessional projects (IPRO) program. Dr. Megri wrote over 100 journal and conference papers. Overall, Dr. Megri taught more than 30 different courses at University level in the AE area. Areas of Interests: - Zonal modeling approach, - Integration zonal models/building energy simulation models, - Zero Net Energy (ZNE) building, - Airflow in Multizone Buildings & Smoke Control, - Thermal Comfort & Indoor Air Quality, - Predictive modeling and forecasting: Support Vector Machine (SVM) tools, - Energy, HVAC, Plumbing & Fire Protection Systems Design, - Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Application in Building

Conference Session

ECCD Innovative Teaching Applications

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilya Y. Grinberg, Buffalo State College; Matin Meskin, University at Buffalo; Mohammed Safiuddin, University at Buffalo, SUNY

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

). Phase 1 of the test bed is illustrated in Figure 3.This project demonstrates capabilities for providing a secure connection betweenSCADA systems affiliated with respective Microgrid. The model of the Microgrid atBuffalo State consists of a scaled-down set of equipment that includes generation,transmission, distribution, protection, monitoring, and control. Page 26.1503.5 Fig. 3. Phase 1 Test BedSCADA system supplied by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL) has beeninstalled to facilitate connection of IEDs (such as relays, meters, sensors, etc.) for accessto the cloud servers. The SCADA system sends commands to equipment

Conference Session

New Trends in Energy Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kendrick Aung, Lamar University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

: ‚ Design of Thermal Systems by W. F. Stoecker1 ‚ Analysis and Design of Energy Systems by B. K. Hodge and R. P. Taylor2 ‚ Design of Fluid Thermal Systems by W. S. Janna3 ‚ Elements of Thermal-Fluid System Design by L. C. Burmeister4 ‚ Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems by Y. Jaluria5 ‚ Design Analysis of Thermal Systems by R. F. Boehm6 ‚ Design and Simulation of Thermal Systems by N. V. Suryanarayana, O. Arici and N. Suryanarayana7 ‚ Thermal Design and Optimization by A. Bejan, G. Tsatsaronis, and M. Moran8 The main criteria for choosing the textbook are topical contents, problem sets, workedexamples, and design projects. Comparing these textbooks is difficult as many core topics aresimilar but each

Conference Session

New Trends in Energy Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kendrick Aung, Lamar University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

and solar collectors. Some of theissues considered in the design sheet are the location and ambient temperature, the orientationand angle of collectors and a final design check to ensure design assumption. Cost data fromFlorida Solar Energy Center is used to perform cost analysis of the water heating system. Fig. 4 Solar Water Heater System Selection from Florida Solar Energy Center14Benefits of Using Design Sheets The author has extensively used design sheets in the senior core course, Design of ThermalSystems and the benefits to the students show up when these senior students start their CapstoneDesign course. Three out of five teams in the current semester are using these design sheets intheir senior design projects. One

Conference Session

Energy Resources, Efficiency, and Conservation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeri-Anne McKeon

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

president of Wulfinghoff Energy Services, Inc. Page 11.939.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Moving Engineering Practice into the Classroom: Using the New Interactive ReferencesA New Concept in Engineering EducationThe practice of engineering requires the skill to continually gain reliable understanding ofpreviously unfamiliar subjects, which will be used by the engineer as the basis for decisionsaffecting the welfare of clients and the public. The great variety of issues that an engineer mustaddress requires that principles and data must be found and assimilated into a project

Conference Session

Topics in Biomass and Gasification Processes

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Drew Witte, IUPUI; Peter J. Schubert, IUPUI

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

America, can be seen from space, and is full. It is scheduled to closein October 20134. NYC has shifted all their MSW transfer stations to the waterfront, to providemore options for export of trash5. The “City that Never Sleeps” is already the biggest exporter inthe US, sending trash as far away as Indiana and Texas. In the European Union, available spacefor new landfills has already vanished, and has sparked huge interest in converting waste intoenergy, thereby solving two problems at the same time6. In the US, a few waste-to-energy(WTE) projects are either being planned or are in pilot scale operation. For thermal energy only,a number of “mass burn” facilities exist which combust trash to produce steam, although theenvironmental suitability of

Conference Session

Installation, Integration, and Development

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Kremer, Ohio University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

predict significantjob opportunities for graduates in the Energy Engineering profession due to energy economicsand the age of the current work force in the field. Surveys of members of the Association ofEnergy Engineers show relatively large numbers nearing retirement, an anticipated growth inemployment opportunities, and overall strong career opportunities(http://www.aeecenter.org/files/reports/2015EnergyManagementJobs.pdf ).At the university level, many graduates of chemical, electrical, mechanical, and otherundergraduate engineering disciplines specialize in energy through technical electives andresearch projects. There are also specialized degree programs, although they are somewhatlimited at the undergraduate level. Penn State’s Energy

Conference Session

Assessment, Course, and Curricular Development

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University; Louise Marianne de Matos Brasil, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

planning tool for a large grain elevator and grain storage facilityAbstract: This work reviews efforts undertaken with funding from a State of Michigan EnergyOffice Student Internship grant. The authors document, review and assesse the major aspects ofthis undergraduate engineering student energy-focused summer internship. These componentsranged from the nature of the RFP and, securing the grant, hiring an undergraduate engineeringstudent, the development of the possible energy usage projection tool developed by the summerintern; and finally the energy usage tool itself and the validation of the tool as used by MichiganAgricultural Commodities, Inc. (MAC) personnel.The student internship efforts capitalizes on previous activities from 2012

Conference Session

Installation, Integration, and Development

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James W. Jones, Ball State University; Janet Fick, Ball State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #17645Developing Sustainable Leaders: Implementing a USGBC LEED R LabTMProgram on CampusDr. James W. Jones, Ball State University Dr. James W. Jones is the Construction Management Program Director and an Associate Professor in Ball State University’s Department of Technology. He has taught in the areas of leadership and construction management for more than 14 years and has more than a decade of experience managing construction projects in both field and office environments.Mrs. Janet Fick, Ball State University Registered Architect LEED AP c American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Automation, Instrumentation, and Computer Simulations

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alamgir A. Choudhury, Western Michigan University; Jorge Rodriguez P.E., Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

powersystems comparable to that of the internal combustion engine, saving the industry $20B per yearand reducing yearly CO2 emissions by 110 MMT. Considering this benefit, industries arelooking for methods to reduce overall energy consumption and maximize the sustainability ofproducts and processes. Achieving this goal is a complex and gradual process and will require adifferent design methodology. Both industry and government bodies have made energy savingand energy efficiency a priority in all future operations. In academia, this awareness is leading tovarious curriculum reform. The National Science Foundation funded various projects to updateengineering curricula for the comprehensive teaching of energy in different undergraduateprograms. The NSF

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Issues in Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

lana El Chaar, Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

demand is among the largest in the region due to financial andtourist projects as well as a growing population. According to Global Insight2, UAE has added24 percent electricity-generating capacity at an annual rate over the last 30 years. Current totalcapacity for electricity production is around 16.7 Gigawatts (GW), but will need to increasefurther considering the 10 percent per year demand rise expected through 2010. Nearly all UAEpower comes from conventional thermal generation. In 2004, consumption reached over 0.45Terrawatt-hours (TWH). By mid-2006 the total capacity for electricity production in the UAEwas 16,220 Megawatts. The demand for electricity in the UAE has been growing at double-digitrates for many years and will continue to do

Conference Session

Renewable Energy in Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omonowo David Momoh, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Electrical Power Project/Service Engineer from 1994 to 2000. His research interests include Electrical Power System Analysis, Electric Machine Drives, Renew- able Energy Technology, and Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics. He is a senior member of IEEE and a member of ASEE. Page 24.388.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014DEVELOPING A RENEWABLE ENERGY COURSE FOR A MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMAbstract:A course on renewable energy has become more of a requirement in MS programs. This is theresult of continuously shrinking global energy resources. The importance of

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Chasnov, Cedarville University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

across campus as part of a faculty research project and inconjunction with an undergraduate course. The project was initiated in order to develop anenergy usage and emissions inventory for the University while at the same offering studentsexposure to the process. Inventory inputs included stationary consumption (burning of naturalgas to supply heat), electricity purchased, campus vehicle usage (gasoline consumption),commuter vehicle usage (faculty and staff only), and transportation and distribution (T&D)expenses. Whereas the student population has increased by only 8% since 2000, the dollaramount budgeted for energy expenses on campus has risen by 50% over the same time period. Emissions from the various energy inputs were analyzed