Conference Session

Spatial Visualization

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick; AJ Hamlin, Michigan Technological University; Norma L. Veurink, Michigan Technological University; Niall Seery, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

about orthographic projection. Studentsurveys and classroom observations were recorded by the teachers.High levels of student motivation were observed during both phases and the studentsevidenced a clear understanding of the picture plane and its relationship with perspectivedrawings. The paper also reports that a number of ergonomic improvements which weremade to the sketching equipment (subsequent to ‘Phase One’) were beneficial and that theseenabled more controlled and reflective exploration of complex geometries. The manner inwhich students completed the activity during both phases of the study varied. Some studentsperformed the exercise in a slow, controlled and reflective manner, resulting in sketcheswhich were precise, with significant

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3: Flipped Classroom

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nathan John Washuta P.E., The Citadel; Patrick Bass, The Citadel; Emily Kate Bierman, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

SWIVL device showing (a) the SWIVL base and USB speaker and (b) the marker While using Zoom through the iPad in the primary means of projecting a view of theinstructor to the students, the projector in each classroom runs on a separate computer and it isoften useful to sign into the Zoom meeting with this computer also. Through this computer, anumber of other in-class technologies can be utilized. The simplest method is to use the ShareScreen feature on Zoom from this computer so that the exact image projected onto the screen inthe classroom is shared at full resolution to remote students, reducing issues with the iPadcamera quality. Alternatively, a separate camera can be connected to this computer for differenttypes of demonstrations

Conference Session

Spatial Ability and Visualization in Graphics Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

hemisphere” visual attributes to reduce theinfluence of the symbolic “left hemisphere” [27].The ability of the cognitive architecture to retrieve information through “distalaccess” [26] of the symbol system, where the processing of one symbol evokes furtherprocessing of other symbolic structures, is significant in terms of teaching andlearning in technology education. The construction of a mechanism or pedagogicstructure to help students maintain, access and transform symbolic structures that arenot immediately driven by sensory input or motor output has significant implicationsand has the potential to transform teaching and learning in areas such as design,problem solving and communication graphics.MethodologyThe approach for this research project

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Robert A. Chin, East Carolina University; Ranjeet Agarwala, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

number of exam items. Competency No. of Items Proportion Professional Drafting Practices in the Workplace-Communications 20 5.00% Drafting Equipment-Media-Reproduction 25 6.25% Architectural Sketching-Orthographic Projection 15 3.75% Lines-Lettering-General Terminology 10 2.50% Mathematics and Geometry 15 3.75% Architectural Products-Styles-History-Identification and Terminology 25 6.25% Site Layout-Identifications and Terminology

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3: Flipped Classroom

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lulu Sun, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

survey was given to understand their learningexperience and collect their feedback. The Next step tasks were related to a final project so thatstudents could build up their understanding and apply their study to an open-ended semester longproject.Gamification applicationGamification, also known as serious games, is the use of game thinking and game mechanismssuch as point-scoring, levels, challenges, leaderboard, or even rewards in a non-game context toengage learners in solving problems [4]–[10]. College students grow up immersed in technology,regularly play video games, have a shorter attention span, and prefer engaged and interactivelearning [11]. It is believed that gamification with careful thought and planning can be a greatway to motivate

Conference Session

Graphics and Visualization

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marty Fitzgerald, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

. This can required in the concept andfunding stages of many projects where you need to show something but the details of the projectare not yet complete. Using your existing modeling and texturing skills, you can generate thistype of imagery in a 3D program.There are an extremely flexible and not overly difficult set of tools for generating NPRrenderings available in Maya. Using these tools and your existing 3D skills, you can generate arange of different looks and styles from your 3D program that can rival traditional artists’concept sketches. These are a very enjoyable set of tools to work with as they are fairly easy tolearn, open to lots of different styles and workflows, and fast to render. And in comparison toother rendering techniques

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore Branoff, North Carolina State University; Eric Wiebe, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

contact and lack of communitybuilding opportunities as reasons why they eventually left the program 1,2.In this current pilot project, we were interested in exploring how a hybrid offering of ourintroductory engineering graphics course might constructively address instructional efficiency,learning flexibility, and student engagement concerns while still delivering an instructionallyeffective course. This initial exploration is part of our ongoing instructional design study lookingat leveraging best-in-class technologies and instructional strategies for effective graphics Page 13.602.2instruction.MethodologyFor this study, three laptop sections of

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Strategies in Engineering Graphics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kellen Maicher, Purdue University; Marvin Sarapin, Purdue University; James Mohler, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

andnatural affinity between U.S. higher education and its ancestral nations overseas. In addition tocountless research projects and other cooperative endeavors, many U.S. schools have maintainedhealthy exchange programs and study-abroad initiatives for the majority of their existence.2These types of programs enjoyed somewhat of a renaissance following World War II, as theexperience of that event brought into light the need for the U.S. and its citizens to adopt a globalmindset. As a result, a variety of sponsored educational initiatives were implemented such as the1946 Fulbright Act, which provided legislation to promote funding for international educationand research through the sale of surplus military equipment.1 The Cold War served to

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3: Spatial Visualization

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Rodriguez P.E., Western Michigan University; Luis Genaro Rodriguez, University of Wisconsin, Waukesha

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

significantdifferences in visualization skills improvement for the two course offering modalities. Table 1. Topics covered on each one of the offered courses. Institution  A ‐ WI  B ‐ MI    Orthographic Projections  S.M. Concepts  Auxiliary Views  Constructive Solid Geometry  Section Views  Constraints  Dimensioning    Orthographic Projections  S.M. Concepts  Auxiliary Views  Constructive Solid Geometry  Section

Conference Session

EDGD: Assessment & Student Learning

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Lelli Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #23172Sketching, Assessment, and Persistence in Spatial Visualization Training Ona TouchscreenProf. Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego Nathan Delson’s interests include mechatronics, biomedical devices, human-machine interfaces, and en- gineering education. He isCo-founder and Past President of Coactive Drive Corp., which develops novel actuators and control methods for use in force feedback human interfaces. Medical device projects include an instrumented mannequin and laryngoscope for expert skill acquisition and airway intubation training. He received his undergraduate degree in mechanical

Conference Session

Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Maria Stavridis, Ohio State University; Lisa Abrams, Ohio State University; Sheryl A. Sorby, Ohio State University; Darryl T Hamamoto, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry; Ken Sigler, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

taught a wide variety of engineering courses in First Year Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at Ohio State. She has received four teaching awards in the last three years at both the College and the Departmental level at OSU.Dr. Sheryl A. Sorby, Ohio State University Dr. Sheryl Sorby is currently a Professor of STEM Education at The Ohio State University and was re- cently a Fulbright Scholar at the Dublin Institute of Technology in Dublin, Ireland. She is a professor emerita of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics at Michigan Technological University and the PI or coPI on more than $9M in grant funding, most for educational projects. She is the former As- sociate Dean for Academic Programs in the College

Conference Session

Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick; Sheryl A. Sorby, Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

of Technology in Dublin, Ireland. She is a professor emerita of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics at Michigan Technological University and the PI or coPI on more than $9M in grant funding, most for educational projects. She is the former As- sociate Dean for Academic Programs in the College of Engineering at Michigan Tech and she served at the National Science Foundataion as a Program Director in the Division of Undrgraduate Education from January 2007 through August 2009. Prior to her appointment as Associate Dean, Dr. Sorby served as chair of the Engineering Fundamentals Department at Michigan Tech. In this capacity, she was responsi- ble for the development and delivery of the newly adopted First

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Dean, Old Dominion University; Moustafa Moustafa, Old Dominion University; Julie Moustafa, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

3 COMM 101R, Public Speaking 3 Gen Ed, Soc ial Sc ience Perspective (S) 3 Page 12.1538.3Figure 1Three course in the first two years are dedicated to drafting and design. Those coursesare:MET 100 – Engineering GraphicsCourse (Catalog) DescriptionLecture 2 hours; laboratory 2 hours; 3 credits. A modern treatment of the basic principlesof engineering drawing, including graphing, orthographic projection, sectional views,multiview drawings, pictorial

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Egoitz Sierra Uria, The University of the Basque Country; Mikel Garmendia Mujika, The University of the Basque Country

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

, Egoitz, 2005)1.The ability to mentally visualize and manipulate objects and situations is an essentialneed in many jobs and careers. It is estimated that at least 84 majors consider thespatial visualization a fundamental need (Smith, 1964) and in technical jobs, such as thedifferent types of engineering, the abilities to visualize are especially important (Maier,1994)2.The third reason that justifies this study is that educators need to continually analyze andinvestigate their own teaching to be more effective educators (Fernando Hernandez,1992) 3.Previous analysis and current situationThe visualization of parts in the multiview projections system, in other words, theinterpretation of views of an object represented by its technical drawing, is

Conference Session

Graphics and Visualization

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Onyancha, University of New Hampshire; Erick Towle, University of New Hampshire; Brad Kinsey, University of New Hampshire

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

training. However, which type of trainingprovides the most beneficial improvements to spatial ability and whether other means would bemore effective, is not known. In this research project, two tools for use in spatial ability trainingwere developed and evaluated. One tool, a Physical Model Rotator (PMR), rotates a physicalmodel of an object in synchronous motion with a model of the same object in CAD software.The other training tool, the Alternative View Screen (AVS), provides the user of CAD softwarewith both a solid model (including shading) and a line version view of the object. Students withpoor spatial ability were identified through standardized testing and they were then trained over afour week period for one hour each week. The

Conference Session

Assessment in Graphics Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Burke, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

experienceexclusively in solid geometric modeling. Through the paradigm of Project Based Learning, ascaffolded approach encouraging student exploration and experimentation was employedacross the study. Page 25.26.2 Figure 1 - Parametric surface modeling Figure 2 - Freeform Polygonal modelingThe choice of software for each task was based on marketing material analysed from a rangeof software and claims on what they are designed to do, in addition to the researcher’sexperience having had success with both for similar design tasks. The parametric surfacemodeling program chosen for the study was SolidWorks 2011. For the

Conference Session

Improving Visualization Skills

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

participants and their selection.The third section will detail the application of the chosen measurement tool and the researchenvironment that the experiment was carried out within. The final section will provide ananalysis of the gathered data and a discussion of the findings in relation to the associatedliterature.Prior to progressing further, it should be noted that the research presented in this paper is anelement of an ongoing research project (Lane et al., 2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c) that is beingcarried out within the confines of Initial Technology Teacher Education (ITTE).2. Measuring Sketching AbilityLiterature concerning the measurement of sketching ability is varied and involves methodssuch as the application of visual mental imagery tasks

Conference Session

Spatial Ability and Visualization in Graphics Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheryl Sorby, Michigan Technological University; Norma Veurink, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2010-617: ARE THE VISUALIZATION SKILLS OF FIRST-YEARENGINEERING STUDENTS CHANGING?Sheryl Sorby, Michigan Technological University Dr. Sheryl Sorby is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics and Director of the Engineering Education and Innovation research group at Michigan Technological University. She recently served as a Program Director within the Division of Undergraduate Education at the National Science Foundation. Her research interests include graphics and visualization. She has been the principal investigator or co-principal investigator on more than $5M in external funding, most from the National Science Foundation for educational projects. She was the

Conference Session

Research in Graphics Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Wiebe; Theodore Branoff; Mark Shreve

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paths to Learning: Understanding how students utilize online instructional resources in an introductory engineering graphics courseABSTRACT This presentation focuses on an ongoing instructional innovation research and development project centered around an introductory engineering graphics course. Over the past few years, the researchers have looked at ways that pedagogical innovations could be used to both improve instruction and do so more efficiently with fewer resources. These goals has led to the creation of pilot sections of the course that are “hybrid”—meeting one day and week and then having students use an online learning management system (i.e., Moodle) for

Conference Session

Design and Graphics Potpourri

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan W. Hartman, Purdue University, Computer Graphics Technology; Mitchell L. Springer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

received his Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Purdue University, his MBA and Doctorate in Adult and Community Education with a Cognate in Exec- utive Development from Ball State University. He is certified as both a Project Management Professional (PMP) and a Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR). Page 22.39.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 A Distance Learning Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) Certificate Program in TechnologyAbstractThe Department of Computer Graphics Technology (CGT) at Purdue University, in

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chen Guo, Purdue University; Yingjie Victor Chen, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Craig L. Miller, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nathan W. Hartman, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amy B. Mueller, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrick E. Connolly, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

View3. Siemens providestwo solutions for visually analyzing the product during its design process. The first one is NXthat uses HD3D Visual Reporting from metadata to help designers understand design issues.With different color-coded tags and “see-through” settings, users can see the inside componentsof 3D models and comprehend data quickly4. With the integration of product views and 2Dsnapshots, Teamcenter’s lifecycle visualization can send CAD data to the stand-alone applicationviewer or the Lifecycle Viewer to provide a complete view of the whole assembly5.Almost all these projects use spreadsheets, basic information diagrams, and tree widgets todisplay the product information. However, very few existing PLM systems adopt

Conference Session

Assessment in Engineering Graphics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi M. Steinhauer, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Therefore, engineeringgraphics faculty must be efficient in their delivery of course material while ensuring that studentsare learning and understanding the key concepts to engineering graphics.In order to enable faculty to identify key areas of student misconceptions in graphics, we havedeveloped a concept inventory for engineering graphics encompassing line-types, isometric andorthographic projection, scaling, section views, auxiliary views, and dimensioning. A conceptinventory is a highly structured standardized test designed to reveal concepts of high importancealong with student misconceptions about a specific body of knowledge. In addition to revealingstudent misunderstandings, concept inventories are now accepted as an assessment tool

Conference Session

Innovative Techniques in Graphics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Wronecki, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

surface from pulling out withthe handle. In Maya 7, the ability to crease polygon surfaces edges has been added. Polygonmode surface edges can also be manually subdivided with the Split Polygon tool. However,manual splitting of polygons tends to distort the topology of the smooth polygon surface mesh.Car Windows and Doors Image 4: Perspective ViewTo create windows and doors for the car,flat 2D NURBS curves were created bytracing orthographic views onto the X, Y,and Z planes. With the flat 3D windowand door curves were projected onto the3D car surface to create curves on surface(cos). However, since curves can only beprojected onto NURBS surfaces, thesubdivision surface was converted to aNURBS surface for final detail

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hannah Dawes Budinoff, Pima Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

givenapproximately three assignments throughout the semester that required them to sketchorthographic projections and isometric views of objects. These assignments were designed tohelp improve spatial visualization ability. However, the class was generally focused on 3Dmodeling skills and SolidWorks operation, and not on spatial visualization ability.A survey was also administered to assess self-efficacy and to ask the students about how helpfulthey found the different learning activities in the course. We measured self-efficacy regarding 3Dgraphics topics using the three-dimensional modeling self-efficacy scale described by Densenand Kelly [21]. We will refer to this scale as the 3DM-SES in this paper. Agreement on eachitem of the nine items of this survey

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 2: VR, AR, and CAD

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ashayla Williams; Magesh Chandramouli, Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

, New Zealand, 2016, pp. 571-571.Brandão, J., P. Cunha, José Vasconcelos, V. Carvalho and F. Soares.(2015). An Augmented Reality GameBook for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders,ICELW, New York, NY.Chandramouli, M., & Heffron, J. (2015). A desktop VR-based HCI framework for programming instruction. In 2015 IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (pp. 129-134). IEEE.Chandramouli, M., Takahashi, G., & Bertoline, G. R. (2014). Desktop VR centered project based learning in ET courses using a low-cost portable VR system. In Proceedings of the American Society of Engineering Education. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2021 2021 ASEE Southeast

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 1 - Current Issues

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi-hsiang Isaac Chang, Illinois State University; Kevin L. Devine, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Shah.Reference[1] G. K. Chung, T. C. Harmon, and E. L. Baker, “The impact of a simulation-based learning design project on student learning,” IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 390–398, 2001.[2] L. Davidovitch, A. Parush, and A. Shtub, “Simulation-based learning in engineering education: Performance and transfer in learning project management,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 289–299, 2006.[3] M. Ronen and M. Eliahu, “Simulation — a bridge between theory and reality: the case of electric circuits,” J. Comput. Assist. Learn., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 14–26, Mar. 2000.[4] F. Lateef, “Simulation-based learning: Just like the real thing,” J. Emerg. Trauma Shock, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 348, 2010.[5] C. Cruz-Neira, D. J. Sandin, T. A. DeFanti

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lukas W. DiBeneditto, Purdue University, New Albany; Rustin Webster, Purdue University, New Albany

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

immersive virtual learning environments for educational training purposes. Furthermore, Dr. Webster has received vari- ous professional certifications from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, SOLIDWORKS, the Project Management Institute, and NACE International. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 CADcompare™: A Web-based Application that Compares PDF CAD DrawingsAbstractThis work in progress describes the development of a web application titled CADcompare™,which automatically compares, displays, and highlights differences in Portable Document Format(PDF) files of computer-aided design (CAD) drawings and is specifically designed to

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3 - Spatial Visualization Topics

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Lelli Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego; Elizabeth Rose Cowan, eGrove Education Inc.; Bob Mihelich, McHenry County College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #27446Mini-Hints for Improved Spatial Visualization TrainingProf. Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego Nathan Delson’s interests include mechatronics, biomedical devices, human-machine interfaces, and en- gineering education. He isCo-founder and Past President of Coactive Drive Corp., which develops novel actuators and control methods for use in force feedback human interfaces. Medical device projects include an instrumented mannequin and laryngoscope for expert skill acquisition and airway intubation training. He received his undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering from the University of

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3 - Spatial Visualization Topics

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lelli Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego; Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Elizabeth Rose Cowan, Spatial Vis & Spatial Kids

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #27617Freehand Sketching on Smartphones for Teaching Spatial VisualizationDr. Lelli Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego Van Den Einde is a Teaching Professor in Structural Engineering at UC San Diego and the President of eGrove Education, Inc. She incorporates education innovations into courses (Peer Instruction, Project- based learning), prepares next generation faculty, advises student organizations, hears cases of academic misconduct, is responsible for ABET, and is committed to fostering a supportive environment for di- verse students. Her research focuses on engagement strategies for large

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Murad Musa Mahmoud, Utah State University; Kurt Henry Becker, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Engineering Education Research (CEER) which examines innovative and effective engineering education practices as well as classroom technologies that advance learning and teaching in engineering. He is also working on National Science Foundation (NSF) funded projects exploring engineering design thinking. His areas of research include engineering design thinking, adult learning cognition, engineering education professional development and technical training. He has extensive international experience working on technical training and engineering educaton projects funded by the Asian Development Bank, World Bank, and U.S. Department of Labor, USAID. Countries where he has worked include Armenia, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China