Conference Session

Advances in CAD with Emphasis on Dimensioning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leonardo A. Bueno, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

issue couldbe resolved work starts. In addition, the formative quality of the feedback would allow thestudent to develop a solution properly addressing the requirements of their design.1With the milestone format, it is expected that first-year students would be able to applydimensioning with a greater degree of accuracy, as they would now possess detailed knowledgeof the product and its complexities. That deeper understanding is necessary to apply critical tofind the appropriate solutions in any skill-based learning situation.2ApproachMilestones were initially used as a guide for the final project in the Summer 2013. The fourmilestones were: 1. Proposal of the product to be designed, to include a small set of hand drawings and

Conference Session

Advances in CAD with Emphasis on Dimensioning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norma L. Veurink, Michigan Technological University; Gretchen L. Hein, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

the materials and size of the object.Most of the time dimensioning is taught based on the modeling package or the textbook being Page 24.913.2utilized. There are two typical methods of dimensioning. One is based on a universal standard,like ASME Y14.5-2009, where the rules for dimensioning parts and tolerances are outlined forstudents and practitioners. This method is primarily used when specifying a specificmanufactured part and is not used in the construction industry.1 In the construction industry,dimensioning emphasizes the structural features of the object and typically, tolerancing is notused.2 For both methods, the overall size of the

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy V Ernst, Virginia Tech; Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

three lines. The directions of the PSVT-VOR test instructed the students to study how the key object in the top line of the Page 24.982.3question is rotated, and from among the five response options select the one thatcorresponds to the rotation of the depicted key object10. The PSVT battery provides avalid measure of cognitive abilities10.The second instrument relied on rotational sequences of acquainted consumer/householdobjects to construct a metric for object familiarity (see Figure 1 for PSVT-VOR andPSVT comparison). Images of these objects were captured in parallel format to theestablished PSVT item sequences and response choices. A single key

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University; Modris Dobelis, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

, structure, accuracy, robustness, andcreativity to assess students’ models 21. In a comparison of manual and online grading of solidmodels, Ault & Fraser evaluated models based on the following characteristics: correctgeometry, appropriate choice and order of features, proper location of origin, proper vieworientation, use diameter and radius dimensions correctly, correct hole placement, use ofreference geometry for dependent features, and general modeling strategy 1. Baxter and Guercideveloped an automated grader for solid models. Their system allowed the instructor todetermine exactly which constraint-based attributes were present in the student’s file, but they donot offer a specific rubric to follow 2, 3. More recently, studies have been

Conference Session

Advances in CAD with Emphasis on Dimensioning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holly K. Ault Ph.D., Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Linjun Bu; Kejiang Liu, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

were eachconsidered separately in the modeling strategy comparison, and there was no need to considerthe complexity of the part itself.Another measure of complexity could be the number of parameters or dimensions in the model.However, as noted previously, some dimensional constraints could be replaced with geometricconstraints on the same part, depending on the design intent. Kirstukas25 demonstrates this withtwo different versions of the same part, one of which has eight dimensions and the other nine, asseen in Figure 1. Other non-numeric feature parameters might include such characteristics as theterminal conditions for protrusions and holes. Figure 1. Part with different dimensioning schemes and parameter count (Kirstukas25)Datum

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter F. Kelly Jr., North Carolina State University; Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

three identified tests, the measurement of spatial ability between noviceand experienced spatial ability learners, and recommendations for further research. Thecorrelation results were positive between spatial tests although varied in correlation strength(strength of linear association). These results are similar to other reported correlation findings.The spatial learner results show experienced learners have higher spatial ability scores on thethree spatial ability tests than novice learners. It is the hope of the researchers that this study willstart the inquiry into which visualization tests are best used in determining visual capabilities forstudents taking our classes.IntroductionIn Theories of Human Communications, Littlejohn and Foss 1

Conference Session

Learning styles affect on students in graphic and design courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy V Ernst, Virginia Tech; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

graphics class at a major university. The questionnaireindicates whether a person prefers one or multi-modal learning methods that include (V)visual,(A)aural, (R)read/write, and (K)kinesthetic. A demographic instrument was employed to gatherdata that assisted in classifying students as being at-risk of leaving college or not at-risk. Theresearchers used the Fisher exact test to analyze the collected data. The Fisher exact test is mostcommonly applied to evaluation of a hypothesis with data framed in a 2x2 contingency tablewhere chi-square assumptions are not individually met.1 The null hypotheses are evaluatedbased on the probability of determining a collection of “observed frequencies even moreextreme” than the set summarized in the contingency

Conference Session

Visualization tools and uses in graphics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathy Schmidt Jackson, The Schreyer Institute for Teaching Excellence; Conrad Tucker, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

solutions is dependent upon their ability to manipulate objects (either physically orvirtually). In this paper, we offer preliminary evidence on the comparison of tactile to virtuallearning as perceived by our students and share instructional issues that students feel either helpor hinder their ability to learn.1 IntroductionGiven that there are numerous ways to define engineering design, it follows that there are manypedagogical approaches to teaching design. While most agree that “design, above all else,defines the difference between an engineering education and a science education” 1, design Page 23.1105.2experiences in the curriculum are

Conference Session

Visualization tools, modeling abilities and grading models

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hosein Atharifar, Millersville University of Pennsylvania; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; James Richard Knapp Sr., Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

curricula for drafters and design engineers were best fit for their jobfunctions.CADD software has been continuously evolving; the engineering design process has becomelean in the sense that many stages of the design and development can be accomplished with asingle CADD software that can be set up on a single pc station. Figure 1, for example,demonstrates different capabilities exist in Creo Parametric software. Page 23.1121.3 Figure 1 – Engineering design stages covered in Creo Parametric CAD software 2As depicted in Figure 1, many stages of

Conference Session

Using graphics in the rest of the engineering courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ananda Mani Paudel, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Jane M. Fraser, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

in sustainability learning and an increase in interestin sustainability. A similar approach could be used in other engineering programs withmodifications depending upon the students’ learning styles and educational background.1. Sustainability, Design and Engineering EducationThe World Commission on Environment and Development defines sustainable development as:“development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of futuregenerations to meet their own needs”1. The US Environmental Protection Agency proposed a P3Model: People, Planet and Prosperity2, which gives the engineering professionals a majorresponsibility in promoting the well being of the planet by maintaining the ecology andenvironment. David Orr

Conference Session

Visualization tools, modeling abilities and grading models

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore J. Branoff, North Carolina State University; Modris Dobelis, Riga Technical University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

students’ ability to create solid models when givenan assembly drawing and their spatial visualization ability. Students were administered thePSVT:R and the MCT and were then given an assembly drawing and asked to model as many ofthe seven parts as possible during a 110 minute class period. The parts in the assembly ranged incomplexity from a ball to a valve body. Students were given a ruler to measure parts on the B-size drawing and determine sizes of features based on the given scale (2:1). Relationships wereexamined between the PSVT:R, MCT, modeling activity, final project and the final exam. Thispaper will present the results of this study and discuss implications for future research.IntroductionWith the reduced amount of instructional time

Conference Session

Visualization tools and uses in graphics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melchor Garcia Dominguez, Universidad de Las palmas de Gran Canaria; Jorge Martin-Gutierrez, Universidad de La Laguna; Cristina Roca, University of Las Plamas de Gran Canaria

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

this virtual world we have used 3D design programsand their VRML export abilities.The didactic material is made up of forty exercises that were created and distributed in threelevels of increasing difficulty, which are quite similar to those used in pre-university education(figures 1- 4).The exercises, based on VR, are uploaded to a web platform called Draw Help System (DHS).When an exercise is selected, the application shows a piece in the virtual environment that allowsits manipulation (movement, rotation or change of position etc.) so the user can become aware ofall its details. Page 23.1253.5 Figure 1. Basic level’s piece Figure 2

Conference Session

Assessment Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore J. Branoff, Illinois State University; Kevin L Devine, Illinois State University; Josh Brown, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

accurately and consistently evaluating students’ modelingstrategies. Some of these methods include using concise rubrics for evaluating models 1-6,developing activities where students can evaluate their own models 7, and using automatedelectronic evaluation tools 8-9. One of the main challenges has been developing a method thatclearly informs students about how their models will be evaluated, is a valid and reliable tool forassessing design intent, and allows faculty to evaluate models in a timely and consistent manner.Rubrics have been shown to provide reliable scoring of performance and have the potential topromote learning and/or improve instruction 10. The main purpose of the rubric used forevaluating the models in this study was to create a

Conference Session

CAD Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ibrahim F. Zeid, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Creo provideproduct simulation, synthesis, and verification [1]. CAD/CAM systems enable designers to create parts and assemble them to testtheir design concepts, all virtually before production [2 - 4].There are two main approaches to create CAD assemblies using commercial CAD/CAM systems: bottom-up or top-down. Thebottom-up approach [4] is more intuitive and therefore more commonly used. This is the traditional approach. We follow three steps tocreate assemblies using the bottom-up approach: (1) create the parts, (2) insert them into an assembly model, and (3) use mates toassemble the parts. This approach is more useful for small assemblies consisting of hundred or thousand components [5].The top-down approach [5] is also known as in-context

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luz Adriana Amaya-Bower, Central Connecticut State University; Steven Joseph Kirstukas, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

format and also used the tutorial videos. In both cases, access tothe tutorial videos has significantly improved the experience of the students in the class.Regarding student performance, the students in the flipped classroom had much greater changesin performance relative to those in the standard classroom.1 IntroductionToday there are hundreds of different CAD software programs used across multiple disciplines.The possibilities for design, manufacturing, and analysis are limitless. Engineering students aregenerally exposed to at least one CAD software as part of their core curriculum. At thisinstitution, Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Technology students are introduced to 3DCAD in a 200-level class. The historical format of this

Conference Session

CAD Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edwin M. Odom, University of Idaho, Moscow; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

substantially finished the first two years earning no more that three grades of D or Fwhile earning better than a grade of C in five courses. Once certified, students can begin thejunior year with its emphasis on Mechanical Engineering courses. One thread of the junior year,is a two-semester sequence, taught once a year, on the topics of intermediate mechanics ofmaterials (fall semester) and machine component design (spring semester). The text used is acustom printing of the Shigley and Mischke 5th edition Mechanical Engineering Design[1] (manystudents find the original online). The first semester covers analytical mechanics while thesecond semester covers applied mechanics. A result of teaching a junior level 2-semestersequence once a year, is that it

Conference Session

Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University; So Yoon Yoon, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

computer-aideddesign (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer-aided engineering (CAE)analysis tools; these tools are ubiquitous in the modern engineering environment 1. As companiesmove towards the model based enterprise (MBE), the ability to fluidly use these tools willbecome more important 2. In the MBE, the model is at the core of improving developmentprocess efficiency. Spatial visualization is a critical skill for interacting and engaging in theseCAx tools. Over two decades ago, Norman3 noted the importance of spatial visualization abilityin computer-based technology.Mohler’s 4 comprehensive review of spatial visualization research shows that for the vastmajority of the history of the field, spatial visualization was examined

Conference Session

Topics Related To Engineering Design Graphics Division

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vimal Viswanathan, Tuskegee University; Maria Calhoun, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

with 30 questions and tests students’ ability tomentally rotate three-dimensional objects represented on a two-dimensional surface. Figure 1shows an example of the tasks involved in PVT. A typical task provides an example of mentalrotation and then directs the student to identify a similar rotation for a given object. The timelimit for PVT is 20 minutes and students are required to complete all the tasks within this time. Astudent with an excellent SV skill can complete all the 30 tasks within the given 20 minutes,whereas one with very poor SV skill may struggle on the tasks. Figure 1. A sample task from Purdue Spatial Visualization of Rotations TestEngineering Graphics Course at Tuskegee University The engineering graphics

Conference Session

Spatial Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan G. Dimitriu, San Antonio College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

skill for communication throughgraphics. It has been defined as “the ability to mentally imagine, understand, rotate, andmanipulate geometric objects” (1-3). Spatial skills are very important for a large variety ofcareers. In 1964 Smith 4) identified at least 84 career areas for which spatial skills are important.Studies have also shown that spatial visualization skills are a strong predictor of the success andconfidence of engineering students (5-9). A 2010 report on the role of women in STEM fieldsidentifies spatial visualization skills as important for the success of women students in STEM-related fields (10). The report also presents findings that women and underrepresented minoritiesin STEM have comparatively lower spatial visualization

Conference Session

Assessment Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richelle Fosu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Karthik Sukumar, Purdue University; Patrick E. Connolly, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

first week of classes – prior tothe onset of any formal lessons related to spatial visualization in the class.The students comprised of 51 Freshmen (26%), 128 Sophomores (67%) and 13 Juniors (7%),and were primarily from construction related majors – i.e., 73 Civil Engineering (38%), 66Building Construction Management Technology (34%), 35 Construction EngineeringManagement (18%) - as well as 13 First Year Engineering students (7%), as depicted in figure 1.The remaining participants were undecided at the time of the study. Fig 1. Distribution of student year of study by majorThere were 43 females out of the 192 participants; as well as 28 participants out of the 192 whoreported having prior experience with spatial

Conference Session

Topics Related To Engineering Design Graphics Division

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward E. Osakue, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

was developed [1]. In 1963, Ivan Sutherland, formulated the theoreticalbasis for CAD graphics in his Ph.D. thesis titled “Sketch Pad”[1, 2]. He demonstrated thatgraphic entities could be interactively picked on the computer screen using a light pen. This wasthe beginning of interactive computer graphics in engineering as it gave birth to the developmentof techniques for representing images in digital form. During the 1970s, commercial applicationsof CAD in 2D Drafting started. 2D CAD drawings consist of lines and arcs and are thuswireframe graphic models.Initially, the CAD systems could only be run on large computer systems (mainframes andminicomputers) because of the memory size requirements for the computations, connections, andstorage of

Conference Session

Something New??? within Engineering Design Graphics Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Daniel Kostar, Daniel Webster College; John Glossner, Daniel Webster College; Linda Marquis, Daniel Webster College; Nicholas Bertozzi, Daniel Webster College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

extensions forboth course-level and program-level assessment discussed.ACAT course-level assessment overviewThe Learning Management System (LMS) used by DWC is the open source Moodle12 LMS. It Page 26.513.3allows external programs to access its database (e.g., grade book data). Before summarizingcourse-level assessment functionality of the ACAT software, its revised interface is discussed.Since its inception, the ACAT software has evolved to include program- level assessmentfeatures. As such, Figure 1 shows a screen shot of the revised main interface indicating theadvanced capabilities (program-level assessment) and distinct Instructor/Dean functionality

Conference Session

Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Serdar Tumkor, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown; Roelof Harm de Vries, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

) two dimensional (2D) CAD drawing, and (iii) three dimensional (3D) CAD drawing.Students were pre- and post-tested using a standard mental rotation test to gauge spatialvisualization ability and results are discussed for three sections of this course.1. IntroductionAll engineering technology students are required to take the engineering drawing course in theirfreshmen year. It is designed to teach principals of drawing and 2D/3D CAD modellingtechniques. Descriptive geometry is a part of this course and fundamental for each creativeactivity of prospective engineers. It provides object visualization, spatial cognition of problems,geometric reasoning, and graphic representation of ideas.Traditionally engineering students are expected to read

Conference Session

Topics Related To Engineering Design Graphics Division

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy E. Study, Pennsylvania State University, Erie

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

mechanical parts. There is one fifty minute lecture each week, alongwith two one hour and fifty minute lab periods.During the 15 week semester, the first five weeks contain no CAD work and coursework focuseson sketching techniques, multiview projection, isometric views, and dimensioning. The rest ofthe semester includes both sketching and CAD work and covers additional topics of auxiliaryand section views, extrusions and revolutions, sweeps, detail drawings, and assemblies. At theend of the semester the students are required to submit a final project that includes an explodedassembly and a full set of detail drawings. An example of the exploded assembly drawing(Figure 1) and a page of detail drawings (Figure 2) from the Fall 14 final project are

Conference Session

Spatial Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norma L. Veurink, Michigan Technological University; Amy J. Hamlin, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

been assessed through the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations(PSVT:R) developed by Guay8 since 1993. Students scoring 60% or below on the PSVT:R havebeen encouraged or required to take a spatial visualization training course since that time. From1993 through 1999, Michigan Tech operated on the quarter system and the spatial training coursewas offered as a 3-credit, 10 week course that met for two 1 - hour lectures and two hours of labeach week9. The course utilized hands on construction activities, paper and pencil sketchingactivities, and solid modeling activities that corresponded to the course topics. In the fall of2000, Michigan Tech converted to the semester system and from 2000 to 2002, the spatialtraining course was offered as

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nazmun Nahar, Utah State University; Benjamin James Call, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Wade H Goodridge, Utah State University; John Devitry, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

ApproachIntroduction Creativity remained a relatively neglected topic in research until J.P. Guilford proposed apsychometric approach in 1950 to study creative thinking in a population that is not exclusive toartists or scientists. [1] Creativity is important in engineering because of the “growing scope ofchallenges ahead and the complexity and diversity of 21st century technologies.” [2] Despite theincreasing demand of creative thinking in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM), business, agriculture, global market and economy, not much has been done to develop acreativity-enhanced curriculum in institutional education. [3] One of the main reasons behind thisis the diversity of definitions and criteria for creativity that makes it

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Pucha, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tristan T Utschig, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sunni Haag Newton, Georgia Institute of Technology; Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Caroline R. Noyes, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

describe a set of methods which can be used to help students’creative processes when developing engineering conceptual design solutions. Second,the paper provides student perceptions about the impact of using UnTiED ideationmethods in addition to conventional and structured ideation methods in an engineeringgraphics course setting. Third, we explore how complex, time-intensive, research-basedassessment instruments to measure creativity can be to grade students’ creative work in asingle instructor’s course. These contributions emerged from two basic researchquestions: (1) What are students’ perceptions about the use of specific practices to foster ideation as a part of the conceptual design process? (2) How can an instructor in an

Conference Session

Assessment Within Engineering Design Graphics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Joseph Kirstukas, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

plays a limited role in engineeringdesign. Various different strategies can create acceptable solid models. For example, somethingas simple as a washer can be modeled by 1) extruding two concentric circles, or 2) revolving arectangle about an axis.When the modeled part is complex and utilizes multiple constrained sketches, extrudes, revolves,holes, mirrored features, patterned features, etc., many of which may depend on one another,evaluating the quality of the model becomes a time-consuming task1 and one that can be affectedby fatigue and influenced by subjectivity. It is important that the model not just reproduce therequired geometrical shape and size but that it be changeable in the future in a manner thathonors the design intent2. Because

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning Within Engineering Design Graphics I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tumkor Serdar, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

projects the model in front of thestudents’ eyes, allowing them to see the three dimensional representation of the objects while alsoallowing them to imagine, analyze, and sketch the necessary views. The stereographic model viewsare displayed in MR by using the Moverio see-through glasses or the Google Cardboard. This MRsupported learning material in an engineering drawing course is reported and student success isstudied by using pre- and post-mental rotation tests.1. IntroductionGeometry visualization is an essential skill for prospective engineers to possess when entering thefield. All engineering technology students are required to take the engineering drawing course intheir freshmen year in order to learn principals of drawing and 2D/3D CAD

Conference Session

Something New??? within Engineering Design Graphics Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore J. Branoff, Illinois State University; Kevin L Devine, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

classroom 1.During the early 1900s, the study of learning theory became prevalent after formal schooling hadbeen developed. Popular theories include operant conditioning – Skinner; information processingtheories – Anderson, Paivio, etc.; metacognition; cognitive-development theory – Piaget;cultural-historical theory – Vygotsky; and social-cognitive theory – Bandura 5. This paper willfocus on how Vygotsky’s cultural-historical learning theory can be used to explain the ways ofknowing within engineering graphics education.Vygotsky was mainly concerned with how human development was influenced by political andsocial systems 1. He believed that an individual’s behavior is the result of two different processesof mental development: the biological