Conference Session

Novel Teaching Methods In Engineering Technology

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claude Villiers, Florida Gulf Coast University; Carlin J McFarlane, Florida Gulf Coast University; Patricia O'Connor-Benson, Florida Gulf Coast University; Thomas Patrick Felke MSW, PhD, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Variability of Pavement Materials, Quality Control/Quality Assurance, Pavement Management and Rehabilitation, and Statistics related to Pavement Materials. In the past, Dr. Villiers worked on several projects sponsored by various agencies including the Florida Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and University Transportation Research Center Region-II. Some of his most recently completed and on-going work include the use of driving simulator to investigate patterns of drivers’ behavior during various rainfall event using different roadway geometries. Deliverables from this project may help Florida Department of Transportation and other agencies with future decision making, such as variable message

Conference Session

Subjects in Renewable Energy and Sustainability in ET

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyril B Okhio P.E., Kennesaw State University; Florian Misoc, Southern Polytechnic College of Engr and Engr Tech; Austin B. Asgill, Kennesaw State University; Aarick Aroz Zaman; Jarred Lee Prince; Olajimi Mark; Brion Allen Daffinson, Southern Polytechnic State University; Olugbemiga Olatidoye, Clark Atlanta University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Testing Laboratory for ALMComponents (DoE-NNSA) • Development of Bio-Mechatronics Research Laboratory • Organizing to es-tablish CAU as a USGBC-LEED Lab in the S.E. region • Design and development of a multi-disciplinaryEco-Entrepreneurship Program Curriculum SELECTED DESIGN PROJECTS 1. Experimental Investi-gation of the Mechanical Properties of Bone. 2. Design and Development of Bio-Compatibility Index for c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Paper ID #14450 Bio-Materials. 3. Experimental Ultra-low Speed Wind Energy Investigation for Modular Applications. 4. Studies on Sustainability, Recyclability &

Conference Session

Hands-on Active Learning

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammed Taqiuddin Taher, DeVry University, Addison; Ahmed S. Khan, DeVry University, Addison

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

years of academic experience. He taught courses in Engineering, Computer Science, and Networking. Presently he is teaching courses in Cisco, Microsoft, UNIX, Data Communi- cations, and Emerging Technologies. Dr. Taher began his career as a Project Engineer for Zenith Data Systems Company. He worked at Benton Harbor Plant in Michigan for 2 years. Professor Taher is a member of IEEE and ASEE.Dr. Ahmed S. Khan, DeVry University, Addison Dr. Ahmed S. Khan is a Senior Professor in the College of Engineering and Information Sciences at DeVry University, Addison, Illinois. Dr. Khan has more than thirty-two years of experience in research, instruction, curricula design and development, program evaluation and

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technology Education II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed S. Khan, DeVry University - Addison; Aminul Karim, Higher Educational Consultant

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

U.S. statesand 57 countries. The intent of the survey was to gauge the status of professionaldevelopment activities vis-a-vis faculty technical currency at personal, departmental, andinstitutional levels in the domains of engineering technology. The survey also exploresfaculty input regarding the importance of technical currency and its relationship tostudent learning and success. Finally, the paper compares the current status of facultyscholarship vis-à-vis faculty technical currency to the results obtained through earlierstudies (2003, 2007 & 2013). I. IntroductionThe purpose of project was to explore faculty perceptions of the importance and currentstatus of faculty technical currency for effective teaching. A survey was conducted

Conference Session

Industrial Technology/Industrial Engineering Technology Forum

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Stier, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering Management exist which include supply chainmanagement related content9-12. The very first of these programs began to be offered in the early Page 13.1118.21990s and in some cases have been revised since then. Some Engineering ManagementPrograms were designed as interdisciplinary degrees between business and engineering schools13. As manufacturing has continued to move off-shore since the beginning of these programs therequirements and content emphasis has shifted and in several cases included more on supplychain management. A few programs have moved in the direction of offering modules withspecializations in such areas as project and

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Wise, Pennsylvania State University; Dhaneshwar Lall, Pennsylvania State University; Dhushy Sathianathan, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, i.e. specific homework problem or specific lab project. (Figure 1.) The evidence section is most critical to effective assessment, as it controls against a “Lake Woebegone” effect in which all of the students are seen as “above average”. Faculty are required to provide justification for their ratings.Figure 1. Faculty Assessment of Student Performance 2. Faculty Perception. Faculty are presented with a list of the course-level outcomes for their course, and asked to rate the overall effectiveness of the course in helping the students to meet the outcomes. They are given the opportunity to reflect on successes and shortcomings, identify equipment needs and constraints, and otherwise record their

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara L Christe, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Steven J. Yelton P.E., Cincinnati State Technical and Community College; Roger Bowles, Texas State Technical College, Waco

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

harmonize academic programs. This extensive project will offer a set ofvoluntary guidelines that be used by institutions to develop course content and prepare studentsfor national certification. Combined with an overarching discipline name, hospital and industryemployers hope to better evaluate programs and graduates.1 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). (2011). What is a BMET? Retrieved fromhttp://www.aami.org/resources/BMET/whatis.html2 ABET. (2012). Accredited Programs Search. Retrieved fromhttp://main.abet.org/aps/Accreditedprogramsearch.aspx3 ABET. (2012). ABET Member Societies. Retrieved from http://www.abet.org/abet-member-societies/4 BMES. (2012). About BMES. Retrieved from http://www.bmes.org/aws/BMES/pt

Conference Session

Alternate Energy

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Santiago; Hazem Tawfik; Yeong Ryu; Kamel El-Khatib; Devinder Mahajan

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

ourfuture work.Impact in Engineering Technology EducationEmerging technologies such as those involving alternate forms of energy are expected to play amajor role in modern engineering technology curricula. The results presented in this paperinvolve expertise from multidisciplinary teams in our school of engineering technology; inparticular, technology of fuel cells, control systems, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, andsoftware applications. Major parts of this work were performed as student projects by the firstauthor who is a student in the school of engineering technology. Namely the student wasinvolved in setting up the fuel cell system, developing code for control algorithm and dataacquisition, and running the experiments at Brookhaven National

Conference Session

Curriculum in Telecommunications Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veeramuthu Rajaravivarma

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

sends critical information within thehospital premises. There is still wide scope future expansion of this project in the medicalfield. For example, other vital parameters of the patient such as blood pressure andtemperature can be sent remotely to the nurse desk or directly to the doctor’s computer tomonitor the patient’s health condition any time.Bibliography1. K.J. Ayala, “The 8051 Microcontroller “, 3rd Edition, Microcontrollers Pros Corporation, 2004.2. Single –Chip Low Cost Low Power RF Transceiver CC1100 Data Sheet, Texas Instruments, http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/cc1100.html, May 2009.3. Atmel AT89S8253 is an 8051 based Full Static CMOS controller Data Sheet, Atmel Corporation, http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources

Conference Session

Recruiting, Retention, and Diversity in Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael D. Rudisill, Northern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

control centers,relay and control products and engineering services for industries and utilities nationwide as wellas for the Department of Defense.M.J. Electric (electrical contractor) specializes in electrical and instrumentation construction andmaintenance. M. J. Electric provides an experienced technical and professional managementteam capable of directing the electrical/instrumentation effort from project concept throughcompletion. M. J. Electric serves customers nationwide through these operating divisions:Industrial, Power & Controls Division, Utility Division and Program Management Organization.Several other entities operating in the electrical power sector also participate to includeOntonagan County Rural Electrification Association

Conference Session

Novel Teaching Methods In Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward E. Osakue, Texas Southern University; Jonathan J. Lewis, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

standards are popular in the engineering andtechnological communities. Because English units system is used in training the vast majority ofour engineers, technologists, and technicians, they are probably ill equipped for the global stagewhere the SI units system is the measurement language of trade and science. For instance, whencompanies from different countries work on the same technical project(s), the use of a commonunit of measure is necessary. Since the SI units system is international, this is often the preferredchoice. According to Euler [5], all new USA standards (ASTM, ANSI, SAE, IEEE, ASME, etc.)are now written in metric. This is because, the lead engineers in these organizations recognizethe importance of trying to get the USA on track

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramin Sadeghi, Power & Water University of Technology; Saeid Moslehpour, University of Hartford; Mark Rajai, Northern Kentucky University; Robert Matthews, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

designed,implemented and supported properly. Although this article cannot go into depthregarding all the issues that need to be taken into account, the following list highlights themajor issues that need to be addressed. 1) Establish a team of individuals to create a strategic plan for the design, implementation and evaluation of the e-Health network. This team will oversee and managing the initial rollout of the project (includes everything listed below, plus manage the budget). 2) Review the previous e-Health activities that have occurred in your region, country and other similar locations. Learn from their successes and mistakes. 3) Conduct a resource inventory. This includes an inventory of any current e-Health

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Denton, Purdue University; Joseph Fuehne, Purdue University-Columbus; Henry Kraebber, Purdue University; Timothy Cooley, Purdue University-New Albany; Joseph Dues, Purdue University-New Albany

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, but the relatively smallnumbers involved makes this a manageable task. Surveys regarding ethics, lifelonglearning and other topics of current students will also continue on an annual basis.At the New Albany campus, three levels of assessment were defined for feedback on fiveprogram outcomes. Level 1 assessment is done within individual classes and use variousmeasures of student work related to Program Outcomes, including written reports, oralpresentations, homework and project assignments, and test questions. The instructordetermines the metric and compliance standard and is responsible for implementing allpotential improvements. Level 2 assessments evaluate student growth and overallcompliance with program outcomes using Core Learning

Conference Session

Multimedia and Distance Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeid Moslehpour, University of Hartford; Ramin Sadeghi, Power & Water University of Technology; Jonathan Hill, University of Hartford; Akram Abu-aisheh, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Macromedia Captivate – published in February ‘05 -that supports both SCORM 1.2 and SCORM 2006 ).In this paper our attention is focused on the LO structure in order to permit packaging and Page 12.442.4exchanges from LMS to LMS. Therefore we concentrate on the Content Aggregation Model(CAM)8 and the related aspects of Content Model, Meta-data and Content Packaging.SCX 2004: SCORM 2004-Compliant X-PresenterSCX 2004 is based on X-Presenter9, an authoring tool for real-time creation of LOs startingfrom live lessons, lectures and conferences. X-Presenter has been developed by a joint effortof the University of Lecce and Alba Project s.r.l.. X-Presenter allows

Conference Session

Non-Technical Skills in ET

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jung Oh, Kansas State University-Salina; Alysia Starkey, Kansas State University-Salina; Beverlee Kissick, Kansas State University-Salina

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

process has evolved around interdependent overallpedagogical goals of each contributing unit (course instructor, librarian, and writingcenter staff). Student learning outcomes are assessed using the pre-writing inventionsheet, report draft and the revised report on the learning process. The collaborators haverefined the project process, the assignment guidelines, and the grading rubric based onreflective dialogues. For example, a librarian constructed a tailored chemistry sectionguide on the library web site to ensure students’ initial navigation stemmed from reliableresources. Base on collaborators’ reflective dialogues, the course instructor revised thestudent assignment guidelines and developed a pre-writing invention worksheet; a formatwhich

Conference Session

Electromechanical Curricula

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Delton Martin, Pennsylvania State University-Berks; Dale Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University-Berks

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

investigatedas part of an independent undergraduate student research project in Electro-MechanicalEngineering Technology. In particular, vehicles in which the passengers are often required tostand while the vehicle is moving were studied. These vehicles include city buses and subwaytrains. Vehicle acceleration, either positive or negative (braking), and the time rate of change ofacceleration, jerk, can have a significant impact on the safety and comfort of passengers. Theeffects of acceleration and jerk are especially troublesome for passengers that either choose tostand or must stand in the vehicle because no empty seats are available. A standing passengerhas a higher center of mass and smaller base footprint than one that is seated. The

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

HongLi Luo, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

applications ≠ Know the fundamental lossless compression and lossy compression techniques ≠ Know the current image compression and video compression standards ≠ Know the basic technologies in designing adaptive multimedia applications ≠ Know the different protocols for multimedia transmission ≠ Write a simple Internet networking application using socket programming ≠ Know the current peer-to-peer multimedia networking applications ≠ Gain hands-on experiences on multimedia transmission technologiesTo accomplish these objectives, the course is composed of lectures, homework, laboratoryassignments, literature readings and course project. Hands-on laboratories are mainly designed tohelp students get familiar with the multimedia compression

Conference Session

Faculty Development and Research in ET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Denton, Purdue University; Nancy Denton, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Engineering technology facultymembers have many reasons to participate in the industrial certification exam developmentprocess.Nancy: My involvement in the Vibration Institute’s industry-based certification program began when I took a couple of their certification examinations. I did so to establish more credibility in a highly practice-oriented field, while gaining a better understanding of what MET students should study to be competent in vibration-based machinery monitoring. The reliability field has been growing and evolving. Project opportunities regularly arise that require full understanding of rotating equipment, its vibration signatures, and related data acquisition concerns. Maintaining technical currency and ensuring my

Conference Session

Issues and Direction in ET Education and Administration: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Johnson, Rochester Institute of Technology; Brian Thorn, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

to determinethe likelihood and potential severity of shortages. A five year projection of the likelihood thatenrollments will exceed the resource capabilities is given below. Table 1: Likelihood of Exceeding Resource Availability Academic Resource Probability that demand exceeds capacity in year: Resource Availability 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 FYE Sections 5 0.0019 0.0208 0.1203 0.3480 0.6936 Writing Sections 4 0.6660 0.8532 0.9557 0.9918 0.9994Mfg. Process Lecture 5 0.1871 0.5210 0.8428 0.9757 0.9974 Mfg. Process Lab 15 0.0002

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in Engineering Technology: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Mehrabian, University of Central Florida; Tarig Ali, University of Central Florida; Walter Buchanan, Texas A&M University; Alireza Rahrooh, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

accommodate and facilitate the effectiveness ofonline examination methods. Some very recent studies documented the practicality andeffectiveness of distance learning methodologies3. Results from an early study of the desirabilityand feasibility of using distance learning indicated that this teaching and methodology has auseful role in distance learning4. The case for employing project-based learning methods asopposed to more traditional teaching methods, where the learning path follows a carefullypredetermined structure, has been argued elsewhere3.In this paper the authors discuss their enduring practice and efforts with crafting onlineexaminations for the distance learning courses in engineering and technology. We touch onissues of assessment

Conference Session

Freshman Experience in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Niaz Latif, Purdue University, Calumet; Akram Hossain, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

past 15 years at various capacities. He served as chair of Manufacturing Systems Development Applications Department of IEEE/IAS. He authored more than 25 refereed journal and conference publications. From 2003 through 2006, he was involved with Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL in developing direct computer control for hydrogen powered automotives. He is also involved in several direct computer control and wireless process control related research projects. His interests are in the area of industrial transducer, industrial process control, wireless controls, statistical process control, computer aided design and fabrication of printed circuit board, programmable logic controllers

Conference Session

Critical issues in IT and IET: Focus Group

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Mativo, The University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

objectives were met in many ways, for example, students had fun in their work, asexemplified by spending time after class to work on their project without instructor push. Theyused their analytical skills to analyze their for example, they revised their statics and dynamics tomake predictions of the project needs and performance before designing, constructing, andtesting. They engaged in developing alternative designs of the motorized car and the truck asthey analyzed and then settled to the one they found to be analytically sound. They saw thevalue in mechatronics as they discussed its application to daily life products and found numerousinstances. The students’ accomplishments in designing, construction, and testing their productsuccessfully are

Conference Session

Freshman Experience in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

JungHun Choi, Ohio University; Wieslaw Grebski, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton; Kenneth Dudeck, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

related to the Mechanical Engineering Technology Page 14.1200.9(MET) and Electrical Engineering Technology (EET) fields. Both courses need to be offeredsimultaneously in order to demonstrate how the Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringTechnology fields can be integrated and jointly applied to solve “real world” engineeringproblems. Both courses have common laboratory and project components. The nature of theprojects is electromechanical, for example, a garage door with an electrical opener. In theMechanical Systems course, students will design the mechanical components of the garage door.The electrical aspect of the project, that is, selecting the

Conference Session

Assessment & TC2K Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Crossman, Old Dominion University; Alok Verma, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Project Assessment CAP/Coop Supervisor X X X X X X X X Ratings Employer Surveys Used to assess program objectives Exit Exam of Writing X Proficiency Senior Surveys –Dept. X X X X X X X X X X X Senior Surveys –Univ. X X X X X X X X X X X The two shaded rows in the table above indicate tools that are used every three Page 11.176.4years to collect assessment data. The remaining tools are used on an annual basis. Theclassification of these tools into direct

Conference Session

Non-Technical Skills in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay Bhatt, Drexel University; Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Joshua Roberts, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

literacy is part of life-long learning. Each instruction session was team-taught by two faculty members and a librarian. They report that after four years, theresults of this model “have been nothing short of sensational”9.As part of a discussion on integrating library instruction into a pre-existing freshmancurriculum, Robinson and Nelson (2002) conclude: “Collaboration is…the key.Librarians and instructors must routinely work to meet the needs of students. Studentsneed to see the connection between what they are learning in media literacy and theircurrent research projects.”10In a presentation to the ASEE11, Nestor L. Osorio (2002) looked at the specificinformation resources available to engineering students and how this shapes their needfor

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kari Clase, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

biotechnology results in ever-expanding needs for college graduates who haveknowledge of life-science based products and processes. There have been numerousreports of current and projected shortages of human resources possessing the requiredknowledge in the growing industry. In order to address the gap between education andthe workforce, the Department of Industrial Technology has developed an academicminor in biotechnology being implemented in fall 2004.This interdisciplinary biotechnology initiative is the result of a partnership among theDepartment of Industrial Technology, the Department of Biology, and the Department ofPharmacy. The program is administered within the Department of Industrial Technology.The minor is taken while the student

Conference Session

ECET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Stanley, Old Dominion University; Richard Jones, Old Dominion University; John Hackworth, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering Education, 2006 Increasing Productivity and Avoiding Circuit Simulation Errors in MultiSIM©AbstractMethods for streamlining MultiSIM circuit analysis projects are shown. Methods are shownwhich improve analysis results, streamline analysis methods, and prevent some common errors.Several examples of MultiSIM projects are given which illustrate each of the discussed methods.IntroductionIn recent years, MultiSIM (formerly Electronics Workbench) has proven to be an excellentlearning tool for electrical engineering and electrical engineering technology students. It can beadapted to any student learning level. For example, at the “beginner” level, the student canconnect individual components and

Conference Session

Diversity, Recruiting, and Retention in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Ratcliff, Purdue University-Columbus/SE Indiana; Joseph Fuehne, Purdue University-Columbus/SE Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-805: PARTNERING WITH A NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATION TO BRINGTECHNOLOGY TO AT-RISK URBAN STUDENTSMargaret Ratcliff, Purdue University-Columbus/SE Indiana Margaret Ratcliff is an Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering Technology at Purdue University College of Technology in Columbus, Indiana and has been there since January 2005. Before joining Purdue University at Columbus, she spent 11 years in industry working mostly as a Product Design Engineer, Senior Project Engineer, and Structural Analyst. She earned a M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Texas A&M University and a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Tulane University.Joseph Fuehne, Purdue University-Columbus/SE

Conference Session

ETD Freshmen Students

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rex C. Kanu, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. While this course uses active learning approaches and team projects, the scope of theircontents distinguish them from similar courses that seek to achieve improved graduation andretention rates. For instance, in this course, soft skills such as technical writing, use of Excel,developing an individual academic plan of study, cooperative education, internships, culturaldiversity, quality, safety, and ethics are covered. Basic technical skills covered include math,mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering technology. The rationale for this course is toexpose students to these subjects and topics before they enroll in core engineering technologycourses such as applied statics.Assessment of learning:While the author plans to conduct this

Conference Session

A Technology Potpourri II

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gonca Altuger-Genc, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Yegin Genc, Pace University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

serve as enhancement or replacement toconventional instruction. Hennessy et al. [13] concluded that instructors prefer computer-based technologies since they allow not only to replicate the real experiments, but also toexplore "what-if" scenarios. To that end, many scholars investigated the use of simulation-based instructional materials. For example, Montevechi et al. [14] examined the use ofdiscrete event simulation and how it can be used to increase students' understanding of thereal systems in conceptual models, where Lego Mindstorms' robot application was used asan example for the project. Skoogh et al. [8] examined ways to include simulation as partof learning objectives by including objectives to learn discrete event simulation.This