Conference Session

Innovations in ME Laboratory Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Shaw, Geneva College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-2436: ENHANCING THE LABORATORY EXPERIENCE USING PEEREVALUATION OF GROUP LABORATORY REPORTS IN A FLUID MECHANICSCOURSEDavid Shaw, Geneva College David W. Shaw is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Geneva College. He received his B.S.M.E. in 1983 from Geneva College and his M.S. (1986) and Ph.D. (1988) from the Ohio State University. His research interests include measurement and modeling of thermal properties of materials and teaching the design process in undergraduate engineering classes. He has developed courses and laboratories in heat transfer, fluid mechanics, instrumentation, and freshman design. He has been active in sponsoring student teams in competitions such as Solar

Conference Session

Innovations in ME Laboratory Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guido Lopez, Old Dominion University; Ilya Leipunsky, Russian Academy of Science; Nadezda Berezkina, Russian Academy of Sciences

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AbstractIn a great majority of educational cases, “testing of materials” in the laboratory implies“destructive” techniques consisting of using universal testing machines (UTMs), where materialsare brought to a “failure condition” under tension, compression, shear, bending or torsion.Common objectives associated with these types of tests are: the evaluation of materials moduli ofelasticity and rigidity, yield strength, strain, ultimate strength, etc. In engineering practice,however, “in-situ” nondestructive testing (NDT) of materials are highly preferable, in order toevaluate rapidly the condition, failure potential, usefulness and serviceability of engineeringmaterials. Thus, nondestructive testing of materials ought to be an essential ingredient

Conference Session

Innovations in ME Laboratory Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Widmann, California Polytechnic State University; Charles Birdsong, California Polytechnic State University; John Ridgely, California Polytechnic State University; Frank Owen, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-1786: INTEGRATING EXPERIMENT, MODELING AND DESIGN USINGA HANDS ON HYDRAULIC POSITIONING LABORATORY FOR MECHANICALCONTROL SYSTEMS EDUCATIONJames Widmann, California Polytechnic State University Jim Widmann is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. He received his Ph.D. in 1994 from Stanford University. Currently he teaches mechanics and design courses. He conducts research in the areas of design optimization, machine design, fluid power control and engineering education.Charles Birdsong, California Polytechnic State University Charles Birdsong has expertise in vibrations, controls, signal processing, instrumentation

Conference Session

Innovations in ME Laboratory Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Davis, Kettering University; Craig Hoff, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-2369: PROMOTING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT INUNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING USING LABORATORY TEAM PROJECTS:A CASE STUDYGregory Davis, Kettering University Gregory W. Davis, Ph.D., P.E. is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Kettering University, formerly known as GMI Engineering & Management Institute. Acting in this capacity, he teaches courses in the Automotive and Thermal Science disciplines. He also serves a Director of the Advanced Engine Research Laboratory, where he conducts research in alternative fuels and engines. Greg is active on the professional level of SAE, currently serving as a Director on the SAE Board of Directors (term, 2007-2010), a Director on the Publications Board

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Frassica, University of South Carolina; Jed Lyons, University of South Carolina; Philip Voglewede, Marquette University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

developing laboratory experiments and other hands-on active learning experiences for undergraduate, graduate and pre-college students.Philip Voglewede, Marquette University Philip A. Voglewede is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Marquette University. He received the B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Notre Dame in 1994, the M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1996, and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Tech in 2004. From 1994 to 2000 he worked for Whirlpool Corporation first in their Technical Excellence Program and then as a process engineer and shift superintendent

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erik Bardy, Grove City College; Erik Anderson, Grove City College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-51: LABORATORY EXPERIMENT IN THE FREE CONVECTION OF AVERTICAL HEATED CONSTANT TEMPERATURE PLATE USING LABVIEWErik Bardy, Grove City College ERIK R. BARDY currently serves as Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Grove City College. His research interests include composite insulation design, orthopedic biomechanics and thermal regulation of the human body.Erik Anderson, Grove City College ERIK J. ANDERSON currently serves as Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Grove City College. His research interests include biofluid dynamics and biomimetic robotics with applications to marine vehicles

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer - II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Christopher, Rice University; Adam Parks, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; Vipul Sharma, Air Force Institute of Technology; Michael Maixner, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-323: POWER PLANT ANALYSIS WITH MATHCADJason Christopher, Rice University Jason Christopher graduated from the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) in 2007 at the top of his major, Mechanical Engineering. Jason is currently pursuing a Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering at Rice University, where his research focuses on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with specific emphasis on work related to the NASA Crew Exploration Vehicle parachutes. After finishing his studies, he will work as an Air Force developmental engineer.Adam Parks, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Adam Parks graduated from the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) in 2007 with a

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

El-Sayed Aziz, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

manufacturing, software development and applications; as well as remote and virtual laboratories. Page 13.817.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 IT-Enhanced Teaching and Learning in Machine DynamicsAbstractChallenging problems of modern engineering education, teaching and learning methods are stillmostly based on traditional lectures and exercises, which fall short in their efforts to develop theengineering skills levels of today’s engineers. Information Technology (IT) can play a significantrole in the development learning environments and lead students through the processes ofstructuring of information into

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Willis, Southern Methodist University; Paul Krueger, Southern Methodist University; Alice Kendrick, Southern Methodist University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

13.1242.2listening to a lecture.3 Undergraduate research also is a recognized method encouraging studentsto pursue graduate studies.4 Research laboratories that participated in the program were theLaser Micromachining Laboratory, the Experimental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, the ResearchCenter for Advanced Manufacturing, the Laboratory for Micro- and Nano-Mechanics ofMaterials, the Laboratory for Porous Media Applications, and the Thermal-Fluids Laboratory. Several methods were used to advertise the REU program to potential applicants. Thefirst was the development of a website to serve as a central source of information for allinterested applicants. The website included program location and dates, student stipend, housingand dining information, a list

Conference Session

Approaches to Active Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Yim, University of Pennsylvania; Katherine Kuchenbecker, University of Pennsylvania; Paulo Arratia, University of Pennsylvania; Vijay Kumar, University of Pennsylvania; John Bassani, University of Pennsylvania; Jonathan Fiene, University of Pennsylvania; Jennifer Lukes, University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

concepts and developindependent student thinking by gradually incorporating design into laboratory activities; byexposing students to systems and applications before developing all of the relevant theoreticalconcepts; and by motivating students to appreciate the importance and relevance of the theory bydirectly applying it in projects.This curriculum incorporates three principal educational strategies. First, our laboratory classesprovide a steady progression of skills and independence, from freshman through junior year.Second, many concepts are taught in a top-down framework, which exposes students to relevantphysical systems and practical applications before they have been taught the specific theoreticalconcepts. Third, lecture material is

Conference Session

Materials in Design and Manufacturing

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhiqiang Hu, University of Missouri - Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

modernengineering tools necessary for engineering practice.” Undergraduate engineering students willface these significant challenges and their education and training must adapt in order toadequately prepare the next generation of engineers for these new realities.Engineering faculty at MU started to develop an sustainable nanotechnology program forundergraduate students. We are developing a new course and laboratory modules throughenvironmental nanotechnology research to integrate them into the existing engineeringcurriculum. Research activities related to sustainable nanotechnology and challenges insustainable engineering education were discussed. By integrating the sustainable nanotechnologyresearch into the undergraduate curriculum, students will

Conference Session

Design Project Based Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Forsberg, Hofstra University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

ASHRAE SeniorUndergraduate Project Grant, and it was decided to have two of the six groups workindependently on design and construction of a ventilation system for the thermal/fluidslab. The system was to be temporary. After conclusion of the semester it was to beremoved and stored for potential future use in the laboratories. As discussed below, theproject was very successful. Students received a valuable design and constructionexperience, and the project has resulted in a new experiment for the mechanicalengineering laboratories.II. System SpecificationsStudents were given the following design specifications for the ventilation system: The ventilation system should have five (5) diffusers, each providing 100 cfm of air tothe room. The

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Smith, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

resource-basedindustries such as paper or in textile mills which were widely dispersed geographicallyaround the state, the textile mills in the more populous southern part of the state and thepaper mills in the north. In the 1960’s, however, these industries began a slow,precipitous decline which accelerated in the 1970’s and 1980’s. At the same time, newindustries, which required higher skill sets, began locating in the greater Portland area.These included such companies as National Semiconductor, Fairchild Semiconductor,Pratt and Whitney, Idexx Laboratories and other. These industries were interested inhaving a local institution which would not only provide educational opportunities fortheir employees but also would be a source of new engineers

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anca Sala, Baker College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

library of motions foranalysis, and adding a laboratory experiments component are some of the future goals for thecourse.1. IntroductionExposing our undergraduate Mechanical Engineering students to wider engineering topics, andspecifically to Biomedical Engineering, was one recommendation made to us by ABET as partof the continuous improvement process of our program. Biomedical Engineering is an area ofhigh growth according to the U.S. Department of Labor projections data for 2006-20161. Inresponse to this continued demand, many Biomedical Engineering programs have been added inuniversities across the United States. In addition, Biomedical Engineering is taught as part of thecurriculum of other engineering disciplines as well2, benefiting the

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics & Structural Modeling Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junling Hu, University of Bridgeport; Linfeng Zhang, University of Bridgeport; Xingguo Xiong, University of Bridgeport

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

on the numerical methodswith little emphasis on using the software and the other is to introduce a CFD software as avirtual reality laboratory in Fluid Mechanics class without emphasis on teaching software. In thefirst type, students need strong mathematical background to succeed in the class and also needfurther training to effectively use modern commercial software for real industrial application.While in the second type, students only learned an abstract form of CFD processes, thus they willnot be able to use CFD commercial software without further training in this area.This paper is about the use of CFD in teaching graduate students at this university who were in atwo year design track program. Many of these students did not have a good

Conference Session

Design Project Based Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Choate, Western Kentucky University; Kevin Schmaltz, Western Kentucky University; Joel Lenoir, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Design and the Senior Project Design course sequence. Prior to teaching at WKU, he was a project engineer for Shell Oil, designing and building oil and gas production facilities for offshore platforms in the Gulf of Mexico.Joel Lenoir, Western Kentucky University Joel Lenoir is the Layne Professor of Mechanical Engineering at WKU, and primarily teaches in the dynamic systems and instrumentation areas of the curriculum. His industrial experience includes positions at Michelin Research and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, as well as extensive professional practice in regional design and manufacturing firms

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Liao, Wayne State University; Chih-Ping Yeh, Wayne State University; James Sawyer, Macomb Community College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

automotive technicians in HEVtechnology. The university developed a set of courses for community college instructors andautomotive engineers, and the community college is the first community college in the state –and one of the only in the nation – to train automotive technician students on servicing HEVs [3].However, no integrated HEV laboratory has yet been established for educational purposes. Thetremendous capital investment, tedious and time-consuming tasks required to establish a fullyfunction of HEV laboratory are convincing evidence that the community colleges and secondaryschools are in need of a low-cost, computer-based virtual HEV simulator.The motivation of this project is to develop an interactive, LabVIEW-based [4] simulation

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to ME Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Bannerot, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics & Structural Modeling Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Echempati, Kettering University; Enayat Mahajerin, Saginaw Valley State University; Anca Sala, Baker College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Saginaw Valley State University(SVSU) using MATLAB), the second one is a Computational course (“Course 2”, taught atBaker College (BC)), and the third course is Machine Design (“Course 3”, taught at KetteringUniversity (KU) using Excel and other CAE/FEA tools). The first and the third courses are 4-credit and junior level subjects that include workshop sessions and laboratory assignments, whilethe second one is a 4-credit, senior level theoretical course. These example courses have bothindividual and collaborative assignments, which include conduction of experiments in order togenerate data. Experience from all these courses taught at these universities shows that whenstudents generate data on their own using good engineering judgment, they can

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

X. Chang Li, Lamar University; Kendrick Aung, Lamar University; Jiang Zhou, Lamar University; Xuejun Fan, Lamar University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

ofknowledge as students applied the inquiry-based learning. Steps and challenges inimplementation were documented together with the assessment data. Alvarado4 showed a casestudy on the problem-based learning approach, where course and laboratory activities wereorganized, aligned and coordinated so that the students could logically and actively participate inthe learning process. The self-guided experimental task was used to encourage students to applythe concepts learned in the course. Knowledge of curve fitting, error propagation, electronic datalogging and sensor calibration was introduced in the same time. Students were then required toapply the thermodynamic laws to experimental data analysis.The past few years are marked with the significant

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer - II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Philip Gerhart, University of Evansville; Robert Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-1507: COMPARISON OF DIFFERING CREDIT HOUR ALLOTMENTSFOR THERMODYNAMICS AND FLUID MECHANICS COURSESAndrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University Andrew Gerhart is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Lawrence Technological University. He is actively involved in ASEE, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Engineering Society of Detroit. He serves as Faculty Advisor for the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Student Chapter at LTU and is the Thermal-Fluids Laboratory Coordinator. He serves on the ASME PTC committee on Air-Cooled Condensers.Philip Gerhart, University of Evansville Philip Gerhart is the Dean of the College of Engineering and

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Arnold, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Aman Yadav, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Gregory Shaver, Purdue University; Eric Nauman, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

emphasizedeclarative learning, memorization and recall.2, 3. When there is an emphasis on memorizationand not application or content understanding, retention of students within the math and sciencebased majors becomes problematic.4Recently, the engineering field has begun to incorporate learner-context teaching such as case-based instruction and other problem based learning methods in the classroom. Since World WarII, many educational reforms have been made in the field of engineering based on the idea thatunderstanding concepts in a meaningful context and understanding the science behind thetechniques learned in laboratories was an essential part of student learning. More recently,various reports (e.g., Engineering Education for a Changing World; Engineering

Conference Session

Accreditation Issues

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Van Treuren, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-1485: ADDRESSING CONTEMPORARY ISSUES, LIFELONGLEARNING, AND THE IMPACT OF ENGINEERING ON GLOBAL ANDSOCIETAL ISSUES IN THE CLASSROOMKenneth Van Treuren, Baylor University Dr. Van Treuren is a professor on the faculty in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Baylor University. He teaches the capstone Mechanical Engineering Laboratory course as well as courses in heat transfer, aerospace engineering, fluid mechanics, and wind power. His research interests include energy education and literacy and gas turbine heat transfer. He can be contacted at Kenneth_Van_Treuren@baylor.edu. Page 13.153.1

Conference Session

Mechanics of Materials

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vince Prantil, Milwaukee School of Engineering; William Howard, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-2957: INCORPORATING EXPECTATION FAILURES IN ANUNDERGRADUATE FINITE ELEMENT COURSEVince Prantil, Milwaukee School of Engineering Vince Prantil is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. Dr. Prantil received his BS, MS, and PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University. His research interests lie in micro-structural material modeling, finite element and numerical analysis. He was a senior staff member at Sandia National Laboratories California in the Applied Mechanics and Materials Modeling departments for eleven years. He joined the mechanical engineering faculty at MSOE in September 2000.William Howard, East Carolina University

Conference Session

Approaches to Active Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emilia Bratschitsch, Joanneum Univeristy of Applied Sciences; Annette Casey, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Department of Automotive Engineering,; Michael Trzesniowski

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

also work in the design studios, electronic andmeasurement laboratories and they use for solving the tasks more than 15 different softwaretools.After the roll-out of the racing car the students start testing the systems and components, andadjust the performance, primarily the vehicle dynamics, using modern on- and off-board tools.The signals acquired with the telemetric system are saved onboard and evaluated later offlinewith Matlab® or Diadem®. Supported by industrial sponsors they drive the car on provinggrounds. The aim is to be perfectly prepared for the competitions.The SAE ® competition consists of two event packages: the static events and the dynamicevents. During the static events the university teams have to defend their technical

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Kremer, Ohio University-Athens

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

or laboratory, targeted violence against a professor • Research risks (loss of research data or specimens, misuse of grant money, data fabrication, plagiarism, failed collaborations) • Other risks: email privacy risks (non-university accounts), unfair student discipline, discrimination, plagiarism, embezzlement, tenure denial complications and lawsuits, loss of computer data, field trip accidents, suicide, etc.Operationally, Ann Franke advises to take a broad view of what could go wrong, focus on smallsteps for improvement, get help, follow up, adjust and stick with it for the long term.Though not focused on college teaching, Dunklee et al in "A Primer for School RiskManagement" identify the following relevant

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erik Wilhelm, Paul Scherrer Institut; Irene Berry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Mathew Stevens, University of Waterloo; Warren Schenler, Paul Scherrer Institut

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

research projects: Page 13.279.17Page 13.279.18Page 13.279.19Refer ences 1. Cheah, Lynette, Christopher Evans, Anup Bandivadekar, and John Heywood. ÐFactor of Two: Halving the Fuel Consumption of New U.S. Automobiles by 2035Ñ. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Laboratory for Energy and the Environment, October 2007. 2. An, Feng and John M. FgEkeeq0"ÐVtgpfu"kp"Vgejpkecn"Ghhkekgpe{"Vrade-Offs for the U.S. Light Vehicle Hnggv0Ñ"UCG"4229-01-1325. 3. Vwttgpvkpg."Vjqocu"U0."cpf"Mgppgvj"U0"Mwtcpk0"ÐEct"dw{gtu"cpf"hwgn"geqpqo{AÑ"Gpgti{"Rqnke{"57."pq0"4" (February 2007): 1213 - 1223. 4. Rgnmocpu."Nwe."cpf"Rcvtkem

Conference Session

Statics and Dynamics: What's New?

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mina Hoorfar, University of British Columbia Okanagan; Homayoun Najjaran, University of British Columbia Okanagan; William Cleghorn, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-533: A TEACHING TOOL FOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CAM ANDFOLLOWER MECHANISMSMina Hoorfar, University of British Columbia Okanagan Mina Hoorfar received her Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Toronto in 2005. In the course of her graduate studies at the Laboratory for Applied Surface Thermodynamics, University of Toronto, Dr. Hoorfar worked in the area of surface and interfacial engineering. Her research mainly focused on the development of methodologies for accurate measurement of interfacial tensions, contact angles, and line tension. After completing her Ph.D. research, Dr. Hoorfar joined the Case Advance Power Institute at the

Conference Session

Accreditation Issues

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hakan Gurocak, Washington State University-Vancouver

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-778: DIRECT MEASURES FOR COURSE OUTCOMES ASSESSMENTFOR ABET ACCREDITATIONHakan Gurocak, Washington State University-Vancouver Hakan Gurocak is Director of School of Engineering and Computer Science and Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Washington State University Vancouver. His research interests are haptic interfaces, robotics, automation, fuzzy logic and technology assisted distance delivery of laboratory courses. Page 13.439.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Direct Measures for Course Outcomes Assessment for ABET AccreditationAbstract - Direct measures provide

Conference Session

Accreditation Issues

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Whiteman, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

institutions feel thattheir programs might be misrepresented. Substantial judgment and interpretation had to beapplied in determining how to best allocate course work into the defined categories.As much as possible core technical curriculum requirements were included in the break out ofsubject areas to minimize course work placed in the electives category. Some mechanicalengineering programs are introducing mechatronics into their curriculum. When thesemechatronics courses were part of the mechanical engineering core degree requirements, theywere placed in the vibrations, system dynamics, and controls category. Otherwise, they wereincluded as electives.A few programs listed instrumentation, experimentation, measurement, and laboratories asseparate