Conference Session

New Engineering Educators 3 - Grading: Grate or Great

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ashish D. Borgaonkar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Christina Marie Zambrano-Varghese, Rutgers University-Newark; Jaskirat Sodhi, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Swapnil Moon

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

to achieve academic honesty among all students. She was the 2018-2019 Chancellor’s Scholar-in-Residence, responsible for organizing faculty development workshops and developing protocols to enhance teaching across disciplines, focusing in particular on the teaching of professional writing across disciplines and prevention of academic dishonesty.Dr. Jaskirat Sodhi, New Jersey Institute of Technology Dr. Jaskirat Sodhi is interested in first-year engineering curriculum design and recruitment, retention and success of engineering students. He is the coordinator of ENGR101, an application-oriented course for engineering students placed in pre-calculus courses. He has also developed and co-teaches the Fundamen- tals of

Conference Session

Classroom Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

. Students are asked to answer aquestion individually; then they discuss the answers and can be given an opportunity tochange their answer. It takes time to plan good peer-instruction exercises, and it’s easierto justify the time when many students will benefit from it. Students may be moreunderstanding when asked to purchase a clicker for a large class rather than a small class.Tech support is needed to make clickers work smoothly, and it is more likely to beavailable if the class is large.Category 2: Less effort per credit hour taught. In a large class, on most campuses, youwill get TA or grader support; in a small class, you may not. If you have multiple TAs,they can specialize in performing different tasks. For example, in a recent class

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melodie A. Selby PE, Walla Walla University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

the Likert scale questions, students are asked to write responses to “What aspectsof the teaching or content of this course do you feel were especially good?” In 2011, all eightstudents responded. The top aspects mentioned were “the teacher’s attitude” by three students,“assignments” by two students, and “PowerPoints” by two students. In 2013, apparently somestudents responded multiple times because the report shows 13 comments from seven students.The top aspects mentioned were “The Avengers theme” by 11 students and “teacher’s attitude”by three students. Two pertinent comments were “The usefulness of the Avengers theme is agreat example of the purpose of fiction – to predict how real decisions are made in difficult butrelevant circumstances

Conference Session

Leadership Development in Change: A Panel to Explore Experiences, Skills, and Learning in Change Management for New Engineering Educators

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ella Lee Ingram, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

disciplinary-based education research forher professional development. The area of her focus is in an advanced area of her discipline (e.g.,not the first-year experience), although she will not have a Ph.D. in this area. During her M.S.degree (which was disciplinary, rather than education focused), she undertook a substantial revi-sion to the way in which disciplinary writing conventions were taught and assessed in an upper-level undergraduate course.Julian is a full professor in an engineering department at teaching-focused college (in the area inwhich he earned his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D.). Julian’s primary efforts involve teaching undergrad-uate courses, participating in major departmental efforts and innovations, and contributing tolarger

Conference Session

NEE 1 - Innovative Teaching & Learning Strategies

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Alexander Mendoza-Garcia, University of Florida; Heather Maness, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

not imply your immediatesuccess in the new one. In my case, I struggled to implement a learner-centered approach whentransitioning from face-to-face teaching to an online environment. Teaching an online class is acompletely different experience and I also had a much larger class size (more than 400). I had toexcel not only as a course coordinator, subject matter expert, and facilitator of learningexperiences, but also as a manager and mentor of undergraduate peer mentors (AKAundergraduate teaching assistants). Therefore, the big question that arose was: How can Isucceed in all of these roles to create an effective online learning environment?Issues in online teaching due to my transition from face-to-faceIn my first experience as an online

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade in Teaching I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert M. Brooks, Temple University; Jyothsna K. S., St.Joseph's College, Bangalore, Department of English; Amithraj Amavasai

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

school, receiving encouragement andsupport, work and career satisfaction, learning perspective and alternative solutions to theirproblems, less work and non-work conflict, and gaining individual recognition, confidence andself esteem. The mentor’s role is to listen, refer, advise, help the mentee gain perspective, and toserve as a role model. Mentors and mentees discuss problems and recurring themes. The peermentoring program is voluntary. Mentees who begin the peer mentoring program can opt out atany time. When the teacher quality improves, the students’ achievements also improve8. Mentorsfeel an even greater commitment to engineering and enjoy the experience of helping others.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to (1) provide new

Conference Session

Classroom Strategies – New Engineering Educators Division

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vimal Kumar Viswanathan, San Jose State University; John T. Solomon, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

orientation8, 9. According to the recentresults published by the National Survey for Student Engagement (NSEE), there are four performanceindicators for student engagement: academic challenge, learning with peers, experiences with faculty andcampus environment10, 11. While there are several ongoing efforts to improve engagement in engineeringclassrooms12-18, this paper reports the results from the implementation of a blended teaching model at SanJose State University.“Tailored Instructions and Engineered Delivery Using Protocols” (TIED UP) is a media-rich blendedmodel used for teaching engineering concepts. Developed at Tuskegee University, this model is reportedto be effective in improving student grades and their engagement in the classroom19. This

Conference Session

Research on Diversification & Inclusion

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane L. Lehr, California Polytechnic State University; Michael Haungs, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, New Engineering Educators, Student, Women in Engineering

Ph.D in Computer Science from the University of California, Davis. Dr. Haungs spe- cializes in game design, web development, and cloud computing. He is the developer of PolyXpress (http://mhaungs.github.io/PolyXpress) – a system that allows for the writing and sharing of location-based stories. Dr. Haungs has also been actively involved in curriculum development and undergraduate edu- cation. Through industry sponsorship, he has led several K-12 outreach programs to inform and inspire both students and teachers about opportunities in computer science. Recently, Dr. Haungs took on the position of Co-Director of the Liberal Arts and Engineering Studies (LAES) program. LAES is a new, multidiscisplinary degree offered

Conference Session

Classroom Strategies – New Engineering Educators Division

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clifton B. Farnsworth, Brigham Young University; Jennifer Retherford P.E., University of Tennessee, Knoxville; David A. Saftner, University of Minnesota Duluth

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

learning and in students asindividuals.Estes and Welch3 used teachers from movies and television shows to ease understanding ofLowman’s model. However, some of the movie and television examples are becoming dated anddo not resonate with new faculty. Additionally, determining one’s place in Lowman’s modelremains difficult. As evidenced by the authors’ experience writing this paper, debating where anindividual sits in a category, while entertaining, is not a simple task. This paper describesdevelopment of a rubric to assess teaching in both of Lowman’s dimensions and applies therubric to contemporary movie and television teachers.In this paper, the authors present a summary of Lowman’s Two Dimensional Model of EffectiveCollege Teaching1. Next

Conference Session

Scaling class size and technology – New Engineering Educators Division

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Allen Hayden Ph.D., Indiana State University; Randell W. Peters, Indiana State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

lecture or lab collegiality and peer review. Mid instructional elements, e.g., the text book, how much lecture vs lab, web or on campus, where or when taught, who teaches it Micro instructional elements, e.g., specific teaching and learning activities, evaluating students, class managementFigure 2. ABET Objectives Hierarchy These are broad statements that Describe what describe what graduates are

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade in Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matt Eliot, University of Washington; Roxane Neal, University of Washington; Jennifer Turns, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

situations which ranged from junior faculty concernedabout the impact of active learning techniques on their student ratings to more experiencedfaculty needing help writing the education section of the NSF’s Broader Impacts criteria for agrant proposal. This basic observation about the complexity of engineering educators’ teachingchallenges spurred this research group to generate an empirically-grounded set of designprinciples for this population.Design principles for engineering educator resourcesThe following is a list of our design principles as well as the empirical basis for each principlesynthesized from findings from our analysis of the interview transcripts. These design principlescould be used by engineering educators, especially those new

Conference Session

Launching Successful Academic Careers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Rose, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

which is unauthorized or not approved. New engineering educators should tread lightly in this area so as not to hurt their relationships and reputation with their professional peers. Another venue is to incorporate one’s specific committee experiences into their teaching, obtain student opinions and feedback on its role and effectiveness, and write a paper documenting the exercise. 3. For university, college and departmental committee work, consider how the committee task relates to teaching within the discipline, ABET criteria, and program outcomes. If there is a connection, consider how best to pursue it, keeping in mind the interests of appropriate publication venues. Find something unique or a new

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lea Marie Eaton, Stanford University; Sheri D. Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

different ways of working (with peers, attending office hours, seeking help on the internet, etc.) and asked students how often they did each of them, how often they felt each was necessary to complete the homework, and how effective the methods are for their learning process. Page 24.1133.4   IMAGE CAPTURE OF SECTION 2, PART B OF SURVEY   Figure 1. Section 2 part b question visual, where students were asked to rate the nine categories.This analysis will be taking a mixed methods approach where we will combine findings from bothquantitative and qualitative data to draw

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M.D. B. Sarder, University of Southern Mississippi

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

link" in the learning curve for students becausethey lack the opportunity to benefit from the experience of structured dialogue, interaction withfaculty and peers, and the sense of community that can be created in a traditional on-siteclassroom environment. As Berge states, "…learning involves two types of interaction:interaction with content and interpersonal interaction (i.e., interaction with other people)" (p.22[10]). Kearsley and Lynch contend that online courses must adopt a pedagogical frameworkmore closely aligned with social learning theory for students to maximize the benefits of onlineinstruction [6].Online education has been gaining popularity for the last two decades. It has expandeddramatically since the 1990s and continued

Conference Session

Assessments, Assessments, and Assessments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B. Meredith, Pennsylvania State University, Fayette

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

. Page 25.1274.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Test Preparation and Test Quality Assessment – What I Wish Someone Had Told Me in the BeginningAbstractHow does an instructor prepare a test and feel confident that it is fair, balanced and the correct length? That issueworried me as I entered the teaching profession three decades ago. After a decade of writing multiple choicequestions for the Professional Engineering exam and two decades of national involvement with the ABETaccreditation process, it is time to pass some of the “tricks of the trade” along to the next generation of newfaculty members.As a starting point for this discussion, the assumption that

Conference Session

Been There, Done That: Advice for New Faculty

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Roberts, Michigan Technological University; Amber Kemppainen, Michigan Technological University; Gretchen Hein, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Program (ETPP) which has been implemented at sixuniversities across the nation. The program is set up as a multipart workshop in whichparticipants will complete a draft teaching portfolio, draft teaching materials, and a teachingphilosophy. Other activities of the ETPP include a forum to discuss teaching issues as well as adeveloped peer network.6Previously mentioned graduate level programs have been formal course offerings or workshops,often with an audience that were self-selected and highly interested in higher education.7 This,however, is not the only scenario for graduate students interested in pursuing a professorship inSTEM fields. The opportunity for graduate students to develop teaching philosophy andpedagogy outside of coursework is

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Marshall, University of Southern Maine; June Marshall, St. Joseph's College

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

consuming activity of viewingaudio visual materials such as DVDs. Require the students to view the materials on theirown time at the library (room use only) and write a three paragraph “executive summary”that is collected and serves as discussion points during class.Learning Technique Number 5 - Preparing to TeachDoyle in Integrating Learning Strategies into Teaching 9 suggests that we give thought toenhancing student learning, by asking and answering the following seven questions.Question #1 - Prior Knowledge: What background information do my students need to beprepared for my course?Application of the Theory:By letting students know what prior knowledge you are assuming they already have and bysuggesting ways to review or fill in missing

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade for Teaching I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

: planning, project management, problem solving, presentation, patience andpersistence were skills either transferred from industry or newly acquired. All were essential forsuccess as an engineering educator. Each and every one played an important role in the transitionprocess and are equally valuable today and surely will be in future years.Quest for TenureThe third year intensified the pursuit of tenure leading to new obligations and responsibilities. Inaddition, many of the tasks from the previous two years continued over into the third adding tothe workload. Among the challenges were obtaining excellent ratings from the courseevaluations submitted by the students at the end of each term, writing peer reviewed articles forconferences and

Conference Session

Effective & Efficient Teaching Skills

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

June Marshall, St. Joseph's College; John Marshall, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

require an on-line response or chat room discussion. Anothermethod is to require each student to find a hosting firm and develop a case study (relatingto the content of the course) that is presented to the class. One more strategy formaximizing outside of class behavior relates to the time consuming activity of viewingaudio visual materials such as DVDs. Require the students to view the materials on theirown time at the library (room use only) and write a three paragraph “executive summary”that is collected and serves as discussion points during class. Page 11.514.5Learning Technique Number 5 - Preparing to TeachDoyle (2001) in Integrating Learning

Conference Session

NEE 2 - Strategies to Improve Teaching Effectiveness

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robyn Paul, University of Calgary; Mohammad Moshirpour, University of Calgary; Emily Ann Marasco, University of Calgary; Sepideh Afkhami Goli, University of Calgary; Ehsan Mohammadi, University of Calgary; Fatemeh Sharifi, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

. Another video type called “What I struggled with” was created based on results fromonline learning platforms such as a popular UCSD Coursera specialization on data structures andalgorithms [6]. This format type allows students to hear about specific challenges and highlightsfrom peers who have taken the same course in the past.Online content is recorded and integrated using a variety of materials and equipment, including awebcam, a high-quality microphone, screen recording software, PowerPoint, Storyline 360 byArticulate, and LMS-compatible quiz assessments. Each week, lectures build on the courseconcepts from previous videos while introducing new content and terminology. Activeparticipation and accountability are integrated through short

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madeleine Arvold, Seattle Pacific University; Steven David Mow, Seattle Pacific University; Zachary W. Cook, Seattle Pacific University; Natalie Goode, Seattle Pacific University; Caitlin H. Wasilewski, Seattle Pacific University; Rida Y. Al-Hawaj, Seattle Pacific University ; Melani Plett, Seattle Pacific University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

why contracting and goal setting in the forming stage iscrucial. In addition, instructors can reduce the extent of social loafing by communicating thatteam participation is mandatory and specifying how each individual’s contribution will bemeasured25, 26, 28. Examples of how to measure individual performance include peer evaluation,specific task designation and measurement, and instructor observation. In addition, teammembers are more likely to be motivated to contribute when their contribution is unique2, 25, 26.This can be accomplished by assigning specific roles2 or emphasizing diversity of thought andexperience within each team25, 26.Defining roles during the formation phase can help the team clarify responsibilities and preventconflict29

Conference Session

That's a Great Idea! Learning-focused Methods to Revitalize Your Courses

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vishwas Narayan Bedekar, Middle Tennessee State University; Ahad S. Nasab, Middle Tennessee State University; Walter W. Boles, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

the important homework/practice problems with realworld examples. The summary video helped instructors spend more time on working out theproblems and examples in class. (2) The summary video could also help students who want toreview the material covered in class at home and practice. Moreover, these videos were availablefor students who miss a class to go back and review what was covered in class and be up to speedfor the next lecture. (3) The concept was different from a traditional all-online course whichprovided videos of full lectures online and did not provide opportunities for students to interactwith the instructors and peers in class. In this method, the instructors spent more time on workingproblems and quizzes during normal

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators: Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Marshall, University of Southern Maine; June Marshall, St. Joseph's College

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

assignments that require an on-line response or chat room discussion. Anothermethod is to require each student to find a hosting firm and develop a case study (relatingto the content of the course) that is presented to the class. One more strategy formaximizing outside of class behavior relates to the time consuming activity of viewing Page 12.867.5audio visual materials such as DVDs. Require the students to view the materials on theirown time at the library (room use only) and write a three paragraph “executive summary”that is collected and serves as discussion points during class.Learning Technique Number 5 - Preparing to TeachDoyle in Integrating

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Marshall, University of Southern Maine; William R. Marshall, Alief Independent School District

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

from peer reactions and should be encouraged to take responsibility for their ownlearning (i.e., taught to self-evaluate). Providing accurate feedback and helping students totake charge of learning can stimulate healthy minds. Page 25.469.3Improving Pedagogy with Differentiated InstructionA key concept in differentiated instruction is applying a proactive approach to the learning andteaching model. As such, this document is divided into two major themes: active learning; andactive teaching.Topics included in the “Active Learning” section include: 1) Focusing on Learning and NotTeaching; 2) Problem Based Learning; 3) Facilitating Group Learning

Conference Session

Lessons for New Engineering Educators

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Marshall, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

learning, teachers should continually check for understanding and provide studentswith thoughtful, timely, and precise feedback. Students need to know how well they are doingand are typically open to suggestions for improvement. Generally, the clearer and morespecific an instructor can be with feedback, the better the results for students. Students alsobenefit from peer reactions and should be encouraged to take responsibility for their ownlearning (i.e., taught to self-evaluate). Providing accurate feedback and helping students totake charge of learning can stimulate healthy minds.Improving Pedagogy with Differentiated InstructionA key concept in differentiated instruction is applying a proactive approach to the learning andteaching model. As

Conference Session

Training and Support for NEEs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chirag Variawa, University of Toronto; Sherif N Kinawy, University of Toronto; D. Grant Allen, University of Toronto; Chris Damaren, University of Toronto; Susan McCahan, University of Toronto; Bryan Karney

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

portfolios include ateaching philosophy, sample syllabi and course material, assessment material, and a discussionof the application of teaching theory to practice. This project occurs while students develop theiracademic CV and cover letters from the seminar-based aspect of the PPIT program. Theintention is for each student to be well on their way in developing a course as they begin theiractual academic searches. In addition to these activities, students are expected to deliver a 20-minute microteaching activity in the presence of their peers and course staff. This is essentially avideotaped lecture of each student, pending their approval, where the video is returned to eachstudent for personal self-reflection. Students then write a brief

Conference Session

Educating Students for Professional Success

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, New Engineering Educators, Student

lieu of a final exam. Common interview questionsinclude formative assessment and professional development questions such as: What are you going to do to continue your own learning about teaching and learning? In retrospect, if you needed to miss a session which one would it have been? Topics of the course have varied modestly between offerings. However, they link closely toskills sets faculty are recognized to need for teaching25,26. Most of the following topics havebeen consistently included: Historic Perspectives in Teaching Engineering and University Teaching Learning Styles* Course and Syllabus Design Defining and Creating Learning Objectives Teaching Design and Laboratories Effective Lecturing* Writing in

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators 1: Learning Aids

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lawrence Angrave, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Karin Jensen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Zhilin Zhang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Chirantan Mahipal, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; David Mussulman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Christopher D. Schmitz, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Robert Thomas Baird, University of Illinois Center for Innovation in Teaching and Learning; Hongye Liu, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ruihua Sui, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Maryalice S. Wu; Rob Kooper, NCSA / University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

improve undergraduate education as an Education Innovation Fellow (EIF) in the Grainger College of Engineering.Dr. Robert Thomas Baird, University of Illinois Center for Innovation in Teaching and Learning c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Paper ID #29904 As Associate Director at the Center for Innovation in Teaching & Learning Robert helps guide the testing, evaluation, and use of campus emerging technologies in the classroom and online. He has extensive experience in technology-enhanced classrooms, online teaching environments, and web-based student writing and multimedia

Conference Session

New Faculty Development

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl B. Schrader, Boise State University; Seung Youn Chyung, Boise State University; William L. Hughes, Boise State University; Kotaro Sasaki, Boise State University; Teresa Cole, Boise State University, Computer Science Department; John N. Chiasson, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

pursued differently as individual faculty try to advance theiracademic careers11. Recent research conducted with a sample of science and engineering facultyat top U.S. research universities12 shows that research university faculty‟s allocation of time toteaching, research, grant writing, and service differs before and after they have been tenured andpromoted to full professor. For example, tenure-track assistant professors in research universitiestend to spend more time in research and grant writing than tenured faculty. Once tenured andpromoted to associate professors, faculty tend to spend more time in teaching and service andless time in research and grant writing than the amounts that they spent in those categories aspre-tenure faculty. After

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators 3 - Grading: Grate or Great

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Timothy Aaron Wood, The Citadel; Dan D. Nale; Ryan Kent Giles P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

requirements.• Tools • Work in pencil. • Write on 8.5 in.  11 in., gridded engineering paper. • Use a straight edge, compass, and/or protractor to draw diagrams. • Staple multi-page submissions together.• Presentation • Include no more than one problem per page. • Number pages per problem if more than one page is needed. • Each problem should have a neatly drawn figure(s). • Figures should be large enough to be easily read. • Variables should appear on figures. • Variables should be described using words and symbols. • Write legibly, in clear, easy-to-read print. • Completely erase any extraneous material. • No crossed-out material should appear on the solutions. • Leave blank lines