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Displaying results 31 - 60 of 91 in total
Conference Session
Enhancing Student Success in Two-Year Colleges
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elaine L. Craft, Florence-Darlington Technical College
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
Technical College (National Science Foundation DUE #0422405,#0806514, and #1259402) closes the digital divide and provides an incentive for choosing atargeted STEM major. Each scholarship includes an individually-assigned laptop computerequipped with program-specific software and (more recently) a mobile wireless Internet service.Engineering technology students who are awarded Tech Stars (S-STEM) scholarships receive apowerful laptop computer equipped with CAD and other software used in these programs ofstudy, whereas computer science students receive laptops equipped with different program-specific software, and automotive technology students receive a curriculum-specificcomputerized diagnostic tool. These academic tools eliminate the need for
Conference Session
California on the Move: A Robust Array of Student Success Initiatives
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Courtney Sara Mathews Hadsell, Cañada College; Christine Burwell-Woo, Cañada College; Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
tests. For tutors that beganwith lower than a 95% average improvement was 18%. An unintended positive product ofphysics jam was the development of a core group of experienced, competent, and confidentgroup of physics tutors for the upcoming academic year. Recruiting students to tutor physics is achallenge particularly at a two-year institution for a number of reasons including low studentconfidence in their ability to tutor and highly qualified students transferring to four yearinstitutions shortly after they complete their physics curriculum. For non-transferring studenttutors summer physics jam gives them the practice and confidence to be an effective tutorthroughout the upcoming school year. Student tutors are essential to helping students
Conference Session
Retention Strategies in Action Part II
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dan Dimitriu, San Antonio College; Jerry O'Connor, San Antonio College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
1987. He was the Campus Coordinator for the Texas Alliance for Minority Participation program from 1993 to 2002, and is currently the Department Chairperson for Physics, Engineering, & Architecture. He has been involved in numerous initiatives to integrate the findings of physics and engineering education research with education practice. Page 15.294.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Community Colleges Can Help Universities During ABET Accreditation EffortsAbstractEvery Engineering program in the U.S. accredited by ABET undergoes a review process
Conference Session
Best Practices for Two-Year Students Majoring in Engineering & STEM Fields
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Courtney Hadsell, Cañada College; Tracy Huang, Cañada College; Amelito G Enriquez, Cañada College
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
Paper ID #11493Preparation and In-Class Intervention Programs for Barrier Courses for Two-year College Engineering Students ˜Dr. Courtney Hadsell, Canada College I graduated with my PhD in Physics from The University of North Carolina in 2013. I am currently a physics Instructor and physics program services coordinator at Ca˜nada College. I have a deep passion in promoting understanding and success for physics students thought pre-semester and continuing academic support. ˜Dr. Tracy Huang, Canada College Tracy Huang is an educational researcher in STEM at Ca˜nada College. Her research
Conference Session
Exploring Technological Literacy and Awareness
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Farzin Heidari, Texas A&M University, Kingsville
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
, identifying each attribute and itscharacteristics, and identifying the excellent and poor quality work using narrative descriptivecriteria. Holistic rubrics and analytical rubrics are both used to measures students understandingof course content. Holistic rubrics provide a choice to state the highest and lowest levels ofperformance combining the descriptors for all attributes and analytical rubrics state the highestand lowest levels of performance using the descriptions for each attribute separately. The use ofrubrics allows the instructor to provide quality feed back to the student along with providingevaluation and reflection opportunities for an instructor as well. The use of rubrics in a technicalprogram will provide accountability and evaluation
Conference Session
Two Year-to-Four Year Transfer Topics Part I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael T. Gibbons, American Society for Engineering Education; Elizabeth T. Cady, National Academy of Engineering; Catherine Didion, National Academy of Engineering; Norman L. Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering (Washington)
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
the number ofdegree recipients in engineering and engineering technology (e/et) at the associate’s degree level,but because many programs of study that prepare community college students to transfer to abaccalaureate e/et program do not require the student to attain an associate’s degree as anintermediate step, there are not reliable data on either the number of community college studentswho intend to transfer to baccalaureate e/et programs or the number who successfully make thetransition. This project seeks to fill that gap in the data.IntroductionTaking full advantage of community colleges as sources of science and engineering majors is acritical component of U.S. science and technology policy. Within the baccalaureate engineeringand
Conference Session
Female Faculty, Learning, NSF, and ABET Issues at Two-Year Colleges
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nicholas Massa, Springfield Technical Community College; Michele Dischino, Central Connecticut State University; Judith F. Donnelly, Three Rivers Community-Technical College; Fenna D. Hanes, New England Board of Higher Education
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
Page 22.397.3repeated until an acceptable solution is developed. Students then present their final solution forpeer review, after which the instructor leads a reflective discussion where students reflect ontheir learning experience and compare and contrast results11, 12, 13.While the benefits of PBL have been well documented, there are some obstacles limiting itsadoption in STEM education. Among the key issues are: (1) the overall lack of curriculummaterials and resources, (2) the lack of professional development opportunities to help teacherslearn how to effectively incorporate PBL in their existing curriculum, and (3) pre-service teachereducation programs often do not prepare secondary STEM teachers in PBL instructionalmethods3.In this paper
Conference Session
Retention Strategies in Action Part II
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elaine Scott, Seattle Pacific University; Hannah Azevedo, Seattle Pacific University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
be an important factor in retention (e.g., Wilson & Campbell, 2009). For example, thelack of community has been shown to be a primary reason for women leaving engineering(Brainard & Carlin, 1998), and it has been shown that student success in fields such asengineering can depend on the integration of academic and social activities, such as facultymentoring, collaborative learning, and the formation of study groups. Thus, students not onlyneed financial support, they often also need social and academic support in making the transitionfrom a community college to a four-year institution.To address this issue, the ECASE scholars have, in addition to a substantial scholarship, accessto specialized programs designed to support the scholars
Conference Session
Enhancing Student Success in Two-Year Colleges
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nicolas N Brown, University of Utah Department of Mechanical Engineering; Joy Velarde, University of Utah; Debra J Mascaro, University of Utah
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
Paper ID #16848Using Peer Mentoring to Enhance Transfer Student Experience and IncreaseStudent Success in Mechanical EngineeringMr. Nicolas N Brown, University of Utah Department of Mechanical Engineering Nicolas is a senior in the mechanical engineering department at the University of Utah. He is the peer mentoring coordinator for the Department of Mechanical Engineering, as well as an Undergraduate Re- search Assistant for the Ergonomics and Safety Lab. His current area of research involves designing and integrating control systems on recreational equipment for high-level spinal cord injury patients. Nicolas’ senior
Conference Session
Two Year College Tech Session II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elaine Craft, Florence-Darlington Technical College; Joshua Phiri, Florence-Darlington Technical College; Patressa Gardner, Florence-Darlington Technical College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
partnerships for engineering technology programs. Anunwavering focus on faculty development has been central to the development of SCATEmodels and their success. The highly rated SCATE curriculum has been adopted or adapted foruse in technical programs by other schools and colleges around the country. Students benefit Page 13.154.2because learning that often appeared fragmented into various courses with no apparentinterconnections has undergone multi-disciplinary integration that is now changing the culture oflearning for first year engineering technology students. The new resource,www.TeachingTechnicians.org, will enable more teachers to learn about
Conference Session
Two-Year to Four-Year Transfer Programs: Best Practices
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mark Bradley Kinney, Bay de Noc Community College; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Scott A Kuhl, Michigan Technological University; Mark Norman Highum, Bay College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
University PartnershipAbstractEspecially in rural locales like Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, students and employers alike canstruggle in their search to find STEM-based educational opportunities and the qualified graduatesthat result from them. Thanks to an innovative partnership between Bay de Noc CommunityCollege and Michigan Technological University, however, students are being provided with newopportunities to receive a quality education in the fields of mechatronics and robotics. By co-developing robotics curriculum and partnering on a number of grant applications to procureequipment, Bay de Noc Community College (commonly known as Bay College) and MichiganTech have created a replicable student pathway that can result in a certificate in
Conference Session
Information Literacy, Computer Efficacy and Readiness
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bill D. Bailey, Southern Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
learning3, self-assessment and portfolio4, have been studiedand are supported in the literature. This model is an effort to integrate them in to a coherentsystem. Ideally there would be more complete results to report. But the feedback and results thatwere achieved in our limited implementation were very positive and encouraging. Perhaps anew application of these ideas will be attempted, and further insights gained in the future.Future ResearchAlthough the model was not fully implemented, the development work that was done need notgo to waste. The basic model that is presented here offers an opportunity for organizations withsimilar needs to adapt and adopt this approach. Additional development of the comprehensiveself assessment is needed. This is
Conference Session
Engineering Transfer Issues: Two-year College to Four-year College
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mark Bradley Kinney, Bay de Noc Community College; Mark Highum, Bay de Noc Community College; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Scott A Kuhl, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
College and University Partnership – Year Two ProgressAbstractIn rural locales like Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, students and employers alike can struggle intheir search to find STEM-based educational opportunities or qualified graduates to fill openpositions. Due to the diverse needs of the small employers found in such an area, Bay de NocCommunity College quickly realized that creating a different degree for each industry needwould be an unsustainable and unreasonable approach. Instead, a partnership was formed withMichigan Technological University to create highly customizable and stackable credentials inthe fields of mechatronics, robotic systems, and electrical engineering technology. By co-developing this curriculum and partnering on a
Conference Session
California on the Move: A Robust Array of Student Success Initiatives
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sharnnia Artis, University of California, Berkeley; Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Tech
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
curriculum and the way it is taught canalso impact students self-efficacy; well-structured collaborative experiences and hands-onactivities have been shown to have positive implications for self-efficacy across majority andminority students enrolled in an engineering major [12, 13].Despite the awareness of the importance of self-efficacy, this concept has been studied in alimited sense among community college students [14]. The literature does not address what typesof experiences can improve or enhance self-efficacy among college students as it relates toresearch, and among community college students specifically. This study addresses the gap inthe literature by examining what experiences in the Transfer-to-Excellence Summer ResearchProgram can
Conference Session
Two year Colleges
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chih-Ping Yeh, Wayne State University; Gene Liao, Wayne State University; James Sawyer, Macomb Community College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
in-house,” whichlimits the number of automotive service technicians available for the growing hybrid market.There is a clear need for a systematic training program on HEV. The goal of the project is to fillthis need by developing an integrated learning environment for HEV technology.In order to develop this program, a partnership was formed between faculty of MCC automotivetechnology program and the engineering technology program at WSU. The partnership alsoincludes industrial partners from major automobile manufacturers and suppliers. The activitiesfor the project include (1) Developing an HEV curriculum and integrating it with the existingAssociate of Applied Science program in Automotive Technology; (2) Revising existing coursesand
Conference Session
Two-Year College Special Topics Potpourri
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Karen Wosczyna-Birch, Connecticut College of Technology and the Regional Center for Next Generation Manufacturing; Marilyn Barger, Florida Advanced Technological Education Center, FLATE
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
select from two pathways atthe community college that provide seamless transition to the four-year partner universities-Technology Studies and Engineering Science. Page 22.8.3The Technology Studies pathway is an applied major with an innovative curriculum that includesfive industry driven electives. These electives are designed to respond to workforce needs thatalign with national skill standards. The Engineering Science pathway follows a traditionalengineering curriculum with calculus-based coursework.The College of Technology’s unique infrastructure provides seamless career pathways withmultiple points of entry and exit that culminate in
Conference Session
Innovative Lower Division Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Karen Wosczyna-Birch, CT College of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
College of Technology (COT) is a seamless pathway program in technologyand engineering between all 12 Community Colleges and six four-year institutions.Students can complete either an A.S. degree in Technological Studies or an A.S. inengineering science. The infrastructure of the program allows flexibility of thecurriculum such that the programs can respond to industry needs with specific optionsand implement the new curriculum within 3 months. In addition, there is a statewideCOT site coordinators council that includes faculty and administrative representativefrom all of the institutions of higher education, secondary partners and business andindustry liaisons. This COT Council has been instrumental for the systemic integrationof the COT at the
Conference Session
Two Year College Tech Session II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Warren Hill, Weber State University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
an associatedegree program. Integral and differential calculus, or other appropriate mathematics above thelevel of algebra and trigonometry, constitutes the foundation mathematics for baccalaureateprograms.” While this language differentiates between associate and baccalaureate degreeprograms, it does so in a manner which does not give much guidance to associate degreeprograms in particular.What constitutes mathematics above the level of algebra and trigonometry? Further what kind ofalgebra and trigonometry are they referring to, the kind that is usually called college algebra andis a prerequisite for calculus or the kind that is frequently called intermediate algebra and isequivalent to the second year of high school algebra? Or to confuse
Conference Session
Rethinking Traditional Pedagogical Strategies
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Robertson, Arizona State University; Louis Frenzel, Electronic Design Magazine; Tom McGlew, MATEC
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
AC 2010-1128: A SYSTEMS VIEW OF TECHNOLOGY CURRICULAJohn Robertson, Arizona State University John Robertson is a Professor in the Engineering Technology Department at Arizona State University Polytechnic. He was formerly an executive with Motorola and now participates in many senior technical training programs with the JACMET consortium. He is also a consultant to MATEC for the ESYST program to introduce a system-focused curriculum for Community Colleges.Louis Frenzel, Electronic Design Magazine Lou Frenzel has been a Technology Editor for Electronic Design Magazine for seven years. Formerly, he was professor and department head at Austin Community College and he still teaches at
Conference Session
Two-Year to Four-Year Transfer Programs: Best Practices
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Eric James Davishahl, Everett Community College; Xiaopeng Bi, Washington State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
sophomores. Collaborative relationships among faculty and students at the twoinstitutions ensure the transition to be as seamless as possible. This paper provides an overviewof the governing articulation agreements under which the program operates before sharing detailsregarding how the two programs align and integrate specific course curriculum, manage logisticssuch as course scheduling and equipment sharing, and provide overall continuity in the studentexperience. We also share some initial enrollment demographics data that indicates the programis helping the WSU BSME program extend its reach to serve historically underrepresentedstudent populations.IntroductionIncreasing numbers of engineering students are starting their higher education at a
Conference Session
Gainful Employment: Preparing Technicians to Satisfy the Needs of Industry
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel M. Hull P.E., OP-TEC; Chrysanthos Andreas Panayiotou, Indian River State College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
broad-based technicalknowledge and skills, with a specialization in an emerging technology, such as photonics,robotics & automation, instrumentation & control, biomedical equipment etc. The AAS degreecurriculum for preparing these techs typically includes a technical core of electronics, plus 3-4specialty courses in one of these emerging technologies. An example that has been tested andproven very successful is in Photonics.Indian River State College (FL) converted its EET program to the Photonics SystemsTechnology (PST) curriculum structure in 2008, including several other specialties such asrobotics, fiber optics communications, instrumentation & control, and biomedical equipment.This change reenergized IRSC’s rapidly declining
Conference Session
Reporting Out: Dissemination of Several NSF Projects of Interest to Two-Year Colleges
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Wadach, Monroe Community College
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
. This course has been developed and is taught by faculty from bothdepartments. The course includes the use of discrete components and FieldProgrammable Gate Arrays (FPGA). A set of custom hardware components have beendeveloped that can be interfaced to an FPGA and a microcontroller. Instructional videoshelp students prepare for laboratory exercises and the course concludes with a finaldesign-build project.The overall goal of this project is to teach students how to work in multi-disciplinaryteams and to make it easier for students to switch between AS and AAS programs. ACapstone Design course is being developed where small teams comprised of PrecisionMachining, Engineering Science, and Computer Technology students will solve asemester long
Conference Session
Special Initiatives and Programs at Two-Year Colleges
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mysore Narayanan, Miami University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
. Obviously one should attempt to achieve mode values of 5 on all the characteristics;however this is probably unrealistic in an undergraduate environment. 1. Learning must be cumulative: The students have recorded an acceptable value of 4 on Likert Scale. The students are fairly capable of handling the increased level of complexity of subject matter with the progression of time. The instructor should attempt to achieve the maximum possible score of 5 on Likert Scale. 2. Learning must be integrated: This category has again recorded good, acceptable score of 4 on Likert Scale. The students have understood the importance of correlating to a real world problem. 3. Learning must be progressive: A modest score of 3
Conference Session
Two-Year College Division Transfer Topics Part II
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Wenshen Pong, San Francisco State University; Hamid Shahnasser, San Francisco State University; Hamid Mahmoodi, San Francisco State University; Hao Jiang, San Francisco State University; Cheng Chen, San Francisco State University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
completion problems among underrepresented communitycollege students through a summer research internship program. Developed through a three-yeargrant funded by the NASA Curriculum Improvements Partnership Award for the Integration ofResearch (CIPAIR) program, the ten-week summer research internship program providesopportunities for freshmen and sophomore community college students to participate inengineering research under the supervision of a university professor and a graduate studentmentor. Research topics covered during the internship program include performance-basedearthquake engineering, circuit design for biomedical applications, embedded systems design, andtransistor reliability issues in nano-scale circuits. The first two years of
Conference Session
Engineering Transfer Issues: Two-year College to Four-year College
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth W. Schott, Florida SouthWestern State College; Cynthia Jane Wilson Orndoff Esq., Florida SouthWestern State College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
ABET-accredited program. The subset of the undergraduatepopulation that transfers into an engineering program" has become significant as the UnitedStates looks to ameliorate the erosion of its preeminence in science and technology in the world"[2]. According to the Committee of Science, Engineering, and Public Policy and the NationalScience Board as reported by Ashby, "the decline of U.S. born baccalaureate and graduatedegreed engineers and scientists and increasing global competition for engineers and scientists,there are those that argue that the very security and future economic prosperity of the country isthreatened if the U.S. does not reverse these trends" [2].The role played by two-year programs is an "integral part in engineering
Conference Session
Two Year-to-Four Year Transfer Topics Part II
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kevin Lemoine, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board; James K. Nelson, University of Texas, Tyler; Lynn L. Peterson, University of Texas, Arlington; James Sells, San Jacinto College, Central Campus; Mary Eileen Smith, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
analyze student success, so weaknesses or problems in specific courses can beidentified and addressed throughout the curriculum. Further, an assessment can be made to gaugehow well the high schools are preparing students, how well the prerequisites are preparingstudents, and how well the community colleges are preparing students for junior- andsenior-level work, and appropriate corrective action can be taken.Introduction to Engineering CourseThe IssueThe course typically entitled ―Introduction to Engineering‖ appears to be a major stumblingblock in the development of a coherent statewide transfer and articulation agreement betweentwo-year and four-year institutions for mechanical engineering or, for that matter, anyengineering discipline. This
Conference Session
Engineering Transfer Issues: Two-year College to Four-year College
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kirsten A Davis, Virginia Tech; Andrea M. Ogilvie P.E., Virginia Tech; David B Knight, Virginia Tech
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
al.3 provide an in-depth summary and critique of prior research that focuses on post-transfer transition processesfor community college students who transfer to four-year institutions.3 In their review, theauthors identify, define, operationalize, and synthesize findings for five concepts that mostfrequently emerge in the existing body of literature; among them include: integration,involvement, environmental pull, capital, and transfer receptivity. In the following paragraphs,we briefly introduce each concept, explain its relevance to transfer student persistence, and pointto a small number of relevant studies for readers who seek a more in depth review. In this context, the concept integration is inspired by Tinto’s theory of
Conference Session
Information Literacy, Computer Efficacy and Readiness
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Elizabeth Paderi Cheung, Los Angeles Pierce College; Tiffany Reardon
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
engineering curriculum, coupledwith recent budget crises in California, is threatening the viability of community collegeengineering programs all over the state. In response to this pressing need to strengthencommunity college engineering programs, Cañada College, submitted a successful grantproposal to the National Science Foundation. This paper is a description of this NSF-fundedproject that attempts to improve community college engineering education using technology, andestablish collaborations and partnerships among institutions in order to increase the viability ofcommunity college engineering programs in the state.2. Struggling California Community College Engineering ProgramsEngineering is an important transfer program in California
Conference Session
Two-Year College Special Topics Potpourri
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gary J. Mullett, Springfield Technical Community College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
-course”and still teach the material like they did twenty years ago1,2. While still other programs haveattempted to embraced a more systems oriented approach in an attempt to provide what theybelieve to be the up-to-date skill sets needed by their graduates. However, now along comesanother new technology paradigm that threatens to stretch the ET/EET curriculum even furtherfrom its early, legacy, component centric, beginnings. This newest challenge has arisen recently,due in large part, to the upsurge of what is now being termed “convergence science” and itsattendant, collateral effect on technology. What is this new challenge? It is the ability to educateET/EET technicians in a manner that will allow them to deal effectively with emerging
Conference Session
Two Year Colleges
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Theodore Branoff, North Carolina State University; Duane Akroyd, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
AC 2007-481: COMMUNITY COLLEGE TEACHER PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENTTheodore Branoff, North Carolina State University Ted Branoff is an associate professor of Graphic Communications in the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education at North Carolina State University. A member of ASEE since 1987, Ted is currently the chair of the Engineering Design Graphics Division of ASEE. His research interests include spatial visualization in undergraduate students and the effects of online instruction for preparing community college educators.Duane Akroyd, North Carolina State University Duane Akroyd is a professor in the Department of Adult and Higher Education at North Carolina State