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Displaying results 331 - 360 of 717 in total
Conference Session
Digital Communications Systems
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cajetan Akujuobi, Prairie View A&M University; Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University; Alam Shumon, Prairie View A&M University; Veeramuthu Rajaravivarma, Central Connecticut State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
2006-1904: SYSTEM DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, TRAINING ANDIMPLEMENTATION OF A MIXED SIGNAL BROADBAND CHIP-TO-CHIPDIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMCajetan Akujuobi, Prairie View A&M University Dr. Akujuobi is the founding Director of the Broadband Access Technologies Program and Laboratory at Prairie View A&M University. He is also the founding Director of the Center of Excellence for Communication Systems Technology Research (CECSTR). Key areas of his research interests are in High-Speed (Broadband) Communication Systems, mixed signal systems and communication systems. He is also the founding Director of the Mixed Signal Systems Research Program at Prairie View A&M University. He has been
Conference Session
Integrating Research Into Undergraduate ECE Education
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Georgios Anagnostopoulos, Florida Tech; Michael Georgiopoulos, University of Central Florida; Ken Ports, Florida Tech; Richie Samuel, University of Central Florida; Melinda White, Seminole Community College; Veton Kepuska, Florida Tech; Philip Chan, Florida Tech; Annie Wu, University of Central Florida; Marcella Kysilka, University of Central Florida
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
inCentral Florida, namely Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) in Melbourne and the Universityof Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando. In addition to the two host universities, there are two 2-yearCentral Florida colleges, Seminole Community College (SCC) in Oviedo and BrevardCommunity College (BCC) in Melbourne. Project EMD-MLR is a National Science Foundationfunded project under NSF grant CCLI-0341601 for the period of May 2003 to Arpil 2006 andunder the auspices of the Educational Materials Development track of the Course, Curriculumand Laboratories Improvement (CCLI-EMD) program. Page 11.544.3A key goal of Project EMD-MLR is to engage undergraduate
Conference Session
Energy Learning through Simulation and Analysis
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Timothy Skvarenina, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
. Page 11.94.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 A Power Systems Analysis ProjectAbstractThis paper describes a six-week laboratory project in which students analyze a small powersystem. The analysis is done with PowerWorld and is supplemented with MatLab calculations.The students were provided information concerning a small (seven bus, two generator) powersystem. They were required to assemble all of the information into tables, both in actual valuesas well as in per unit on a common base, before beginning the analysis. Since the system wassmall, students could manually calculate Ybus and Zbus values and compare them to thePowerWorld results. Any discrepancies had to be resolved in order to get the
Conference Session
Evaluation and Assessment of IE Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
R. Radharamanan, Mercer University
Tagged Divisions
Industrial Engineering
the customer as the primary source ofinformation input4.The quality of education will not be met until a quality culture is developed. Success can only beachieved when everyone involved in engineering education has the commitment, the motivation,and the means to incorporate the culture of quality in every lecture, every laboratory work that issupervised, … , or every paper that is written3. Self-assessment of quality in classroom processesand systems is essential to promote continuous improvement and customer satisfaction. Forexample, the total quality management concepts were applied to improve the quality of highereducation in Lamar University10. The planning phase of PDSA (plan-do-study-act) has beenapplied for quality improvement. The
Collection
2006 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
James A. Sinclair; Kamal Shahrabi; Ali Setoodehnia
getting “too old” in the process.Nuclear FusionIn nuclear fusion, two light atomic nuclei join to create one heavy nucleus. This happens naturally within the cores of moststars, where temperatures and immense pressures are high enough to overcome the force that causes nuclei to repel eachother, as well as break the strong force that binds protons and neutrons together. In such conditions, hurtling nuclei fusewhen they collide. At that time, a new nucleus forms, releasing neutrons, protons, and other sub-atomic particles –neutrinos and positrons, as well as large amounts of energy. In today’s scientific laboratories, scientists hope to generatelarge quantities of energy, by applying these principles. Their major goal is to create nuclear reactors
Conference Session
Design for Community and Environment
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Craig Somerton, Michigan State University; Brian Thompson, Michigan State University; Alan Haddow, Michigan State University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
therapy laboratory. Theproject involved designing and producing an exercise cycle for children ages 5 to 12, weighingapproximately 35 to 70 pounds, with a medical diagnosis of Spastic Diplegia Cerebral Palsy. Page 11.705.4The team very quickly identified the critical design features for such a cycle: steering, seating,locomotion by pedaling, and aesthetics. The team built three complete system prototypes andseveral component prototypes. In their synthesis stage the team made considerable use of designby analogy. Some examples of this are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Design by Analogy for the Reaching Above and Beyond Cycle I
Conference Session
Non-Technical Skills in ET
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jay Bhatt, Drexel University; Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Joshua Roberts, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
Engineering Education, 2006 Library Experience for Applied Engineering Technology StudentsAbstractThe full-time Applied Engineering Technology Program at Goodwin College of DrexelUniversity was launched two years ago. This program clearly distinguishes itself fromtraditional engineering programs. The curriculum places emphasis on the application oftheory rather than on derivations and proofs. The majority of courses are fully integratedwith training and laboratory experience, extensive use of software and industrial casestudies. The information literacy of students plays an important role in the educationprocess. The primary goal of an academic library is to support the curriculum and providea more
Conference Session
Tricks of the Trade in Research
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jason Keith, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
students (and often with your doctoral students as well) youwill have to write one or more of the papers yourself, after the student has defended theirwork. Make sure that you get electronic copies of their thesis and all computer codes,laboratory notebooks, etc. so you can write the paper. Your grad students tend to answeremail more rapidly before they have graduated!If you have an excellent undergraduate student in your classes, recruit them for summerresearch in your group. Once you see that they can do just as good of a job in the lab as inyour course, recruit them for graduate school at your institution.Tip #6: Learn To Network – One of the best ways to develop a national reputation is toget to know as many people in your discipline and field
Conference Session
Embedded Computing
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Clark Merkel, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; David Fisher, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
-HulmanInstitute of Technology. A two week “PLC” experience was implemented based on theuse of Allen-Bradley Pico PLCs and the Picosoft application software. Additionally twodifferent laboratory demonstration stations were built in-house to provide a “hands-on”control experience for students. This paper talks about how the “PLC” experience hasbeen implemented and how well it has been received as part of the mechatronics course.Introduction:Mechatronics at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology has historically been a classfocused on the use of microcontroller devices and the language skills needed to programthem. In this course, students learn to program a Handy Board microcontroller and use itto monitor a variety of different sensors and control a number of
Conference Session
ECE Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
engineering and thecourse promotes a greater level of interest in electrical engineering before the students areofficially admitted to the School of Engineering. The main challenge in offering this course tosophomore students is to achieve a balance between mathematical theory and experientiallearning. Real-life examples and laboratory activities were designed to provide the students withhands-on experiences and to enforce the understanding of theoretical materials. The paperdescribes in detail how the course concepts were organized and instructed, examples of the labactivities developed, and evaluation data on two pilot offerings of the course.IntroductionUp to winter 2004, the course EGR 255 Materials for the Electrical Sciences in School
Conference Session
Innovative Curriculum in ET
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Susan Scachitti, Purdue University-Calumet; Heather Woodward-Hagg, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Lash Mapa, Purdue University-Calumet
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
Vapor Deposition. Prof. Woodward’s areas of expertise include in the development and implementation of closed-loop process control systems within high volume manufacturing. Professor Woodward’s departmental research concentration involves adapting the quality and continuous improvement methodologies and tools (i.e. Six Sigma, Lean) used within high volume manufacturing for the service and healthcare industries, as well as small businesses. An additional research concentration is the optimization of a performance based predictive cost model for high volume manufacturing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Professor Woodward is currently the director for the Laboratory for Enterprise Excellence at IUPUI
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ann Saterbak, Rice University; Ka-yiu San, Rice University; Larry McIntire, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
2006-1080: DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR ABIOENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS COURSEAnn Saterbak, Rice University Ann Saterbak is Director of Laboratory Instruction and Lecturer in the Bioengineering Department at Rice University. She received her B.A. in Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry from Rice University in 1990 and her Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign in 1995. She conducted research and provided technical support within Shell Development Company from 1995 to 1999.Ka-yiu San, Rice University Dr. San is a professor in the Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering at Rice University. Dr. San received his B.S
Conference Session
ECET Curriculum
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
William Stanley, Old Dominion University; Richard Jones, Old Dominion University; John Hackworth, Old Dominion University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
instruments much as he or she would do in a conventionallaboratory environment. When the simulated power switch is turned on, the instruments on thescreen begin realistically functioning. The front-panel switches and pushbuttons on theinstruments work much like real equipment, thus allowing the student to learn how to use theinstruments while making laboratory measurements. At the advanced level, after wiring thecircuit, the student can forego the instruments and power switch and go directly to moreadvanced analysis features such as ac steady-state analysis (frequency and phase responseanalysis), transient analysis, or I-V analysis.Although students generally adapt quickly to MultiSIM to perform most of their analysis work,there are some aspects of
Conference Session
Mechanical ET Design & Projects
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Timothy Cooley, Purdue University-New Albany; Terrence O'Connor, Purdue University-New Albany
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
2006-1227: ACADEMIC DART GUNS – A REVEALING EXPERIMENT FOR 2-DKINEMATICSTimothy Cooley, Purdue University-New AlbanyTerrence O'Connor, Purdue University-New Albany Page 11.152.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Academic Dart Guns – A Revealing Experiment for 2-D KinematicsA small, portable kinematics experiment was developed for the purpose of improving theunderstanding of 2-dimensional (ballistic) kinematics for sophomore mechanical engineeringtechnology students. Although this type of experiment this is not unique, the equipment andaccompanying laboratory exercise were used to provide students with important
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Edward Wheeler, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; JianJian Song, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; David Voltmer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
are provided bycourses that explore electromagnetics, electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity.System-level issues are then discussed in courses in high-speed design and are extended viaapplications in wireless systems. Planned courses include a laboratory-based course in modelingand measurement and a course in RF integrated circuit design.In this paper we report on courses in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), signal integrity (SI),and high-speed design that will provide the foundations of the high-speed design program beingdeveloped . The needs of both disciplines, electrical engineering and computer engineering,must be kept in view. In the discussion below, therefore, keep in mind that, since electricalengineering and computer
Conference Session
Innovative Curriculum in ET
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joseph Morgan, Texas A&M University; Jay Porter, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
become an integral part of the educational curriculum with a long-term, vested interest increating such an educational experience. One example where this methodology is beingemployed is at Brown University.3 Another more recent example, and the focus of this paper,involves the faculty and students of the Mobile Integrated Solutions Laboratory (MISL) at TexasA&M University where they have undertaken the Engineering Entrepreneurship Educational Page 11.560.2Experience (E4) initiative. This initiative includes a partnership between MISL and a newlyformed, locally-based company. For purposes of this paper, this company will be calledNEWCO. The
Conference Session
Assessing K - 12 Engineering Education Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Donna Barrett, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marion Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
2004-05 academic year.Overview of Scientific Work Experience Programs for Teachers There are two common terms, SWEPT and RET, that describe professional developmentopportunities for teachers that place them in 4 – 8 week summer internships or fellowships inresearch laboratories and/or in corporate settings. According to the Triangle Coalition forScience and Technology Education, Scientific Work Experience Programs for Teachers(SWEPTs) are summer programs in which elementary and secondary science and math teacherswork with scientists or engineers to do supervised, paid work in areas that are relevant tosubjects that they teach. The Triangle Coalition asserts that “SWEPTs provide industry, labor,government, higher education, alliances
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dennis Robbins, Borough of Manhattan Community College/CUNY; Mahmoud Ardebili, Borough of Manhattan Community College/CUNY
for learning thermal physics and preparing them tounderstand engineering thermodynamics. In this study traditional instruction or standardcourses in physics refers to methods of teaching which do not rely on principles of“scientific teaching” and are characterized by their heavy dependence on lectures,textbook reading and laboratories that are often referred to as “cookbook” exercises10. • What understanding do engineering students have of heat and temperature? Do they have a functional understanding of the concepts of heat transfer and temperature? Does a course in engineering thermodynamics improve students’ fundamental conceptions thermal physics? • After traditional instruction in physics do engineering majors
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mario Castro-Cedeno, Rochester Institute of Technology
with no work experience, they are unfamiliar with the equipment and procedures used inindustry. A laboratory introduces the students to machining equipment and shop procedures.Other processes are simply demonstrated during lectures, in the laboratory or with relevant films.The student’s grades include three tests, including a final, weekly homework assignment, a teamproject and a laboratory grade. Students can accumulate a total of 1,620 points from which thefinal grade is calculated. Figure 1a shows the distribution and descriptive statistics of the ofpoints accumulated by all students in the three sections of the course taught in the Fall of 2005.One section, labeled Section 3 on the table, had mixed LC and non-LC enrollment and the
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael McGrath, University of Colorado-Boulder
2006-2564: BRIDGING THE GAP TO THE ENGINEER OF 2020Michael McGrath, University of Colorado-Boulder Mr. McGrath is the Engineering Director at the Laboratory for Atmospheric an Space Physics, and Professor Adjunct in Aerospace Engineering Sciences at the University of Colorado -- Boulder. Page 11.286.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Bridging the Gap to the Engineer of 2020The NAE report on the Engineer of 2020 describes the growing separationbetween the needs of industry and the focus of academia, and cites the desireto close this growing gap. At the Laboratory for Atmospheric and
Conference Session
Reforming the Industrial Engineering Curriculum
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sandra Furterer, University of Central Florida; Jessica Jenness, University of Central Florida; Jessica Steinberg, University of Central Florida; Lesia Crumpton-Young, University of Central Florida; Kent Williams, University of Central Florida; Luis Rabelo, University of Central Florida
Tagged Divisions
Industrial Engineering
. Page 11.619.2Opportunities currently in place include senior design projects, Six Sigma projects, internships,co-ops, a mentoring program including interaction with student chapters of professionalorganizations, and undergraduate research projects. We are currently developing otherexperiential opportunities to further incorporate real-world experiences into the curriculumincluding developing remote learning laboratories in partnering with industry organizations. Asenior design course project is a standard requirement for industrial engineering undergraduates.Students must enroll in a senior design course during each semester of their senior year. Thecourse prepares students for work in the industry by assigning them to work on a company
Conference Session
IP and Supporting Student Startups
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Paul Swamidass, Auburn University; Brian Wright, Auburn University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
conferences before.Brian Wright, Auburn University Brian Wright, Auburn University. Dr. Brian Wright is the Associate Director for Commercialization in the Office of Technology Transfer, Auburn University. As associate director, he works with and assists the technology transfer officers on various projects, oversees initiatives to reach out to industry and other research institutions, and markets, negotiates and licenses technologies from Auburn's research laboratories. For more than two years, he has worked closely with the Thomas Walter Center in commercializing selected Auburn inventions. Page
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Timothy Hinds, Michigan State University; Craig Somerton, Michigan State University; Robert Chalou, Michigan State University; Clark Radcliffe, Michigan State University; Gaile Griffore, Michigan State University
101 Creative Engineering Solutions IME 102 Creative Engineering Solutions IIThough an emphasis of these two courses will be the teaching of NX® (ME 101), Excel® (ME102) and MATLAB® (ME 102), the teaching of these computer skills will be integrated withlearning the engineering design problem solving method through an introduction to the disciplineof mechanical engineering. Students will be expected to use all of these computer skillsthroughout the two course sequence. The mode of teaching for both courses will be two 1-hourlectures and two 2-hour laboratory periods per week.Pilot Program StudentsThis program was run on a pilot basis during the 2005-2006 academic year. For such a pilot, asmall number of students needed to be identified to
Conference Session
Network Administration and Security
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Farid Farahmand, Central Connecticut State University; Veeramuthu Rajaravivarma, Central Connecticut State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
alsointeresting and very educational. In this experiment, we asked two groups to share asingle client node. Hence, a single client with be shared by two independent clusters.Figure 7 compares the performance of the client node with and without hyperthreadingcapability. This figure shows that there is a slight benefit in running two instances of thejob on a single machine if the machine supports hyperthreading. Then, we asked three ormore groups of students share the same client node, with hyperthreading capacity. In thiscase, the students observe that sharing the client node, with hyperthreading, betweenmore than two clusters is no longer beneficial and the performance, in fact degrades. Figure 1: Laboratory cluster setup using Palma software
Conference Session
Multimedia and Distance Learning in ET
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nikunja Swain, South Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
during laboratory experiments, misinterpretations of lab data andunderachievement in standardized science and engineering tests that stress the fundamentals.This problem can be effectively addressed by improving the student’s conceptual understandingand comprehension of the topics through interactive learning and teaching with virtualinstruments (VI) software package like LabVIEW.This paper will discuss design and development of interactive instructional modules (VIs) forstudying (a) Basic Three Phase and Single Phase Circuits, (b) Modeling of Transmission Lines,(c) Simple Economic Dispatch Problem and (d) steps to solve Load Flow problems throughNewton Raphson Method.I. IntroductionThe engineering, science, and technology field at present
Conference Session
Capstone Courses I
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
William Smith, University of Kentucky-Lexington; Jamey Jacob, University of Kentucky; Suzanne Smith, University of Kentucky; James Lumpp, University of Kentucky
Tagged Divisions
Systems Engineering Constituent Committee
University of Kentucky. He has worked as a visiting scientist or intern at AT&T Bell Labs, Rockwell International, Northrop Defense Systems Division, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. His research interests include distributed embedded systems, safety critical systems, and high-performance distributed computing.Jamey Jacob, University of Kentucky Jamey D. Jacob is professor of Mechanical Engineering with funded research projects in aerospace applications from AFOSR, NASA, General Electric Aircraft Engines, Boeing, and others. His main research interests include aircraft configuration optimization, low speed aerodynamics, vortex flows, turbulence, and experimental methods, including modern
Conference Session
Computing Tools for Engineering Education
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Saroj Biswas, Temple University; Musoke Sendaula, Temple University; Sesha Yeruva, Temple University; Krishana Priya Sannidhi, Temple University; Ravi Shankar Dwivedula, Temple University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
non-commercial e-Learning systems3, 4, 5 that have been developed at various academic institutions.Web based interactive laboratory experiments have also been developed for electrical circuits5,6,electronics7,8, fluid mechanics, and control systems courses9, 10, 11, 12, and various other courses.Some of these systems also allow certain level of interactivity through the use of whiteboard,chat, email, and other interfaces, however, lack an interactive environment for monitoredproblem solving, and feedback. On the other hand, an e-tutoring system is ideally an electroniccounterpart of a human tutor. The e-tutoring system must be capable of guiding the studentwhen he or she stumbles on a problem, suggest background or prerequisite material
Conference Session
FPD2 -- Highlighting First-Year Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Marc Christensen, Southern Methodist University; David Willis, Southern Methodist University; Scott Douglas, Southern Methodist University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
David A. Willis is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Southern Methodist University. He received the B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from North Carolina State University (1995) and M.S. (1997) and Ph.D. (2001) degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University. Dr. Willis actively performs research in laser processing and thermal sciences. He developed the Laser Micromachining Laboratory at SMU, where he and his research team study thermal transport during laser-material interactions and laser micro-processing. His recent works have been published in the highly visible journals Physics of Fluids, the International Journal of Heat
Conference Session
Global Engineering in an Interconnected World
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Charles Schreier, University of Dayton; Carl Eger, University of Dayton; Margaret Pinnell, University of Dayton
Tagged Divisions
International
.” Page 11.1285.6ClassroomETHOS incorporates research projects into several undergraduate Mechanical and AerospaceEngineering courses. These courses include: MEE312L - Materials Laboratory, MEE410 – HeatTransfer, MEE431L – Multidisciplinary Engineering Design Laboratory I, and MEE432L –Multidisciplinary Engineering Design Laboratory II. To date, most classroom work has focusedon the design and analysis of biomass cook stoves. Primarily, these course projects have focusedon the design and analysis of insulative brick materials and the failure of chimney stacks used inconstruction of biomass cook stoves. Through these projects, students perform researchbenefiting collaborating organizations while being exposed to the associated social and
Conference Session
Technology in Classrooms - Construction Engineering Perspective
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Zhili (Jerry) Gao; Russell Walters, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Construction
applications toenhance construction process visualization with such tools as 3D animation. The sequence oftopics, course sequencing, software licensing, and laboratory development will be discussed inthe paper along with a proposed project example. After students obtain these basic skills, theywill be able to graphically simulate and the operate construction process with spatial constructiondata in a simple, accurate, safe, and effective way. The prerequisite knowledge for these coursesand the way to bring industry practice into this course is discussed as well.IntroductionRecently, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) arebecoming increasingly useful and beneficial in construction engineering and management