Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

George Okere, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering

the construction discipline. 3. Create a construction project safety plan. 4. Create construction project cost estimates. 5. Create construction project schedules. 6. Analyze professional decisions based on ethical principles. 7. Analyze construction documents for planning and management of construction processes. 8. Analyze methods, materials, and equipment used to construct projects. 9. Apply construction management skills as a member of a multi-disciplinary team. 10. Apply electronic-based technology to manage the construction process. 11. Apply basic surveying techniques for construction layout and control. 12. Understand different methods of project delivery and the roles and

Conference Session

Designing and Evaluating Engineering Leadership Programs

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Angie Moussa, University of Massachusetts Lowell ; Yanfen Li, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

problems. These non-technical skills allowstudents to understand the social, political, economic, cultural, environmental, and ethical aspectsof their future jobs[1]. The development of leadership is especially important for students whowish to pursue management careers including project management (PM) which is a highlyneeded and promising career path. Few undergraduate students are exposed to PM during theirundergraduate curriculum, and most PM courses are based on literature and reading. TheNational Research Council Board on Engineering education noted that undergraduate curriculumneeds to be reformed in order for undergraduates to get extensive exposure to interdisciplinary,hands-on skills, creative design, and systems thinking[2]. At the

Conference Session

Designing and Evaluating Engineering Leadership Programs

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Teresa J. Didiano, University of Toronto; Annie Elisabeth Simpson, Troost Institute for Leadership Education in Engineering, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve P.Eng., University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

, interpersonal relationships, and leading in teams. These are leadership skills thatstudents can apply immediately to academic courses and student groups.Our Graduate Ecosystem’s Three Learning EnvironmentsWe offer three types of graduate programming: 1) for-credit courses; 2) a career exploration andprofessional development, co-curricular program; and 3) a practical leadership experience.Below we describe these learning environments and detail some of our pedagogical approaches.Data presented in this paper was collected with approval from our ethics review board for courseand program quality and improvement, not for research.For-credit CoursesAfter successfully launching our first undergraduate-graduate course in 2007, we offered ourfirst graduate-only

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Amitabha Bandyopadhyay, State University of New York, College of Technology at Farmingdale

Tagged Topics

Diversity

supportive of the practice of civil engineeringAttitude21 Recognize the need for and have the ability to engage in life-long learning inLifelong Learning specialist technologies22 Demonstrate understanding of commitment to professional ethics, respon-Professional and sibilities , and norms of civil engineering practiceethical responsibility CET-BoK Outcomes Rubric Level of cognitive achievementOutcometitle 1 2 3 4 5 6 Knowlede Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evalua

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 8 Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Philippa Anne Martin, University of Canterbury; Eileen Frances Britt, University of Canterbury

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

potentially serious penaltiesfor such behavior and viewpoints. A very public graphic example of this is the Google echochamber case, where an employee was dismissed due to expressing viewpoints that did not alignwith company values [5]. Professional engineering bodies are increasing the obligations onmembers to report breaches to their code of ethical conduct and making it more difficult formembers to avoid disciplinary processes, for example Engineering New Zealand changed theircode so that “engineers must take action if they observe something of concern” and they mustreport if they “suspect another engineer has significantly breached the code” [6]. Therefore, it isin the best interests of all parties to address disruptive and disrespectful behavior

Collection

Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference

Authors

Peter Mark Jansson, Bucknell University

most excited them. In addition, this revision waspreparing the department to be in a better position to be responsive to the seven (7) new studentoutcomes from ABET requirements in Criterion 31 which replaced the older eleven (11) a-k outcomes.This change was approved by the Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) of the AccreditationBoard for Engineering and Technology in the autumn of 2017. The new curricula provided multipletouch points for evaluation of student progress against the seven new outcomes. The seminar courseactually provides an assessment opportunity for Outcome 3 (an ability to communicate effectively witha range of audiences), Outcome 4 (an ability to recognize ethical and professional responsibilities inengineering

Conference Session

Enrollment, Instruction and Pedagogy - Focus on Design-Based Projects

Collection

2017 FYEE Conference

Authors

Rouzbeh Tehrani, Temple University; Mohammad F. Kiani, Temple University; Evangelia Bellas, Temple University; John Joseph Helferty, Temple University; Won H Suh, Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University

Tagged Topics

FYEE Division - Paper Submission

different teaching styles, each rotation has a unique format and content. For example, professional development is covered in civil and environmental module, and ethics and plagiarism are covered in bioengineering module. While it is needed to provide fundamental information and basic tools to students, we were cautious in drafting the content to avoid overwhelming

Conference Session

Integrating Sustainability and Social Responsibility into the Curriculum

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremiah Matthew Stache P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Joseph P Hanus P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Jennifer Gonser, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

importance of students to understand problems’ andsolutions’ impact across the three pillars of economic growth, environmental stewardship, andsocial progress. The multi-dimensional analysis allows students to better assess the complexityof the application of the knowledge they learn. The concept of sustainability even appears in theCivil Engineering Code of Ethics as one of the Fundamental Cannons that “Engineersshall…strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development…;”15 yet more evidencethat sustainability is becoming a foundational and essential component of an engineeringeducation.Given the importance of sustainability in civil engineering curricula, an important questionremains: how do we teach it? One method discussed in this

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University; Danny D. Reible P.E., Texas Tech University; David Emile Mesple, Texas Tech University; Francesco V. Donato, Texas Tech University; Ibrahim H. Yeter, Texas Tech University; Ryan C. Campbell, Texas Tech University; Jeong-Hee Kim, Texas Tech University; Jill Hoffman, Texas Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

; Computational Think- ing/Pedagogy Project; Rocket Project; World MOON Project; East Lubbock Promise Neighborhood (ELPN) Project; and Robotics. He can be reached at ibrahim.yeter@ttu.edu.Dr. Ryan C. Campbell, Texas Tech University Having recently completed his Ph.D. through the University of Washington’s interdisciplinary Individ- ual Ph.D. Program (see bit.ly/uwiphd), Ryan is now a Postdoctoral Research Associate at Texas Tech University. He currently facilitates an interdisciplinary project entitled ”Developing Reflective Engineers through Artful Methods.” His scholarly interests include both teaching and research in engineering educa- tion, art in engineering, social justice in engineering, care ethics in engineering

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Okere O. George, Washington State University; W. Max Kirk, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

bodies. According to ACCE accreditation document 103 retrieved fromhttp://www.acce-hq.org/images/uploads/Doc_103_Updated_081116_final3.pdf, studentsgraduating with a 4-year degree shall be able to create construction project cost estimates as wellas have knowledge on related areas which include 1) ability to analyze professional decisionbased on ethical principles; 2) analyze construction documents; 3) analyze methods, materials,and equipment used to construct projects; 4) understand construction risks; 5) understand thelegal implications of contracts; 6) understand construction project control process; 7) createconstruction project schedules; 8) create written communications appropriate the constructiondiscipline; 10) create oral presentations

Conference Session

Technical Session 4a

Collection

2017 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Yongping Zhang P.E., Cal Poly Pomona; Xudong Jia, Cal Poly Pomona; Jon Bumps, Caltrans, District 8; Du Lu, Caltrans, District 8

Tagged Topics

Pacific Southwest Section

- simulation, etc.) 6) Improved presentation skills 7) Continuous bonding efforts. Many team members became friends in the learning process and the friendship is maintained very well after graduation.The student outcomes are based on the standard ABET a-k outcomes. a: Apply Knowledge—An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering b: Experiment Analysis— An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data c: System Design— An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability d: Teamwork— An

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Work in Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramanitharan Kandiah P.E., Central State University; Krishna Kumar Nedunuri, Central State University; Edison Perdomo, Central State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

part of reducing the gaps in getting to know about field-relatedtopics such as selecting faculty advisors, following curriculum maps to ensure passing of pre-requisite courses, and other engineering specific requirements and scholarship, engaging inundergraduate engineering design and research, ethics in engineering profession and acquiringindustrial experience through internships.Institution: The authors’ institution, a land-grant institution, is a Historically Black Colleges andUniversities (HBCUs) in the U.S. It is composed of 95% African-American student populationand 59% of pupils from families with incomes below the poverty level as defined by the U.S.Census Bureau. This institution accommodated 8.5% of all undergraduate African

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mario Blanco, California Institute of Technology; Kenneth Pickar, California Institute of Technology; Luz Marina Delgado, GEMA; Oscar Arce, Universidad Rafael Landivar; Jeff Kranski, California Institute of Technology; Francoise Herrera, Universidad Rafael Landivar; Charles MacVean, Universidad Rafael Landivar

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, Product Design for the Developing World, atCaltech over the last three years. The course gives engineering and design students theopportunity to be creative and to take active leadership roles, exposing them to social, ethical,and political issues that will prepare them to be industrial and community leaders in a worldincreasingly influenced by issues raised by globalization.Similar efforts are taking place at MIT [3-6], while at other institutions, such as Georgia Tech,these efforts take a complementary approach in what we now know as “SustainableEngineering”. Sustainable Engineering emphasis is on conservation and balance of problemsbrought about in a post-industrial society, problems such as pollution, unmanageable urbansprawl, natural

Conference Session

Creating a Technology Incubator and Creating a Seed Fund

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Wierman, Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Aronhime, Johns Hopkins University; Marybeth Camerer, Johns Hopkins University; Benjamin Gibbs, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

performance of managers or employees.• Illegal conduct.• Violations of university policy by student managers or employees.• Alienation of students whose new business proposals were not approved.• Alienation of customers and the campus community due to poor service or products.Since these risks will never go away, they must instead be managed. Strategies for mitigatingthe major risks include:• Building support in different administrative offices throughout the University. • Establishing clear policies governing conduct. • Hiring capable and ethical students. • Dealing with disciplinary problems immediately. • Establishing procedures for removing managers who violate policies. • Removing temptation by minimizing use of cash. • Closely supervising

Conference Session

Teaching Engineering and Public Policy

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Gillespie, Rowan University; Krishan Bhatia, Rowan University; William Riddell, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

provide both an asset to sustainability efforts in New Jerseyand educational experiences to the students. Specific aspects of ongoing projects that addressvarious ABET A-K criteria are identified. In particular, these projects teach engineeringstudents about the ethical responsibilities of engineers in regard to environmental consciousness,teach them to promote and enact change in the local community, and prepare them for careers insustainability.Project-Based Learning at Rowan UniversityThe engineering clinic sequence is an essential aspect of the Rowan University Engineeringcurriculum. The engineering clinics were established to help students to develop the so-called“soft skills” identified by the ABET A-K criteria, as well as to apply and

Conference Session

Collaborative & New Efforts in Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Kornecki, ERAU; Thomas Hilburn, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Prescott; Wojciech Grega, AGH; Jean-Marc Thririet, LAG; Miroslav Sveda, BUT

Tagged Divisions

International

include identification of existing or easily modifiable courses,which can be used as units in the RSIC curriculum. The case study will also include a descriptionof the laboratory infrastructure, necessary administrative procedures (admission, scheduling, andcredit transfer), an assessment methodology, and experimental development and delivery of aselected RSIC unit within the partners’ institutions. This experimental concurrent delivery willnot include student mobility and engage only on-site students.Educational Objectives and OutcomesThere is a general agreed upon set of non-technical skills and behaviors expected fromengineering school graduates (oral and written communications, professional ethics, team skills,etc.). The starting point for

Conference Session

1553 FPD3 - Computer & Programming Tools in First Year Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Robertson, Arizona State University; Sarah Roux, Arizona State University; Vivek Ramanathan, Arizona State University; Mark Rager, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

in the use of ‘cut and paste’ and there is asignificant ethical issue. This problem will not go away so a general solution that can be appliedto all courses was adopted. The first step is to show the limited utility of unverified information.Team discussions worked well for that. Second, provide positive incentives in the form of acomponent of the project report grade for good practice. Third, put good backgroundinformation in its personal context of enhancing the credibility of the individual and the teamoutput in the weekly team project presentations.A new set of skills measures was introduced in 2007 following extensive discussion with theIndustry Advisory Boards. Students were asked to rate their awareness and commitment to 64different

Conference Session

Design Project Based Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Choate, Western Kentucky University; Kevin Schmaltz, Western Kentucky University; Joel Lenoir, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

) ‚ Professional Communications Plan (conveying designs and interacting with peers) ‚ Computer Skills Plan (teaching and implementing of design tools) ‚ Engineering Ethics Plan (evaluating and practicing appropriate professional behavior)Engineering Design Plan and its associated experiences combine a structured approach to solvingproblems with an appreciation for the art of engineering. Professional Communications andComputer Skills Tools are introduced and then required throughout the four-year sequence tosupport the execution of design projects. The Engineering Ethics component provides studentswith a framework for understanding professional expectations and techniques for clarifying theambiguity that is common in ethical dilemmas.The primary

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation of Graphics Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aaron Clark, North Carolina State University; Jeremy Ernst, North Carolina State University; Alice Scales, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

ethically to come up with it.Spending a lot of time understanding where graphic concepts come 2.53 2 .93from is a waste of time. Page 13.1203.8Table 7Group 5: Applied understanding — describes how students could apply content in and beyondthe classroom environment.NCLAGES Statement Mean Mode SDA significant problem in learning technical graphics is being able to 2.84 2 1.10memorize all the information I need to know.After I study a topic in graphics and feel that I understand it, I have 2.1 2 .98difficulty solving problems on the

Conference Session

Capstone Design III

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Kremer, Ohio University-Athens; David Burnette, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

for measuring many outcomes and areconducive to evaluating professional skills7.” They also claim that "a performance appraisal issuitable for measuring such behaviorally based skills as evaluating an ethical dilemma orworking on teams7."Assessing communication, teamwork and ethics within a senior capstone is becoming fairlycommon, but there is still much confusion reported regarding the overall professional skillsoutcomes and how to assess them8. Although academia and industry have both pointed out theshortcomings in the old criteria, there has been little reported evidence as to what skills studentsthemselves value or believe to be of value in industry. A survey conducted by Penn StateUniversity was undertaken which polled recent graduates

Collection

2009 GSW

Authors

Kenneth W. Van Treuren

, cost savingsand willingness to work long hours are qualities instilled in engineers. For India, cost savings,English language skills, ability to learn quickly, technical knowledge and work ethic are strongcharacteristics. Lastly U. S. students possess a very different set of skills such as strongcommunication skills, an understanding of U. S. industry, a desire to challenge the status quo,strong technical skills, superior business acumen, and a sense of creativity. Obviously these arethe skills valued by the U. S. educational system. How are students exposed to these skills andwhere should exposure to these skills occur?ABET has given a list of outcomes that point to qualities necessary for successful engineeringstudents8. Those outcomes are

Conference Session

Innovations to Curriculum and Program

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado at Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

second day of class in fallfreshmen 1-credit introductory courses for environmental (EVEN), civil (CVEN), andundeclared (GEEN) engineering majors. One particular activity in the EVEN course wasdesigned to expose students to the idea that culture is important in engineering problem solving.The students spent three weeks participating in a case study that described selecting the bestmethod to treat wastewater from a Native American community.5 Another activity that includedsome aspects of cultural differences was the ethics assignment in the EVEN and CVEN courses.In this assignment students could read about Fred Cuny’s activities in refugee camps and servingdisplaced populations.19 In the CVEN course, students studied the Three Gorges Dam in

Conference Session

Educating Graduates in Engineering for a Flat World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado at Boulder; Bernard Amadei, University of Colorado at Boulder; Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado at Boulder

Tagged Divisions

International

yearcollege students was higher for females than males, and higher for minorities than whites.2However, traditional engineering curricula do not tend to emphasize the service-aspects of theprofession, leading to non-retention of students who are motivated by these goals.At the University of Colorado at Boulder, two programs are particularly interested inhighlighting service opportunities in engineering. In the EVEN B.S. degree program, one of theeducational objectives is to produce students who, within 3 to 5 years after graduation, “haveserved the needs of our society and protected the future of our planet in an ethical manner.” In Page

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lyubov Kurkalova, North Carolina A&T State University; Keith Schimmel, North Carolina A&T State University; Stephen Johnston, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

(5) ethical, philosophical, and religious beliefs (6) institutional capacity to formulate, implement, and enforce controls (c) Countries are linked via international trade and flows of financial capital, so attempts to control global warming (GW) will affect income, competitive positions, and international trade patterns Page 13.490.8Taxes and Quotas (a) how to account for existing differences among countries in energy taxes (b) how to treat trade in fuels and energy-intensive products, which is important if taxes are not universal in coverage (i.e., across all countries) (c) where the

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Murray, State University of New York, Binghamton; Roy McGrann, State University of New York, Binghamton

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

as to analyze and interpret data; (c) an ability to design a system, component or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability; (d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams; (e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems; (f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility; (g) an ability to communicate effectively; (h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental and societal context; (i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in, life

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curriculum Innovation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Ciaraldi, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Eben Cobb, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; David Cyganski, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Michael Demetriou; Greg Fischer; Michael Gennert, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Fred Looft, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; William Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Bradley Miller, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Taskin Padir, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Yiming Rong, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kenneth Stafford, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Gretar Tryggvason, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; James Van de Ven, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

. Page 14.1034.3Educational Program ObjectivesThe Robotics Engineering Program strives to educate men and women to; ≠ Have a basic understanding of the fundamentals of Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Systems Engineering. ≠ Apply these abstract concepts and practical skills to design and construct robots and robotic systems for diverse applications. ≠ Have the imagination to see how robotics can be used to improve society and the entrepreneurial background and spirit to make their ideas become reality. ≠ Demonstrate the ethical behavior and standards expected of responsible professionals functioning in a diverse society.Educational OutcomesGraduating students will have

Conference Session

Engineering Education in Africa, Asia and the Mid-East Region

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hamilton, United States Military Academy; Eric Crispino, United States Military Academy; Andrew Bellocchio, United States Military Academy; Aaron Hill, United States Military Academy; Stephen Ressler, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

International

the higher level educational systems in the developing world. Thispaper will discuss in detail the efforts that have been expended to bring NMAA to thepoint where it is and address the challenges that remain, with special emphasis on theengineering program. The authors will also address the implications of these lessons forthe broader endeavor of educational capacity-building in the developing world. Whileeach country and culture offers its own unique challenges and opportunities, we feelseveral lessons we learned have universal applicability. Among the topics discussed willbe the use of face-to-face and distance mentoring, cultural and ethical challenges, facultydevelopment, providing resources and equipment, and ensuring the continuity

Conference Session

Integrating Design into the BME Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University; Daniel Cavanagh, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

accustomed to the cycle of technical lectures, homework, labs and tests that compose the typical undergraduate engineering course. When they enter senior design, this familiar cycle is replaced by lectures and assignments on topics such as device specifications, ethics, memos, decision matrices, economics, prototype construction, benchmarking and careful documentation. While the students are used to new topics in a new course, design topics are of a type that is very unfamiliar to the students. Furthermore, as design is an iterative process, students can easily get lost in the repetitious nature of the design process. We have found that some students find this switch in course structure difficult and view

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Golter, Washington State University; Bernard Van Wie, Washington State University; Gary Brown, Washington State University; David Thiessen; Nurdan Yurt; Baba Abdul, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Identifies and questions the and ethical issues that underlie validity of the assumptions and the issue, or does so superficially. addresses the ethical dimensions that underlie the issue.5) Identifies and assesses the quality of supporting data/evidence and provides additional data/evidence related to the issue. Emerging Developing Mastering Merely repeats information Examines the evidence and source provided, taking it as truth, or of evidence; questions its denies evidence without adequate accuracy, precision, relevance, justification. completeness. Confuses associations

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josef Rojter, Victoria University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

pedagogy is a fully constructivist in which the role of the academicis restricted to that of a facilitator. Active, collaborative and co-operative learning fulfilconstructivist goals44. The traditional course framework, outlined in table 2, has a number ofinherent advantages which enhance constructivist skills. These are: • Formal acquisition of new non-technical knowledge. In a traditional PBL education it is assumed that such knowledge can be acquired in situ, in the context of the problem. In fact, knowledge from humanities and social sciences domains is very complex. Their frameworks are based on competing critical theories with historical, cultural, ethical and political dimensions. Students unaware of this