Conference Session

Innovations in Computing Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Nayda G. Santiago, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Cesar A Aceros; Brandeis H Marshall, Purdue University; Eric T. Matson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

. Computational Thinking encompasses aunique combination of reasoning processes and problem solving skills that involve the problemformulation by means of abstraction and decomposition transforming it into one students’ mayknow how to solve. An important outcome of a reformulated project is an appropriaterepresentation—a model—to convey suitable information by means of reduction, embedding,transformation, or simulation 4,14 . From this study we can identify that students’ understanding ofa problem and its potential solution may require a good representation of the problem. However,some students’ representations, when present, were very vague and some others were verysuperficial.The educational implications of this study can be divided into pedagogical

Conference Session

Research Related to Learning and Teaching Engineering in Elementary Classrooms

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John C. Bedward, North Carolina State University; Eric N. Wiebe, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

could [think of] some sort of wind {spontaneous analogy} pushing it inside the tub which is sort of crushing it, at the end there was just a lot of little crumbs.Figure 2: Sugar cube in vialsIn this discussion the student uses descriptive language to explain erosion as a microscopicprocess (Figure 3). The student demonstrates the ability to interpret perceptual observations andexpresses a top view spatial projection when discussing how the hole in the cup is facing thesand. I: If we were to look at the first stream table…I see this brown thing here, what is this exactly? S: That is the cup that is resting on the ruler, uhm and you pour the water into the cup and there is a dot, a hole in the bottom of the cup

Conference Session

Digital Technologies and Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Herold, University of California, Riverside; Thomas Stahovich, University of California, Riverside; Han-lung Lin, University of California, Riverside ; Robert C. Calfee, University of California, Riverside

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

is a tablet-based tutoring system usedto teach Kirchhoff’s Law. It also interprets a student’s handwritten work and providestutorial feedback in response to errors. The pencast tutorials we consider differ from thesesystems in that pencasts present prerecorded tutorial information, while these systems areinteractive and provide feedback in response to student work.Our work is most similar to research on the use of multimedia for instruction. Lieu12included an interactive multimedia CD as a supplement to the conventional course textbook for an Engineering Graphics course. The contents of this CD helped studentsvisualize graphical concepts covered in the class such as orthogonal projection. The CDpresented concepts using a mixture of animation

Conference Session

Managing Dual-Career Issues

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne R. Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Beena Sukumaran, Rowan University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, Kettering University; Donna Reese, Mississippi State University; Brian P. Kirkmeyer, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

: My wife is actually farther advanced in her career for a number of reasons...narrowness of field, a tighter-knit technical community, the ability to work full- time while earning her doctorate in a collaborative research project between her university and company. This doesn't remotely bother me, because I have had to work in different types of experiences to determine where I wanted to be and in which type of organization. I have now found it, and in many ways I'm in a more "prestigious" position than she is, even though she earns far more in salary than I do. It's one "us" unit, not two "me" units, and that works great for us. Panelist E Spouse: My  For the most part, we are at the same level, however the difference is

Conference Session

Active and Inquiry-Based Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B. Knight, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2011-1963: EDUCATING BROAD THINKERS: A QUANTITATIVE ANAL-YSIS OF CURRICULAR AND PEDAGOGICAL TECHNIQUES USED TOPROMOTE INTERDISCIPLINARY SKILLSDavid B. Knight, Pennsylvania State University, University Park David Knight is a PhD candidate in the Higher Education Program at Pennsylvania State University and is a graduate research assistant on two NSF-funded engineering education projects. His research interests include STEM education, interdisciplinary teaching and research, organizational issues in higher education, and leadership and administration in higher education. Email: dbk144@psu.edu Page 22.519.1

Conference Session

They're Not "Soft" Skills!

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University; Kristin E. Oliver, Texas Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

affirmingtransaction beliefs sets a high benchmark for engineering undergraduates. The success ofinterventions to boost metacognitive processing22 and critical thinking24 indicate that facilitatingand supporting deliberate growth in these factors is a viable possibility for curricular change thatwould yield positive benefits. Overall these and related findings provide support for ongoinginitiatives to include more design projects, problem-based learning, cooperative education (co-op) experiences, and professional internships in engineering programs in order to continue todevelop students‟ abilities to analyze, interpret, critique, and respond personally to information,particularly in the context of ambiguity and the ill-defined problems that

Conference Session

Students' Abilities and Attitudes

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R. Reisel, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; Leah Rineck; Marissa Jablonski, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Ethan V Munson, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Hossein Hosseini, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

-chair of UWM’s student chapter of Engineers Without Borders for 2 years since its inception in 2007 and continues to help design and implement water distri- bution projects in Guatemala. Marissa Jablonski was a 2008 recipient of the NSF Graduate Fellowship Honorable Mention, the 2008 Wisconsin Water Association Scholarship, and the 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 UWM Chancellor’s Graduate Student Awards. Marissa is a member of ASEE and EWB. She received her BS degree in Natural Resources and Spanish from the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point in 2003, her MS degree in Civil/Environmental Engineering from UWM in 2009 and will receive her PhD in Civil/Environmental Engineering from UWM in 2013.Ethan Munson

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Interdisciplinary Course Design Opportunities for Chemical Engineers

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Baba Abdul, Washington State University; Edgar A. O'Rear, University of Oklahoma; Gary Robert Brown, Washington State University, Office of Assessment and Innovation; Ashley Ater Kranov, Washington State University; Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University; Paul B. Golter, Washington State University; David B. Thiessen, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Page 22.675.7Fig. 1. The DLM base unit and the shell & tube plug -in cartridge used in this study areshown side by side in this picture.In this work the venturi, orifice, double pipe and shell and tube heat exchanger cartridges wereused for the learning activities.Fluid mechanics DVD: Homsy’s fluid mechanics DVD was employed as a study aid forvisualizing some fluid dynamic phenomena. Students were encouraged to get a personal copyand the videos were also projected onto the screen during class.Other apparatus: Other apparatus like the injection pump (used to demonstrate mass flowmeasurements), squirt guns (used to demonstrate inertial force exerted on an obstacle by amoving fluid) were used to enhance learning.Concept inventories: Concept

Conference Session

Research Related to Learning and Teaching Engineering in Elementary Classrooms

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Merredith D. Portsmore, Tufts University; Bárbara M. Brizuela, Tufts University, Education Department

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

divided about students’ ability to engagein planning while they are designing. A number of studies 9, 11, 17 show that students do notspontaneously engage in planning when designing and that their plans do not have a strongresemblance to their final construction. Alternatively, there have been findings that youngstudents can make drawings that resemble their final creation 18 and that planning via drawingemerges as students progress through primary/elementary schooling 10, 16. Within technologyeducation, the research projects were all conducted within classroom settings; therefore, theyinclude a number of confounding variables (peers, classroom atmosphere, teacher’sunderstanding of design, curricula, access to materials) that make it difficult to

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

. Page 22.248.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Assessment Based on Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences Mysore Narayanan, Miami University, Ohio.Abstract Scholars in the area of cognitive science and educational psychology agree that‘assessment’ as ‘learning’ should not be treated like a third-party research project orsome administrator’s questionnaire. Assessment must be actually viewed as acommunity effort or nothing. Assessment must be driven by a faculty's owncommitment to reflect, react, innovate and improve. Educators have also recognized thatit is very important that instructors make a strong effort to teach to the

Conference Session

Novel Entrepreneurship Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James V. Green, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. Green’s research interests include entrepreneurship education and the psychology of entrepreneurship. Prior to Mtech, he provided business development and product management to WaveCrest Laboratories (acquired by Magna Interna- tional, NYSE: MGA), an innovative start-up in next-generation electric and hybrid-electric propulsion and drive systems. At Cyveillance (acquired by QinetiQ, LSE: QQ.L), he served in operations, client service, and product development roles for this software start-up and world leader in cyber intelligence and intelligence-led security. While at Booz Allen Hamilton, he provided technical and programmatic direction to the DARPA Special Projects Office (SPO), Army Research Lab (ARL), Defense

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Educational Methods and Tools to Encourage Conceptual Learning I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne R. Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Jason M. Keith, Michigan Technological University; Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Technological University; Maria Fernanda Tafur; Aytug Gencoglu, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering, Educational Research and Methods

use COMSOL Multiphysics® to developmodules to help students connect high-level mass, momentum, and energy balances withthe underlying physical phenomenon at the continuum scale. These modules are part of alarger project of Desktop Experiment Modules (DEMos) that enable students toexperiment to deduce cause / effect in a demonstration tool. We focus on microfluidicsand fuel cells because few examples exist in the chemical engineering literature in thisarea. These modules were implemented in chemical engineering in a special microdevicecourse for undergraduate upper-classmen and beginning graduate students, a senior levelelective course on Computational Methods, and a junior-level transport / unit operationscourse.Introduction and Motivation

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Thompson

central printingfacility was more cumbersome and expensive than photocopying from the hardcopy. Sharing theresource for team projects was difficult from the standalone computer workstation. In this case,budget considerations caused a review that resulted in better service with a paper copy of thecode, at a price considerably less than that for the CD.Similarly, the cost effectiveness of a CD-ROM based industry standards database coupled withCD-ROM full text was questioned. In a pilot program, full text CDs with a subscription value ofover $25,000 were canceled. Faculty and graduate students were guaranteed industry standardsthrough commercial document delivery. Use of industry standards indexes available on theWWW was encouraged. During the first

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

S P Maj; D Veal

).12. R. A. Pilgrim, “Design and construction of the very simple computer (VSC): a laboratory project forundergraduate computer architecture courses.,” ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 25, 151-154, (1993).13. B. C. Parker and P. G. Drexel, “A System-Based Sequence of Closed Labs for Computer SystemsOrganization,” ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 28, pp. 53-57, (1996).14. P. S. Coe, L. M. Williams, and R. N. Ibbett, “An Interactive Environment for the Teaching of ComputerArchitecture,” ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 28, 33-35, (1996).15. B. L. Barnett III, “A Visual Simulator for a Simple Machine and Assembly Language,” ACM SIGCSEBulletin, vol. 27, 233-237, (1995).16. M. Ben-Ari, Constructivism in Computer Science Education, presented at Twenty Ninth

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Shelley, United States Air Force

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

gather data. The firstproblem identified through the CPI introspection and iteration process was the paucity ofdata that accurately and objectively reflected the state of the Dynamics instructionalprocess. A second CPI cycle ended with the Fall 07 semester. The focus during these threesemesters was on improving the quality of broadcast signal and homework handlingprocedures. Broadcast signal was improved by the support technician by splitting thebroadcast signal into low and high resolution components and having the high resolutionimage of the content screen projected to the large screen at the front of the room. Asecond smaller monitor was added to the front of the classroom that continuouslybroadcast the instructor camera view. During

Conference Session

Launching Successful Academic Careers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Engelken, Arkansas State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Arkansas. He is also a charter faculty member in ASU's multi-disciplinary Ph.D. in Environmental Science Program. He has been very active in research and development in the field of semiconductor thin films, particularly in the fields of electrodeposition and chemical precipitation deposition of such, with a major emphasis on undergraduate instruction and utilization of undergraduate research assistants in the field. He has had numerous research projects sponsored by agencies such as NASA, the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Arkansas Science and Technology Authority, and industry. He also has played an active, senior

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hamilton, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Figure 4 Students brewing during HB101 SessionOnce the beer is brewed it is also named, often these names reflect common experiences thestudents have had in their civil engineering courses. An example, “Fire Station Red” was namedto commemorate the capstone design project, designing a new campus fire station and “WallkillRaspberry Wheat” was named in honor of the Hydro course rafting trip on the Wallkill River.Other names have capitalize on engineering concepts, “Poisson’s Porter—Good in Every Way”or “Direct Stiffness Stout—Strong Enough to make you a Flexible Member”. Some of the beernames have emphasized the common student experience; such as “Partial Credit Pilsner” andGraduation Ale” among them. The naming of the beer does help our students

Conference Session

Exporting of Higher Education to Developing Countries

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

International

and design–related topics (upper division courses, capstonedesign courses, and final design projects), is drawn primarily from textbooks authored in westerncountries, with very little input that reflects the practice in the Region. Unfortunately,connections with local practitioners, who would be willing and able to contribute to the process,have not been properly cultivated.Sixth, programs do lack emphasis on the essence of engineering as a profession, in general, andthe role of future engineers as emerging professionals in particular. Also, subject matter relevantto professional development issues; including the imperative for superior communication skillsand life-long learning in professional practice, have been left out.Ways need to be

Conference Session

Assessment of K-12 Engineering Programs & Issues

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devlin Montfort, Washington State University; Shane Brown, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

also a significant employer.The school faces some historic challenges, including chronically low funding and below-averagescores on standardized tests (around 20% passing the math and science sections of the state’sstandardized tests for 10th grade). The researchers visited the school approximately twice amonth during the school year as part of an NSF-funded effort to present engineering-based mathand science projects to high school students. The research reported here was performed during Page 15.1054.4two such visits, but the program was primarily focused on the development and presentation oflab exercises.Participant SelectionAt the beginning

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

assignment, laboratories, and, often, group projects. Adding to the confusion,engineering faculty do not always understand how the common forms of “active learning” differfrom each other and most are not inclined to search for answers Of the most known and utilizedclassroom-based pedagogies in engineering education today, and appear to be moving in thesame broad direction, are: problem-based learning, cooperative learning, and collaborativelearning 2. Page 15.919.2Problem-based learning (PBL) starts when students are confronted with an open-ended, ill-structured, real-world problem and work in teams to identify learning needs and develop a

Conference Session

FPD II: Increasing Engagement and Motivation of First-Year Students

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Roesch Johnson, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Engineering Professional Development

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

reinforcement or linksbetween the classes, while the other fifteen students noted a positive affect. One student wrote,“By studying similar topics, I was able to gain a deeper understanding of the assigned topics.”Another added, “ I loved the content overlap between InterEngr 102 and EPD 155. I was able todo two projects on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which I found very interesting. I would definitelyrecommend FIG to anyone interested in engineering. ” And finally this comment, “I had a goodbackground on energy coming into102 class because of the EPD 155 class.”ConclusionIn conclusion, the goal of creating transformative class as defined by Engel (5) was successful.The required reflections, the class discussions, and the weekly emails to the

Conference Session

Digital Technologies and Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Chen, California Polytechnic State University; Christine A. Victorino, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Charles Birdsong, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Unny Menon, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Marilyn Tseng, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Tyler Scott Smith

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

of online textbooks affect student learning outcomes?  We examined these questions by implementing online textbooks in three undergraduateengineering courses: IME 421 Manufacturing Organizations, ME 302 Introduction toThermodynamics, and ME 422 Mechanical Controls. The following are course descriptionsfrom the university course catalog:IME 421 Manufacturing Organizations (3 units)Theory and principles for manufacturing organizations. Competitive advantage. Strategicplanning and operations management for organizations and teams in a rapidly changingenvironment. Engineering management concepts and practices. Team-based projects and cases.ME 302 Introduction to Thermodynamics (3 units)Properties of working fluids and fundamental

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Issues Part One

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claire Komives, San Jose State University; Moira M. Walsh, Independent Scholar

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

to bemeasurable, even if they do not project to actual ethical practice on the part of the students. Forexample, students are required to write the six fundamental canons of the NSPE Code of Ethicson the midterm from memory. The performance criterion is to correctly scribe the six canonsalthough mistakes are allowed if they don’t change the meaning of the canon. The evaluation ofa case study is part of a paper assignment. The performance criterion is to identify correctly allof the ethical infractions described in the paper by comparison with the NSPE code. In the samepaper they are asked to describe a strategy for dealing with the infractions if they were to assumeto role of the supervisor of the perpetrator. Questions on the midterm probe

Conference Session

Integrating Mathematics, Science, and Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heublein, Kansas State University, Salina; Kenneth Barnard, Kansas State University, Salina

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

15.1373.8    focused feedback, and being goal-directed. Having participated in group-projects at school, theyare team-oriented, socially networked, and able to organize and mobilize.”7The following are Howe’s characteristics of the millennial generation born between the years1981 and 2000.7 Special: Have always been treated as special and important. This generation of children has been the most wanted. Every milestone was marked with celebrations and praise. They may carry a sense of entitlement about them and have an expectation of frequent positive feedback. It has been instilled in them that they are vital to the

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Upperclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randy Lewis, Brigham Young University; Thomas Knotts, Brigham Young University; W. Vincent Wilding, Brigham Young University; William Pitt, Brigham Young University; Morris Argyle, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Assessed in courses through chemical engineer 2 assignments, mid-term exams, (mastered sufficiently to solve engineering finals, projects, etc. problems with the aid of reference materials) Indicates fundamental principles providing the Assessed in courses and prior to foundation for problem solving strategies 3 graduation (on the closed-book (mastered sufficiently to solve engineering L3 exam) problems

Conference Session

Developing Systems Engineering Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wolter Fabrycky, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Constituent Committee

practice. Disappointments with cost, schedule, and evenperformance aspects of large, complex, and risky technological undertakings in the publicinterest suggests consideration of licensure as a possible requirement for Systems Engineers.VI. Systems Engineering Knowledge and PublicationsINCOSE, like other professional and technical societies, has an obligation to advance, develop,archive, and publish a body of knowledge central to its purpose. This is being accomplished forSystems Engineering by the classical means found within all learned professions; a body ofknowledge, referred journals, one or more periodicals, textbooks, and up-to-date web sites.SE Knowledge and Curriculum (BKCASE).12 BKCASE is a recently initiated knowledge-based project with

Conference Session

Understanding and Measuring the Impact of Multidisciplinarity

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, 1990). Boyer’s argumenthas elevated teaching to a level of importance so far not realized. This is because of the fact thatacademia always focuses, on research. It is important to recognize that Ernest Boyer’s proposalactually pioneered the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) movement. This hasresulted in a number of federally and privately funded efforts to improve teaching in colleges anduniversities (Atkinson, 2001). Assessment helps us understand which students learn best under what conditions. Overthe past several years, the author has experimented on a wide variety of research projects and hascollected lot of data on several topics of interest. He has also reported on his findings at anumber of other ASEE conferences

Conference Session

Pedagogy

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Benson Tongue

much less intellectual energy left toactually think about what’s being discussed.Helpful but not necessary is a good projection system. PowerPoint usage should in generalbe used only sparingly but occasionally it’s invaluable. Additionally, it’s often advantageousto hook up a computer to display an animation that illustrates some point of the lecture.This entails a real cost to the school and should be appreciated when available but notexpected.The instructor should definitely strive to arrange for proper seating and proper blackboards.The room’s floor should be sloped, as do theatre floors, so that all students can see theblackboards. Just as important is that with this arrangement the instructor can see thestudents. It isn’t helpful to know

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research and Assessment II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Sang Ha Lee; John Wise; Thomas Litzinger; Richard Felder

. Page 10.95.15 Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education32. When writing a paper, I am more likely to (a) work on (think about or write) the beginning of the paper and progress forward. (b) work on (think about or write) different parts of the paper and then order them.33. When I have to work on a group project, I first want to (a) have "group brainstorming" where everyone contributes ideas. (b) brainstorm individually and then come together as a group to compare ideas.34. I consider it higher praise to call someone (a) sensible. (b) imaginative.35. When I meet people at a party, I am more

Conference Session

Topics of Interest-Nuclear Engineering

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

David Barbara; Shripad Revankar

-iv/vhtr.html 2003.25. Nicholls D. Status of the pebble bed modular reactor. Nuclear Energy 2000; 39(4) Aug., 231-23626. William KT, editor. Modular Pebble-Bed Reactor Project, FY 2001 Annual Report. INEEL/EXT-01-01623, Idaho Falls, Idaho. December 2001.27. Croy C, Elkhiamy S, Kopenec R Revankar ST. Scaling Investiation of a Modualar Pebble Bed Optimization. School of Nuclear Engineering Purdue University, Senior Design Report 2001.28. Joo H, Barber D, Jiang G, Downar T. PARCS: A Multi-Dimensional Two-Group Reactor Kinetics Code Based on the Nonlinear Analytic Nodal Method. Purdue University, School of Nuclear Engineering Report PU/NE-98- 26, 1998.29. Downar T, Lee DJ. Comparative Analysis of PBMR Core Physics