Conference Session

Improving ME Instructional Laboratories

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Matsson, Oral Roberts University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

choiceof the external analysis type option. Next, air was chosen as the default fluid. A computationaldomain with the same size as the wind tunnel test section was chosen for numerical simulations.The size of the computational domain in the streamwise direction was 0.3 m in front of theleading edge and 0.548 m after the trailing edge. In order to get a reasonable calculation time, a2D plane steady flow calculation was selected. A free stream velocity of 20 m/s, a wall surfaceroughness of 100 micrometer and a turbulence intensity of 1% were chosen for the settingsfollowing the CosmosFloWorks wizard. Figure 5 shows the pressure distribution around theairfoil with a clear low-pressure bubble above the airfoil and a stagnation region close to

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Sweeney, Florida Gulf Coast University; Diane Bondehagen, Florida Gulf Coast University; Claude Villiers, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

context to students majoring in bioengineering, civilengineering, or environmental engineering has been very successful in promoting studentlearning (and motivation to learn).References1. Blanchard, S., N. Egiebor, J.D. Sweeney, L. Zidek, C. Sechrist, S. Hulbert, J. Osborn and M. Swearingen. “Blank Slate Engineering at Florida Gulf Coast University – Innovative and Multidisciplinary from the Ground Up”. Proceedings of the 2006 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, June, 2006.2. National Academy of Engineering. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century, 118 pages, 2004. Available on-line at: http://books.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html?onpi_newsdoc05172003.3. National Academy of Engineering. Educating the Engineer of

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Mays, The Citadel; Kevin Bower, The Citadel; Kyle Settle, The Citadel; Blake Mitchell, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

rolling asshown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Rolling Wheel Used to Illustrate Various Types of Problems Used to Assess Knowledge of Key Concepts in Dynamics. Page 12.1541.4Traditional ProblemFor the wheel shown in Problem 1, the wheel’s radius is 2 ft, the instantaneous velocity at thecenter of the wheel is 4 ft/s to the right. Express the velocity of points A and B as vectors usingthe coordinate system indicated on the figure.DCI Type ProblemFor the wheel shown in Problem 1, what is the direction of the velocity of point B at the instantshown if the wheel is rolling to the right without slipping?(A) Straight Down (B

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Crossman, Old Dominion University; Anthony Dean, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering Education, 2007 A General Engineering Technology Program in Motorsports TechnologyAbstractSouthside Virginia, in particular the cities of Danville, Martinsville and the surrounding area, isthe home of Virginia International Raceway and a rapidly growing motorsports industry. Thereis a strong need for educational opportunities to support manufacturing and related industries inthis region. In the early 2000’s Patrick Henry Community College in Martinsville established anassociate of applied science degree in Motorsports Technology to help meet the need fortechnical support personnel. As the industry has grown it has become evident that engineers andtechnologists are needed at the baccalaureate and

Conference Session

Design of Lab Experiments II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. William Graff, LeTourneau University; Jessica Niemi, LeTourneau University; Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University; Meagan Vaughan, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

experiments, so that KCL and KVL are illustrated by thefirst one, given in the third laboratory session, and the transient part will be reserved for a laterlab, when more appropriate to the course material.Summary and conclusionThis experiment was a great success, in that it did produce the desired understanding in thestudents. It had the flavor of a 1960’s “happening”. The present plan is to continue using it, with Page 12.51.10some of the modifications suggested. We are presently considering an addition to illustrateKirchhoff’s voltage law, which we plan to combine with the current law part of the presentexperiment. The RC transient part will then

Conference Session

Design of Lab Experiments I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atin Sinha, Albany State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

transferring in the year 2005-06. As of fall ’06, 84.4% of ASU students that had transferred to Georgia Tech since thebeginning of the program in mid-80’s, have either graduated from or are currently enrolled inone of the 5 different engineering majors. The range of the comparable figure denoting thesuccess rate for transfer engineering programs of all other institutions in Georgia is 72% to 92%,which validates the quality of our program. The students complete the core courses inhumanities, mathematics and science as well as some freshman and sophomore level engineeringcourses in order to have a seamless transfer to the junior level at Georgia Tech. As is customaryin most if not all undergraduate engineering programs, ASU also conducts an introductory

Collection

2007 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Shaina Slonim; Richard Puerzer

Rogers of the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology has performed a lot of research inassessment. In her presentation on portfolios, she states the need to know the “importance of clearunderstanding of outcomes desired from portfolio use” are a “clear purpose” and the portfolio’s designshould be “driven by [a] desired outcome and skills to be assessed.” Rogers says portfolios serve as“growth model[s]”, “showcase[s]”, and “hybrid[s].” For the assessment of the portfolio, Rogers suggestsusing scoring rubrics that are “linked to performance criteria”, “known to [the] students”, and have“scales consistent with [the] purpose of assessment.” Rogers warns that the primary focus of the portfoliois not the portfolio itself but is “teaching and learning

Conference Session

Capstone Design & Project Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Green, LeTourneau University; Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University; Thomas Hellmuth, LeTourneau University; Roger Gonzalez, LeTourneau University; Stephen Ayers, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, Boston, Mass.10 Ulrich, K. and S. Eppinger, 2004, Product Design and Development, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.11 Cagan, J. and C. M. Vogel, 2002, Creating Breakthrough Products: Innovation from Product Planning to Program Approval, Prentice Hall, NJ.12 Green, M. G., 2005, "Enabling Design in Frontier Contexts: A Contextual Needs Assessment Method with Humanitarian Applications," PhD Dissertation, Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin.13 Davis, D., S. Beyerlein, O. Harrison, P. Thompson, M. Trevisan, and B. Mount, “A Review of Literature on Assessment Practices In Capstone Engineering Design Courses: Implications for Formative Assessment,” Proceedings of the 2006 American Society for Engineering Education Annual

Conference Session

Assessing Design Coursework II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katie Grantham Lough, University of Missouri; Robert Stone, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

9 Occurance Detection Severity RPNComponent Function(s) of Component Failure Mode Effects of Failure Potential Cause of Failure Current Design Controls

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

, professionals (corporate management, etc), family, friends and society ?Week four: In nine-ten pages, respond to the following questions: 1. What technical challenge did s/he address? 2. Why did the investigator(s) undertake the task(s) of interest ? 3. What achievement or resolution of the technical challenge was resulted? 4. What social challenges arose during the individual or team effort, and how were the social challenges resolved ? ( within a corporation ? family ? society at large ? other ? ) 5. What recognition, if any, did the investigator receive

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

entire book.Week three: Summarize the book in a single page (three paragraphs), which explain 1. What were the social and technical settings of the time ? 2. What was the particular technical challenge addressed, and why was it important ? 3. What was discovered/found, and how was it received by competitors, professionals (corporate management, etc), family, friends and society ?Week four: In nine-ten pages, respond to the following questions: 1. What technical challenge did s/he address? 2. Why did the investigator(s) undertake the task(s) of interest ? 3

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Frances Stewart; Malgorzata Zywno, Ryerson University

, FL (2005). Her research interests are in a cross-section of cognition and technology. Together with Dr. Zywno she is a holder of a nationally funded grant to support their research in engineering education. She is a member of ASEE, SME, and a registered Professional Engineer.Malgorzata Zywno, Ryerson University MALGORZATA S. (GOSHA) ZYWNO Gosha Zywno, M.Eng. (U. of Toronto), Ph.D. (Glasgow Caledonian U.), is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Ryerson University. Dr. Zywno is a recipient of several university, national and international teaching excellence and achievement awards, including the 2005 ASEE Sharon Keillor Award, 2002 3M Teaching Fellowship and 2005 Canadian

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Engineering Education I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

rebecca devasher, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Patrick Ferro, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Sudipa Mitra-Kirtley; David Mutchler, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; shannon sexton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Anneliese Watt, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Julia Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

this option.AcknowledgementsThis project is funded in part by Microsoft Research, as well as with support fromHewlett-Packard Philanthropy, DyKnow, Inc., and our institution.Bibliography[1] DyKnow Vision, Inc. http://www.dyknowvision.com/[2]T. Angelo and P. Cross. Classroom Assessment Techniques: A Handbook for College Teachers. 2nd ed. SanFrancisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1993.[3] S. Kirtley interviewed in “New Interactive Software Is an A+ Tool,” Converge Online. [Online]. Available:http://www.convergemag.com/story.php?catid=232&storyid=96769[4] S. Kirtley, D. Mutchler, J. Williams, et al, “The world is our classroom.” Presentation at the HP HigherEducation Mobile Technology Solutions Conference, November 4-5, 2004.[5] S. Kirtley, Z. Chambers

Conference Session

Effective Tools for Teaching Engineering Economy

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phil Rosenkrantz, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

S F W F W S Su F W Su F Instructional 02 02 03 03 04 04 04 04 05 05 05 Assessment n=65 n=54 n=27 n=57 n=25 n=36 n=42 n=32 n=32 n=36 n=27 How effectively does the 1 instructor organize and 4.67 4.31 4.42 4.65 4.44 4.53 4.75 4.63 4.75 4.69 4.56 structure the course? How well does the instructor 2 define and meet objectives 4.68 4.30 4.24 4.62 4.48 4.56 4.52 4.53 4.59 4.57 4.59 of the course? How well does the instructor 3 arouse interest and transmit 4.45 4.11 3.96 4.37 4.00 4.37 4.19 4.41

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alhaji Cherif, Cornell University; Gary Fleming, University of Maryland; Siaka Kroma, Cornell University

Page 12.1304.3section of the paper. The other problem, as the authors have observed among their tutees, students and friends,is that a student who is proficient at solving problems often experiences difficulties inarticulating methods for solving the problem. If a student knows how to read and approach,and/or can decode mathematical and scientific texts, s/he will still encounter problems if s/he isnot able to distinguish between various terms, their usage, and significance in specific contexts.So the student’s ability to solve problems is an indication that some information they obtain hasbeen transferred to long-term memory where s/he can easily recall the topics, but it is obviousthat not all of the information was transmitted. Most

Conference Session

New Approaches to the Development of Online Learning and International Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Batts, East Carolina University; Richard Monroe, East Carolina University; Leslie Pagliari, East Carolina University; Sherion Jackson, East Carolina University; Cheryl McFadden, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

., & Simmons A. (1998). Affinity disciplines and the use of the principles of good practice for undergraduate education. Research in Higher Education, 39(3), 299-318.4. Buckley, K. (2003). How principles of effective online instruction correlate with student perceptions of their learning. Orlando, FL: University of Central Florida.5. Busch, S., & Johnson, S. A. (2005). Professors' Transition to Online Instruction. Distance Learning. 2, 29- 346. Chickering, A. W., & Ehrmann, S. C. (1996). Implementing the seven principles: Technology as a lever. American Association of Higher Education Bulletin.7. Chickering, A., & Gamson, Z. (Eds.). (1987). Seven principles for good practice in undergraduate

Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joachim Walther, University of Queensland; David Radcliffe, University of Queensland

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

demands of professional engineering practice.Major reviews of education in the 1990’s in the USA2 and in Australia 3, resulted in significantchanges in both countries. The respective reports resulted in ABET’s Program Outcomes(EC2000)4 and the Australian Graduate Attributes5 (AMEA), which both advocated a shift of theinstructional paradigm from the previously input-, content- and process-oriented system to anoutcomes-based approach.The concept of outcomes-based education revolves around a list of desired educationaloutcomes. In the application of this concept to instructional design, the outcomes are brokendown into learning objectives6, 7, subsequently learning activities are selected and delivered inorder to achieve the learning outcomes. The

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paris von Lockette, Rowan University; Eric Constans, Rowan University; Jennifer Courtney, Rowan University; Kevin Dahm, Rowan University; William Riddell, Rowan University; Roberta Harvey, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students progress from basic data collection and reverse engineering projects throughmore open-ended, industry-sponsored capstone design experiences. The team ofmultidisciplinary faculty from Engineering and Communications who teach the sophomore levelcourses have observed the difficulty students have tackling the fundamental open-ended natureof true design problems and have subsequently revised the sequence. For the Fall of 2005 theSophomore Clinic sequence was revised to introduce Dym et al.’s converging-divergingframework for design by incorporating a series of three projects of increasing complexity withaccompany activities designed to reinforce the converging-diverging concepts. For the thirdproject in the series, roughly sixty students

Conference Session

Educational Software

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Rynne, University of Limerick; William Gaughran, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

curriculum. Overallthe work adds to knowledge of how best to train and teach PM, informs the debate on the bestpedagogical approaches, identifies modelling issues about how and where to start on themodelling journey, about how best to develop 3D modelling capabilities in users.Bibliography1. Bhavnani, S. K., John, B. E. & Fleming, U. (1999) The Strategic Use of CAD: An Empirically Inspired, Theory-Based Course. Proceedings of CHI 1999, May 15-20.2. Bhavnani, S. K. & John, B. E. (1996) Exploring the Unrealised Potential of Computer-Aided Drafting.3. Bhavnani, S. K. (2000) Designs Conducive to the Use of Efficient Strategies. Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems 2000.4. Hartman, N. W. (2004) Defining Expertise in the Use

Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Froyd, Texas A&M University; Larissa Pchenitchnaia, Texas A&M University; Debra Fowler, Texas A&M University; Nancy Simpson, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

intend students to learn as a result of instruction41. Theoriginal taxonomy was developed by Benjamin S. Bloom42 in the early 50s and it hassince been translated into 22 languages and is one of the most widely applied and mostoften cited references in education43. The original taxonomy represented a multi-tieredmodel of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity:Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation. Thetaxonomy was later revised by Lorin W. Anderson and David R. Krathwohl40 and the sixlevels of learning in the revised Bloom’s taxonomy (together with representative verbsused to write learning outcomes at each level of learning) are:‚ Remember (recognize, recall…)‚ Understand

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Part 2

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mica Hutchison, Purdue University; Deborah Follman, Purdue University; George Bodner, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

: National Academies Press, 2007.4. Bandura, A., Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1997.5. Pajares, F., "Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings," Review of Educational Research, Vol. 66, No. 4,1996, pp. 543-578.6. Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., Schmidt, J., Brenner, B., Lyons, H. and Treistman, D., "Relation of ContextualSupports and Barriers to Choice Behavior in Engineering Majors: Test of Alternative Social Cognitive Models,"Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 50, No. 4, 2003, pp. 458-465.7. Schaefers, K. G., Epperson, D. L. and Nauta, M. M., "Women's Career Development: Can TheoreticallyDerived Variables Predict Persistence in Engineering Majors?," Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 44, 1997,pp

Conference Session

Global Engineering in an Interconnected World

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Mariasingam, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Thomas Smith, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Gregory Moses, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Tagged Divisions

International

growing multinational organizations. 8 • An increasing presence of multinational R&D facilities is in countries like China and India. 8 • The level of R&D in the India and China is growing. 8,9,10 • Of the growing trained workforce in the emerging economic environments, a large number of them would prefer to stay home and work for a multinational firm than move overseas. 11 • Even those who are already in the developed economies may move back home because of the changing work environments. 11,12 • The global competition for S&E workforce is growing. Countries like the UK, Ireland, Germany and Australia are actively in the pursuit of trained workforce from the developing economies

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to ME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Avitabile, University of Massachusetts-Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

d x dx & EQUATION OF MOTION m - c - kx ? f ( t ) 2 dt 2 dt 1 /|yt NUMERICAL PROCESSING h(t ) ? e sin yd t DISPLACEMENT INTEGRATION / DIFFERENTIATION myd a1 a1* h (s

Conference Session

The Impact of Curriculum on the Retention of Women Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Backer, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

tocollege rather than because of a specific interest in this subject matter. Considering this to be thecase, perhaps this course and other similar freshmen-level experiences should be designed toprimarily prepare the student for the rigor of university-level work rather than be an indepthanalysis of a specific topic. For the next offering of this class, I plan on reevaluating its contentto make sure that the content appeals to more students.Bibliography1 Lau, A. S., Pangborn, R. N., Wise, J. C., & Marra, (2001) R. M. Student assessments of engineering first-yearseminars. Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.Session 2793.2 Hasenberg, C., Natter, B., & Sukhwant, J. (2005

Conference Session

New Models for Teaching and Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Morozov, University of Washington; Deborah Kilgore, University of Washington; Cynthia Atman, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

su at al rro nk er l un di ng s Figure 3: Interpretation of Midwest Floods Problem codesThe aggregate percentages of statements within the design detail and design context areas of thecoding scheme are shown in Table 5. Design detail refers to the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Klingbeil, Wright State University; Kuldip Rattan, Wright State University; Michael Raymer, Wright State University; David Reynolds, Wright State University; Richard Mercer, Wright State University; Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati; Brian Randolph, University of Toledo

AC 2007-1116: A NATIONAL MODEL FOR ENGINEERING MATHEMATICSEDUCATIONNathan Klingbeil, Wright State University Nathan W. Klingbeil is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Robert J. Kegerreis Distinguished Professor of Teaching at Wright State University. He is the lead PI for WSU's National Model for Engineering Mathematics Education. He is the recipient of numerous awards for his work in engineering education, including the CASE Ohio Professor of the Year Award (2005) and the ASEE North Central Section Outstanding Teacher Award (2004).Kuldip Rattan, Wright State University Kuldip S. Rattan is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Wright State University

Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tuba Pinar Yildirim, University of Pittsburgh; Joel Townsend, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Harvey Wolfe, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

priority. At recent engineering educationconferences (e.g. Best Assessment Processes in Engineering Education Symposiums, ASEE, FIE)the number of evolving approaches for evaluating engineering programs, as well asmethodologies for measuring various student outcomes is growing more rich. Yet, severaltroublesome issues still remain. First, most of these “assessment” methods had not been fullyevaluated. Second, many focus on final products via performance appraisals particular to theoutcome(s) using rubrics as the assessment tool. Third, many engineering administrators stillvoiced concerns about the costs associated with organizing, implementing and maintaining aneffective assessment program, given limited resources of time, people (i.e. raters), and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Frederick Berry, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

meetings, written and oral communication skills, ethics and professionalism, completion of team project(s). • ECE 362 (Principles of Design): A junior-level course covering conceptual design, scheduling, project management, business plan, market survey, and budgeting that culminates in a written proposal and oral presentation requesting funds for development of a product.We report on the results of our using this method of giving student-generated feedback, whichhas been successfully used by hundreds of engineering students over the course of several yearsat RHIT. The paper and the poster examine CPR™’s approach to implementing peer review andhow these methods measure up to generalized expectations

Conference Session

IE Curriculum Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sophia Scott, Southeast Missouri State University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

learning effectiveness requires careful planning.• Link the Web lessons with the face-to-face meetings.The number of blended courses in engineering education will continue to increase. Faculty andstudents will demand more blended modalities as the benefits to teaching and learning areexplored. Blended courses can offer student satisfaction and cost savings. The blended classroomcan be the best of both worlds!References1. Moore, J. C., “The Sloan Consortium Quality Framework and the Five Pillars. On Access. News and Noteworthy in Effective Practices,” Sloan-C View: Perspectives in Quality Online Education, 5(4), 2005, 1-72. Freeman, S. A., & Field, D. W., “Student Perception of Web-based Supplemental Instruction,” The Journal of

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shane Brown, Washington State University; Karyn Hildreth, Washington State University

. UPS is known for having a very low turnover rate. Thewaiting list to become a driver for the company is years long because employees do not leave thecompany. This is believed to be a consequence of the relationships between employees, andemployees and employers. These good relationships developed because UPS has a horizontalhierarchy management system versus a vertical one. The horizontal system allows employees tofeel like everyone they work with is a peer. Where a vertical hierarchy fosters suspicion anddistrust, a horizontal system fosters trust and interaction. The social capital developed under thismanagement system is very strong and has resulted in happy employees.In 1988, James S. Coleman5 became the first researcher to tie social