Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noah Salzman, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University and Central Queensland University; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

standards, reflecting the increasing acceptance of engineering at the K-12 leveland its potential value to students. In addition to promoting outcomes that benefit all studentsregardless of career aspirations such as increased math and science achievement and greatertechnological literacy, K-12 engineering programs have been identified as a means of recruitingand retaining potential students in engineering.The growth of precollege engineering programs means that increasing numbers of incomingengineering students will have had some exposure to engineering prior to their enrollment inengineering programs. However, the impact of precollege engineering experiences onundergraduate engineering students is relatively unexplored. To address this lack

Conference Session

Mentoring Minorities: Effective Programs, Practices, and Perspectives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lesia L. Crumpton-Young, The Center for Advancing Faculty Excellence; Anna V. Elde, The Center for Advancing Faculty Excellence; Kate Ambrose, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Landscape: Summary of a Summit, 57.11. Payton, F. C. (2004). Making STEM Careers More Accessible. Black Issues in Higher Education, 21(2), 90.12. National Science Board. (2012). Science and Engineering Indicators 2012. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.13. Fifolt, M., & Searby, L. (2010). Mentoring in Cooperative Education and Internships: Preparing Proteges for STEM Professions. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 11(1), 17-26.14. Packard, B. W. L. (2004). Mentoring and retention in college science: Reflections on the sophomore year. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 6(3), 289-300

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natasa S. Vidic, University of Pittsburgh; Nur Ozge Ozaltin; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Page 24.911.1 using pre- and post- concept inventories to assess improvement, an online reflection tool to assess pro- cess, and a grading rubric to assess the solution (general model and specific solution). We are identifying numerous problem solving processes used by the student teams, as well as the range of problems that c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Paper ID #10443 can be addressed, to determine how effective the various processes are relative to improved conceptual understanding. Collaborators Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh, Larry Shuman, University

Conference Session

An Examination of Methods to Enhance Transfer Student Enrollment, Retenion, Persistence, and Outcomes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B. Knight, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Inger M. Bergom, University of Michigan; Brian A. Burt, University of Michigan; Lisa R. Lattuca, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

student success is parental education levels, which appear to affectstudents’ likelihoods of majoring in science and engineering26 as well as their probabilities ofearning a bachelor’s degree in any field27.Academic preparation as reflected in high school GPA, high school class rank, and standardizedtest scores is also a significant predictor of college academic performance28,29. One early studyof more than 36,000 college students found that a student’s high school records and SAT scoreswere positively related to academic performance in college18. Similarly, data on over 1,000freshmen engineers at Penn State indicated that high school GPA and grades in calculus andphysics were the best predictors of persistence in engineering in the first two

Conference Session

Raise the Bar – Visions for the Future, Bodies of Knowledge, and Accreditation Vicissitudes.

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stuart G. Walesh P.E., S. G. Walesh Consulting

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

statesof completion, have raised awareness of BOKs and have provided lessons in how todevelop and implement them.Numerous volunteers worked long and hard to develop the NSPE mission-vision-values,produce the NAE report, and initiate BOK efforts in various engineering disciplines. TheNSPE EBOK effort benefitted from those earlier efforts. This reflects a lesson learned asa result of ASCE’s development of the CEBOK. That lesson was to stand respectfullyand thankfully on the shoulders of others. 2The Body of Knowledge ConceptA profession’s BOK is its common intellectual ground – it is shared by everyone in theprofession regardless of employment or engineering discipline. The EBOK, as used inthis paper, is defined as the depth and breadth of knowledge

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy V Ernst, Virginia Tech; Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

(n) (n) 52 50 0 717.500 <0.0001ConclusionsThis study was conducted with the premise that forms of assessment can be extended orbuilt upon to reflect the needs and values of a discipline. Specifically, the researcherswanted to see if replacing the PSVT-VOR with one that uses pictures of everyday objects(i.e. Pictorial VRT), that by common everyday associations students might do betterusing images on visual-based tests. But, as the findings indicate it is just the opposite,students that participated in this study did statistically better using the traditionalgeometry or isometric drawing version of the same test that was repurposed witheveryday images.Based on the

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Learning 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy K. Lape, Harvey Mudd College; Rachel Levy, Harvey Mudd College; Darryl H. Yong, Harvey Mudd College; Karl A. Haushalter, Harvey Mudd College; Rebecca Eddy, Cobblestone Applied Research & Evaluation, Inc.; Nancy Hankel, Cobblestone Applied Research & Evaluation, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

faculty Page 24.1006.2members, who taught in both conditions, also completed reflection papers related to theirexperiences. The following describes guiding research questions for the study.Research questions: 1. Do students in inverted classrooms spend additional time actively working with instructors on meaningful tasks in comparison to those students in control classrooms? 2. Do students in inverted classrooms show higher learning gains as compared to students in traditional classrooms? 3. Do students in inverted classrooms demonstrate an increased ability to apply material in new situations as compared to students in

Conference Session

FPD 7: Beyond Course Content

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Nathan E. Canney PE, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

courses contributed to their views of SR. Atthe small public university all of the civil and environmental engineering students worked on SL projects,but 21% still indicated that none of their courses contributed to their understanding of SR. These resultsseem to indicate that the impacts of courses on the SR of students may be more limited than instructorsintend. This may reflect a typical dichotomy between “what is taught” versus “what is learned”. It mayalso indicate that instructors should use reflective essays or in-class discussions to encouragemetacognition and thinking around how engineering can and should try to positively impact society andhelp underserved populations.26Ethics provides a counter example to the minimal impact of courses

Conference Session

Emerging Computing and Information Technologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles B. Owen, Michigan State University; Sarah Coburn, Michigan State University; Jordyn Castor

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

rubber bands. Wire allowed the instructor tocreate links that reflected those on the drawing, with bends and a single, sturdy line. Rubber Page 24.1167.6bands allowed the student to modify the diagram herself. Roles were indicated on associationsusing smaller Post-it notes, also with Braille.A set of foam symbols was found at a local craft store that included several symbols close to theUML symbols used on edges. Figure 3 shows some of these symbols and their correspondingUML element. The zero, one, and star symbols represented the most common multiplicities.Inheritance was indicated using a triangle. Composition was indicated with the two

Conference Session

General Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Perry Samson, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

’ learningprocesses, and reflect on their own teaching (Merceron and Yacef, 2005, Romero and Ventura,2007, Baker and Yacef, 2009, Baker, 2010) Several Educational Data Mining studies of student Page 24.1181.4behavior in online and other educational tools revealed differences between groups of students interms of such variables as level of participation in discussion boards (Anaya and Boticario, 2009),Questions & Answers boards, completion of assignments, and annotations (Zakrzewska, 2008,Anaya and Boticario, 2009, Macfadyen and Dawson, 2010). Each of these studies has helped tovalidate these techniques as methods of identifying pedagogically interesting

Conference Session

FPD 4: Peers and Perceptions

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Pow, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, RIT; María Helguera, Rochester Institute of Technology; Elizabeth Pieri, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology; Sadie Wolters; Michael Glynn Augspurger, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology; Briana A. Neuberger, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology; Victoria Scholl, Rochester Institute of Technology; Elizabeth Bondi, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

succeed, and where institutions support such communities of learners.3 Higher education should produce new frames of understanding by piloting new ideas, tools, and approaches to keep students’ learning on the cutting edge.4In 2010 the Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, an imaging systems engineeringdepartment at the Rochester Institute of Technology, developed and implemented a newfreshman-level course, known as the Freshman Imaging Project, which embodies thispedagogical framework. While the architects of this new pedagogy wanted it to reflect the mostrecent research on STEM education, it was also built upon other fundamental beliefs. Forexample, the belief that first year students are capable of understanding advanced

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine L. Cohan, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Alexander C. Yin, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Amy L. Freeman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Javier Gomez-Calderon, Penn State University; Janice M. Margle P.E., Pennsylvania State University, Abington; Jill L. Lane, Clayton State University; Dhushy Sathianathan, California State University, Long Beach; Renata S. Engel P.E., Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

about students’ majors in Year 1 and Year 2 reflecttheir pre-major status or preferences. Retention data about students’ majors in Year 3 reflect themajor into which they were admitted after going through the Entrance-to-Major process. Becauseit reflects objective major status rather than preferences and is available for students exposed tothe three interventions, we focus on retention in Year 3 rather than on graduation rates. Math Tutoring OutcomesTo improve performance and retention in the foundational math classes for STEM majors, wepresent data on two math interventions administered for the eight semesters of the project. Fourcampuses instituted a 1-credit weekly tutoring class taken in conjunction with

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Robert A. Hilton

binary file. These improvement in the flash time of the chipKIT flash tool.checksums exist to protect against incorrect programming. TABLE I. ECU CAN BUS COMMANDS (ALL VALUES IN HEX)When a binary file is modified, these checksums need to be EID D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8updated to reflect the programming changes. This is done so Whole Bus FFFFE FF 86 00 00 00 00 00 00that modified binary files that were manipulated for the Silence

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Salamahn Mill; Dafe Ukaivbe; Weiwei Zhu

pixels for CCS pixels q.k =digital value of band k of pixel q In the base image, for each pixel in the CCS area, we will ED + = ( p.k − q.k ) 2search for its most similar pixel. In another word, we need to if ED ≠ 0 // Makes sure p and qlook for a pixel with the most similar surface reflectance // are not identicalvalues in the spectral space. This is called closest spectral fit if j == 1(CSF) [1]. Since the pixels in CCS area have been spectrally

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Moijue Kaikai; Erin D. Baker

Research- participatory action research through means operations, and multiple step problem solving. Whenof community reflective and progressive problem solving- implemented with the nine Upward Bound students, they hadinclude the improvement of practice through continual learning great familiarity with these areas in their past physics course.and progressive problem solving, a deep understanding of We got through the seven example problems within the

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Sapan Parikh; Amish Patel; Syed Rizvi

a communication and effective utilization of availablecertain extent because there is always much redundancy in the bandwidth. If data packet is routed through many intermediatedata. Finally, most applications in WSNs are mission critical, nodes, the advantage of reducing packet size is additive.which reflects the importance of applications [10]. A data packet consists of two main parts: packet header and A wireless Sensor Network is envisioned as consisting of payload. Packet header contains important information like thehundreds or thousands of sensor nodes distributed across address of sensor node, timestamp and

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

Sukhmander Singh

faculty.Program Educational Objectives (PEO) were acceptable in 2004 but were not acceptable in 2010.We were conscientious of the need for periodic revisions of PEO and had determined that norevision/changes were warranted for 2010. This is not to reflect upon evaluators’ capability butto point out that because of the lack of set standards for evaluations, an evaluator cannot escapesubjectivity.On employer survey and advisory board. Often, it has not been easy to make industry takeenthusiastic participation in the assessment instrument such as an employer survey. Very few Proceedings of the 2014 American Society for Engineering Education Zone IV Conference Copyright © 2014, American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Firas Akasheh, Tuskegee University; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

solving by connecting diagnosed problems with solution types42. Participatingin review encourages student reviewers to reflect upon their own skills while examining peerwork43-44.Some of the emerging technologies are also enabling new ways of peer review. For example,online videos changed the way we create, view and share videos online today. With smartphoneslike the iPhone, and phones running on Android and Windows operating systems, it is effortlessto create, share and evaluate videos using the basic features phones offer. Videos can be aneffective media to quickly generate content and provide feedback to peers.Overview of Teaching to Learn: The SystemAs part of our work, we intend to test the potential of technology-enhanced peer-learning

Conference Session

Integration of Engineering and Other Disciplines (Including Liberal Arts)

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arthur Felse, Northwestern University; Igor Kourkine

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

instructors from industry, who brought a truly multi-disciplinary character to these courses. Finally, we gave students numerous opportunities topractice their critical thinking skills by answering non-trivial questions, formulating decisions,and reflecting on their actions.Motivation for the sequence of technology commercialization coursesA recent survey of engineering students showed that 41% of them wanted to start their ownbusinesses, and 66% thought that entrepreneurship education would strengthen their careerprospects and improve their learning experiences8,9. Another survey showed that 50% of facultyand administrators believed that access to entrepreneurship programs would improve engineeringeducation10. These statistics show that many people

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Courses and Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Brian Thomas, Trine University; Andrea Mitofsky, Trine University; Vukica M. Jovanovic, Old Dominion University; John Eiler

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

multidisciplinary teams during their senior capstone courses. The design module wasintroduced in the fall 2011 semester, and was repeated in fall 2012 and fall 2013. Anassessment, conducted with current and former participants in fall 2013, demonstrates theefficacy of the project.1. INTRODUCTION.The engineering education community has embraced the concept of multidisciplinary designover the past two decades 1-3. This movement reflects a renewed emphasis on design in theengineering curriculum, particularly at the freshman (cornerstone) and senior (capstone) levels 4.The benefit of training engineers to work in multidisciplinary teams is self-evident whenconsidering the integration of mechanical design, electronics, software, human factors andergonomics, and

Conference Session

Assessment of Learning in ECE

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Youakim Kalaani, Georgia Southern University; Rami Jubrail Haddad, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

) Page 24.124.6Assessment ResultsAs stated earlier, the assessment process of student learning outcomes is based on direct andindirect measurements. Table 3 shows the results of indirect measurements, or surveys, as meanaverages on a scale of 5 of the appropriateness of student learning outcomes as perceived byPAC members, EE faculty and EE students. (Note: twenty samples of students’ responses wereused as feedback). Survey results indicated that all outcomes met the target level (3.5), exceptthat outcome ‘i’ is slightly below (3.4) target, reflecting the faculty’s desire to enhance “students’ability to conduct research in the electrical engineering discipline as part of a life-long learning.” Table 3- Appropriateness of Student Outcomes

Conference Session

The Nature of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Session 4

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James L. Barnes, James Madison University; Susan Kubic Barnes, James Madison University; Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Page 24.393.3metabolisms, biological (cycles of nature) and technical (cycles of industry), provide anunderstanding of systems of nature, how phenomena in nature exist, and how humans think thoseenvironments ought to be. The concept deals with the integrative relationship of how sciencestarts with a problem and is guided by theory and reflective experience, while technology resultsin solutions which in turn help generate new theories, a new way of thinking about complexsocial problems called naturalistic sustainability3. Not infrequently, the solutions in themselvesgenerate subsequent downstream problems that also must be considered. Having students learnhow to construct and use mental models is essential to develop a new way of thinking

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James M. Widmann, California Polytechnic State University; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

process is beingemployed. An initial mass-pulley demonstration was developed that mimicked question 13 fromthe DCI (DCI – Q13) and was presented to an Intermediate Dynamics Class as a demonstration.Based on initial feedback, the IBLA was finalized and deployed as a hands-on activity tostudents in an introductory Dynamics class. Student learning through the IBLA is supported by ahomework problem assigned during the same week as the activity. Assessment of effectivenesswas provided through pre-post DCI results, in class quizzes, embedded midterm problems andwritten student reflections. At the same time, the authors videotaped individuals from separatecohorts to better understand and identify sources of student misconceptions and how they mightbe

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.); Radian G. Belu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

including vibration, acoustic emission, cuttingdynamometers (existing equipment) are used for remote process monitoring and control. Dataacquisition and processing for tool breakage and quality control of machined parts has beenadded to the course curriculum. MET316 reflect the competitive trend in the evolution ofmanufacturing towards increased flexibility, high speed machining, remote quality control,sensors, and Internet-based information and communication technologies using CNC systemsand simulators. Students will be able to study parametric programming techniques to run in-process gauging and tool setting probes. The students will convert a CNC machine tool into acoordinate measuring machine, which will eliminate post-process part inspection

Conference Session

Enhancing Success/Peristence at Two-Year Colleges

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan G. Dimitriu, San Antonio College; Jerry O'Connor, San Antonio College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

Algebra. The next program iterations includedIntroduction to Computing and then Introductory Physics as substitutes, along with self-pacedcomputer-based math enrichment programs such as Plato. The substitute courses did not providetransferable credits (for STEM degrees) however, and as enrollments remained flat we continuedto seek new program innovations. One of the annual modifications that turned out to be verypopular was a robotics project. This element has become a permanent fixture of the program.During this period a multitude of engineering summer bridge programs were introduced inalmost every school across the country and in our area 8,9,10, 11. The students had multiple choicesto spend their summers and enrollment reflected these

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jianyu Dong, California State University, Los Angeles; Huiping Guo, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

goal under realistic constraints Week 8 –network with optimal performance: 2) Be able to reflect the knowledge and apply skills Week 10An open-ended design project that acquired thru the previous projects to develop design planrequires the student teams to define 3) Develop ability to find and evaluate available technicaltheir design goals, do research on information from various sourcesvarious network components, consider 4) Be able to present the design clearly in both oral andpractical needs and constraints, present written formattheir design plan, do simulations and 5) Be able to use OPNET to evaluate the performance andselect the best design with optimal validate the

Conference Session

Spatial Ability & Visualization Training II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yingjie Victor Chen, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Zhenyu Cheryl Qian, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

information systems as a new informationvisualization subdomain that complements the focus on analytic tasks, and also providesanalytics, awareness, social, and reflective sights.A Collaborative Design Process The mini-challenge of “Situation Awareness Display Design” started in the beginning ofMay and its submission deadline was on July 8, 2013. We organized a team with two ComputerGraphics Technology (CGT) students, three Interaction Design (IXD) students and two faculties.The seven team members started to actively work on these challenges from the middle of May.The two faculties, one come from CGT, one come from IXD, served in multiple roles –supervisor, teacher, collaborator, and researcher to study the collaboration process. The

Conference Session

Enhancing the Underrepresented Student Experience

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel; Kevin C. Bower PE, The Citadel; Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Elizabeth Connor, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

ExCEL-SCstudent cohorts comprised of robust student enrichment components focusing onacademic performance, academic growth, academic success, directed academic reflection,life skills development, learning community participation, and supportive facultyguidance.Objective 3: To provide an enhanced leadership development program focusing onprincipled leadership in civil engineering, as well as developing professional leadershipskills. To develop student leadership skills through a broad-based program for ExCEL-SC student cohorts including interaction with professional mentors, meetings withengineering leaders, involvement in community service projects, engineering field trips,and participation in forums on leadership aspects of overarching

Conference Session

Evaluation of Ethical Development

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jill L. May, Illinois Institute of Technology; Alan Mead, Illinois Institute of Technology; James Kemp Ellington, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

practical application. Moreover,most of the work on applied ethics has focused on individual level development.4 Little attentionhas been paid to how students think about ethics and make decisions at a team level. This lack of Page 24.537.2emphasis on different levels of ethical understanding may not be reflective of how applied ethicsare used in real life situations.Creating assessments for engineering ethics has presented a significant challenge. Assessmentsare often created for single interventions and cannot be applied consistently across thecurriculum.5 Little research has focused on how to effectively assess ethical interventions in

Conference Session

Construction Safety and Risk Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Essam K. Zaneldin P.E., United Arab Emirates University; Amr M.I. Sweedan, United Arab Emirates University; Munjed A. Maraqa, United Arab Emirates University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

. Page 24.589.6 Figure 1: Background Information about the Surveyed EngineersSome of the surveyed engineers are nationals of countries outside the MENA region but theygraduated from universities in the MENA and worked in the region. Also, more than 65% of therespondents graduated in the year 2000 and after and, as such, the overall opinion of thesurveyed engineers is likely to reflect the current situation in terms of construction safetyeducation. It was also found that, 57% of the surveyed engineers have a degree in civilengineering while 22% have a degree in architectural engineering. The remaining (21%) have adegree in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, or other engineering disciplines.When