Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

David Lemar Simpson, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Catlin Wells; Tes Cotter Zakrzewski EdD, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Nicole Price

Tagged Topics

Diversity

GROW: An Equity-Minded Framework to Support the Integration of Equity and Inclusion in Learning2020 brought awareness to many issues surrounding equity and inclusion across the nation. In collegesand universities around the country, open forums on systemic racism and gender bias allowed newvoices to shine through and strategic plans on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) to be reimagined. Acommon theme that has emerged from these discussions is the critical need to effectively integrateequity and inclusion into the teaching and learning environment. As equity-minded institutions, we havea responsibility to not only meet our students where they are at, but also our faculty. Thus, wedeveloped a framework that provides faculty with a self

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Mechanics Applied and the Best in Five... Get Ready!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Battistini, Angelo State University; Guillermo Alvarez

confusing for a newengineer to recognize a tearout because it will usually still occur on the angled path. The plan forthe experiments in this research is to allow students to see the failure modes predicted and howthey actually fail in real life. Figure 3: Typical Real World Failure Path versus the Idealized Failure Path used in AISC Equation J3-6c,d,fProject ObjectiveTo document the design, construction, and experimental testing of bolted/welded steelconnections to compare real world failure modes to theoretical calculations using AISC limitstate design philosophy.Approach/Methodology ● Research existing literature and online resources available for bolted/welded steel connection and member

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Danilo Leal, Universidad Andres Bello, Vina del Mar, Chile; Genaro Zavala, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

undergraduate students at sixuniversities was conducted to determine whether a predictive model to estimate students' choiceswere possible. They identified three primary factors: academic reputation, distance from home,and location. They surveyed 650 first-year students in the accounting and engineering disciplinesand performed a mean and factor analysis.Another published work [14] studied the factors that influenced the choice of a university in whichthe approach was from a marketing point of view. Recommendations were that the institutionshould consider establishing its image or market position, identifying its competitors, determiningthe needs of different market segments, and developing a marketing plan to promote its service.This study is mainly

Conference Session

Professional Skills and Community Building in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Betul Bilgin, The University of Illinois at Chicago; James Pellegrino, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Cody Mischel, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Lewis Wedgewood, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Vikas Berry, The University of Illinois at Chicago

, retaining, and pursuing theengineering profession [24-26] and better predict the long-term persistence of freshman students[27]. Underrepresented groups like women, who often perceive engineering as a male field,especially experience an identity conflict and gender roles affect their retention in engineering[28,29].The Current StudyThe current study aims to bring up-to-date industry-relevant problems into the classroom and doso by having students interact with industry professionals who pose the problems for students tosolve in a scaffolded manner. It employs design-based research (DBR approach) [30-33] withmultiple cycles of implementation. Our research plan includes one baseline condition (Spring2021) and two cycles of enactment (Fall 2021 and

Conference Session

Supporting Transfer Pathways

Collection

2022 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Radha Aravamudhan, San Jose State University; Maria Chierichetti, San Jose State University

Tagged Topics

Conference Submission, Diversity

barriers to graduating and extend the time to graduate for transferstudents. To support transfer students, 2- and 4- year universities need to establish articulationagreements that guarantee credits will transfer toward required coursework within the major. Forexample, the state of California has well-defined agreements between community colleges and theCalifornia State University system (CSU) as well as the University of California system (UC) [5].Students can build their transfer plan of study on the ASSIST.org platform based on the existingagreements by defining their 2-year college and the major they would like to transfer to in the 4year university[5]. Other aspects that facilitate the transfer process are the possibility of

Conference Session

Innovation In Teaching - I

Collection

2022 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Matthew J Haslam, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Prescott

Tagged Topics

Conference Submission

solutions and quantitatively rank them against the requirements. 4. Develop the selected design concept into a preliminary design typically including CAD models and a system performance model; this step often involves lower-level trade studies. 5. Develop a detailed design ready for prototype manufacturing; formal engineering drawings document the design, and detailed analyses show compliance to requirements. 6. Validate the design through prototype testing carefully planned to confirm that the design meets the specified requirements and solves the defined problem.Capstone students struggle with each of these steps because they lack experience with theprocess. They resist documenting a clear problem statement as they assume everyone

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Newhart, United States Military Academy; Andrew Pfluger, United States Military Academy; Michael Butkus, United States Military Academy

period of 30 days during which the violation is not corrected, shall report 11 thereon to appropriate professional bodies and, when relevant, also to public authorities, and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required.No. Question Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or12 experience in the specific technical fields involved. Engineers shall not affix their signatures to plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence, but may affix their signatures to13* plans or documents not prepared under their direction and control where they have a good faith belief that such

Conference Session

Statics and Dynamics Topics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Saul, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Anna Howard, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Zo Webster, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Dan Spencer

encouraged to complete a“determine knowledge” quiz at the start of each module, which aids the system in understandingstudents’ current knowledge level for module lesson nodes and plan the optimal place for eachstudent to begin learning. As the student progresses through the lesson nodes, the system updatesitself, mapping out a personalized learning path and suggesting what students should tacklenext. Students can see a snapshot of their progress via the course overview page. This dashboardprovides them information on knowledge covered (number of activities completed), masterylevel and overall score, as well as time spent on the course. From here students can navigate toeach module where they can view their learning map (Figure 2), a personalized

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 1: Adapting to COVID and other Design Challenges

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Orser; Tiffany Ling, University of St. Thomas

Requirements Team demonstrated how the final solution satisfied the sponsor requirements (or explained the test plans created to evaluate the requirements) 6. Professionalism The team exhibited an excellent grasp of how ethics and codes/licensure affected (or would affect) their project.Figure 1 – Design show grading instructions prior to 2021In reviewing this meeting and assessing the purpose of the faculty meeting, it became clear thatthis meeting could be combined with the faculty grading into a verification meeting for 2021.The purpose of the verification meeting would be for teams to focus on the technical details oftheir work with their reviewers. These meetings were relatively brief, typically less than 30minutes, and focused on

Conference Session

PCEE Session 4: Resource / Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joselyn Busato; Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University; Kaela Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Prescott; Davide Guzzetti

. Science Standards Although this thought experiment may seem silly, these are 3-5-ETS1 Engineering Design: the types of questions that engineers must investigate when creating designs and choosing materials to work with. They 3-5 ETS1-2. Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a must be able to determine what tool will complete their problem based on how well each is desired task in the most efficient way; just like choosing the likely to meet the criteria and most efficient utensil to eat your favorite soup. In this activity, constraints of the problem. you will determine which tool will be the most effective at 3-5-ETS1-3. Plan and carry

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Dallas, Texas Tech University; Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer, Texas Tech University; Kelli Frias

Course Work Planning 21 Learning New Skills 18 Questions about Company Cultures 17 Trends in Engineering Jobs 17 Getting Ready for the Workforce 16 Time Management Issues 15 Internships 14

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 1 - STEM Outreach

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brad McCoy, United States Military Academy; Aaron Hill, United States Military Academy; Adam Tawakkol, United States Military Academy; stone sawyer, United States Military Academy; Charles Nyakundi, United States Military Academy; Cameryn Smith, United States Military Academy

students in three U.S. cities.Outreach Module DevelopmentThe module was developed by the four undergraduate engineering cadets with assistance fromtheir advisors. For the model, topics were chosen based on the cadets’ perceived knowledge ofthe topic and how well they could be understood by a younger audience who has less knowledgeof the field of study. Trusses, the inherent stability of triangles, and buckling behavior werechosen as key topics for the module. These three topics are important aspects of civilengineering, and they can be easily understood when incorporated with general knowledge, toybuilding materials (K’NEX), and real-world examples. Once the topics for the model weredetermined, the cadets met with their advisors to discuss a plan

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Developing Lab and Research Skills for BioE/BME Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Hawkins, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2021 academic year, the majority of courses at ourinstitution were offered in virtual modes (87%), while 13% of courses identified as essentialwere implemented in-person with an approved safety plan. Students were not compelled toattend face-to-face courses and were given the option to pursue virtual alternatives. In this case,we were able to offer identical material and synchronous instruction during the laboratoryactivity to virtual students. This combination of factors presented us with a unique opportunity tosimultaneously study the impact of face-to-face and virtual synchronous instruction modes.BackgroundThe structure of the Biomedical Engineering program at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo mirrors thatof many peer

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory Brozina, Youngstown State University - Rayen School of Engineering

[9] is planned to demonstrate andinstitute a sustainable model to increase low-income engineering commuter student engagement,persistence, and graduation, through a program of core elements, which combine to provide ourstudents with an empowering, cohesive academic, social, professional, and institutionalexperience.Lee & Matusovich’s MCCS framework [9], shown in Figure 1, provides the essential schema forour programmatic features, and we very deliberately include building academic, social, andprofessional integration to ubiquitously integrate support of engineering student engagement,identity navigation, and professional growth, to advance and sustain academic persistence andsuccess to graduation.Figure 1: Model of Co-Curricular

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ciprian Popoviciu, East Carolina University; Colby Sawyer, East Carolina University

scripting. Students will have the opportunity to develop integrationscripts for sensors that need to be onboarded for various projects.The CS will continue to evolve according to a clear roadmap. To further increase the usability of the CS,we plan to add local caching, additional communication interfaces, monitoring capabilities, security with aPUF (Physical Unclonable Function) [38], and a field provisioning/troubleshooting tool capable ofcommunication via Bluetooth. The development of local caching will enable the mitigation of data loss byutilizing the CS software to store small amounts of data. This will allow researchers multiple dataextraction options outside of the standard wireless communication protocol. This becomes critical whenerrors

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grace Panther, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Heidi Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Lucy Atkinson, Swarthmore College

quickproblem solving. Unlike ERT, online education involves a careful design process, withconsideration of a multitude of options depending on the context of the course, that usually takessix to nine months to plan, and improves during the second and third semester of teaching [2]. Infact, the common stigma that online learning is less effective than face-to-face instruction iscontradicted by research, which details the success of planned online courses [2]. Importantly,while online education requires a supportive community to be successful, under ERT the normalinstructor support resources are often overwhelmed [2]. Support during a crisis and other forcedinstructional changes therefore must be rethought.In engineering, online teaching has not been

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 10: Empathy and Human-centered Design

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Imane Aboutajedyne, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University; Ahmed Aboutajeddine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University; Yassine Salih Alj, Al Akhawayn University; Shawn Jordan, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

canvas, and if needed, create section for remaining notes, then b) fill out remaining sections with what they might know even if that was not documented during the observation, and finally c) mark what needs to be done later in terms of data collection and discuss how they plan to do it. The documentation on the canvas started silently and slowly shifted to a discussion about the blocks that are filled out. It was intentional to not guide Group 1 in sharing the observations to know what changewould happen when the CC is afterwards used to structure the insights by the same group andwhat themes from the context observation might come out without having a guide for possiblethemes. The objective is to see how the CC

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jinghua Zhang, Winston-Salem State University; Jinsheng Xu, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (CoE); Xiaohong Yuan, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (CoE)

level. This game has been used in the COMP420 Network Security class at NC A&T inFall 2021. We plan to use it this semester at both universities and present our findings during theposter session.Summary These games have been made available online (https://gamelab.wssu.edu/modules.htm) foreducators and students at other universities. If adopted, these will help instructors engage theirstudents in the process of learning about cyber security, improving the quality of education inthis important field. The project team will host a faculty workshop in summer 2022 to sharethese games. We will demo these games during the poster session at the conference.Acknowledgements This work is supported by NSF under the grant DUE-1821960 and 1821965. Any

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Wosczyna-Birch; Wendy Robicheau

sessionsthroughout the summit will be further discussed and presented during follow-up activities thatare being planned by the organizing committee.In addition to Technology Teams, the NCNGM has Academic & Support Teams to addresstopics such as curriculum development and pedagogy; professional skills; and access, diversity,and equity; industry partnerships. Subject matter experts on these teams assist with thedissemination of information on the additional needs of running a successful advancedmanufacturing program and guiding students into an advanced manufacturing career throughprofessional development activities such as webinars and the development of digital resourcesthat can be accessed through the NCNGM website.Student recruitment and retention in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Kepner, Hillsborough Community College; Mel Cossette, Edmonds College

areessential for NSF-ATE projects.NSF-ATE supports Emerging Technologies and technologies such as Biotechnology,Engineering, Energy, Environmental, Agricultural, Advanced Manufacturing, Micro/NanoTechnologies, Information, Security, and Geospatial. Multiple categories of NSF-ATE grantfunding are available including Projects, Small Projects for Institutions New to ATE, AppliedResearch on Technician Education, National Centers, and Resource Centers. The new NSF-ATEsolicitation (NSF 21-598) was released in 2021 and includes higher funding levels and multiplecategories of grant funding opportunities, including a new Consortia for Innovations inTechnician Education. NSF-ATE has some helpful resources for educators planning to developor improve their

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean Batista Abreu, Elizabethtown College; Kurt Degoede, Elizabethtown College; Tomas Estrada, Elizabethtown College; Brenda Read-Daily, Elizabethtown College

project submissions due every four to six weeks, it was difficult for theteams to avoid idling for a few weeks and then attempting a mad rush Hail-Mary to reach thelong-term benchmarks. Also, teams sometimes also relied too heavily on a faculty member toprovide them with a work plan for each week.With the above challenges in mind, the incorporation of the PME into our capstone sequenceaims to provide a structure to facilitate prevention and mitigation of team conflict, improved timemanagement, and increased student agency. We strive for the teams to function as self-managedunits (without a faculty “manager” directing the flow of the project) aiming for enhanced teamperformance [7]. Instead, faculty mentors serve in an advisory board, playing an

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 4- COVID and Virtual Learning

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shaoping Qiu, Texas A&M University; Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University

from Industrial Distribution Program and HFB. To design the project, we discussed theissues, identified agencies and clients, decided on data collection methods, formulated focusgroup questions, and chose survey instruments. We implemented the data collection andanalyzed the data, followed by writing a report and presenting the results. Table 1 provided thetimeline for this needs assessment project. The following paragraphs provided a detaileddescription of how we designed and executed this project.PreparationPrior to the project, two instructors from the Industrial Distribution program in the College ofEngineering worked in cooperation with HFB to plan this Project to address food access andfood security disparities in Texas. About three

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Travis Ford; Izzeldin Abuelgasim, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Charles Raleigh, University of Maryland Eastern Shore

meaningfulway. From the engineering educator’s perspective of the primary author, the rich learningexperiences of the engineering undergraduates during the execution of the project efforts werestrongly aligned with the following ABET learning outcomes stated in the new engineeringaccreditation criteria (EAC): (i) an ability to recognize ethical and professional responsibilities inengineering situations and make informed judgments, which must consider the impact ofengineering solutions in global, economic, environmental, and societal contexts (ii) an ability tofunction effectively on a team whose members together provide leadership, create a collaborativeand inclusive environment, establish goals, plan tasks, and meet objectives (iii) an ability

Conference Session

PCEE Session 4: Resource / Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Michael Helms; Caroline Greiner, Georgia Institute of Technology; Abeera Rehmat, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeffrey Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marc Weissburg; Julia Varnedoe

teacherpacing guides, student worksheets, instructional PowerPoints and videos. A classroom materials list is included. edpl.io Lesson Plans birdee.ceismc.gatech.edu Snyder, T., C. de Brey, and S. Dillow, Digest of education statistics 2016 (NCES 2017-094). Retrieved from US Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics website: https://nces. ed. gov/pubs2017/2017094. pdf, 2018.

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Fluids, Heat Transfer

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiyuan Liu, Syracuse University

concepts based on a problem-driven method. For example, when introducing theggplot2 package for R visualization, I use a real dataset “Titanic'', which contains the data for 887Titanic passengers. With the data visualization package, I demonstrate how to use different types ofgraphs to reveal the information hidden behind the data. Students are able to understand the survivors’profile based on gender, race, age and other factors using data visualization. Class plan for datavisualization is provided in Table 3. Table 3. Sample of class plan for data visualization in the lab session. Format Class Plan Estimated Time Powerpoint Slides Introduction in graph

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #11

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alireza Kavianpour, DeVry University, Pomona; Jonathan Ramirez

representative), and a final document.In this project, students learned:a- How to do researchb- Team workc- Schedulingd- How to read datasheete- How to order partsf- writing reportsg- Plan B approachh- Oral communication 127- References1-Floyd L. T., David M, B.(2013) Analog fundamentals: a systems approach. Pearson Education.2-Knight, R. D. (2013) Physics for scientists and engineers: a strategic approach with modern physics. PearsonEducation.3-Mazidi M. A., Causey, D. (2013) hcs12 microcontroller and embedded systems: using Assembly and C withCodeWarrior. Pearson Education.4-Tech Ingredients. Magnetohydrodynamics - Propelling Liquid Metal with Magnets! July 26, 2018. Retrievedfrom https

Conference Session

ERM: Instruction and Engagement

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aparajita Jaiswal, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Devang Patel, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Yi Zhu, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Jin Su Lee, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Alejandra Magana, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

from Google. The video is fourminutes long and summarizes the findings of the project Aristotle [20]. The video summarizes thefindings of a study conducted by Google with more than 180 separate software development teamsfor the duration of several years. Their goal was to identify what makes teams successful. Thevideo was played at the beginning of the class. After watching the video, students were requiredto reflect on the following three questions: (1) What do you think are the benefits of goodcommunication within a team? (2) What challenges did you experience concerningcommunication while working in your project teams? (3) What strategies do you plan toimplement to overcome team communication challenges? The course instructor gave students

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 2: Enhancing Energy-Related Education with Student Design Projects

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Adrian Criollo; Ananya Reghupathi, Northeastern University; Ansh Shah, Northeastern University; Robert Lee, Northeastern University

installedOur original wiring plan was to run two wires around the whole circumference of the wheel andsplicethe corresponding leads from the piezo sensors into them, creating a parallel circuit with anefficient use of wire for the small channel. This plan changed upon realizing the difficulty ofsoldering mid- wire, especially on wire with such a small gauge. The decision was made to use adifferent pattern, connecting the negative sides of two adjacent sensors to a short length of wire,and then bringing that wireto the next set of two sensors. The positive side would then be wired inthe same fashion in the openings left in the wiring channel between the sets of two sensors. Theresult was a cluster of wires and solder and electrical tape, but the tread

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 1: Student Success Boot Camps, Summer Bridge Programs, and Living Learning Communities

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miriam Howland Cummings, University of Colorado Denver; Maryam Darbeheshti, University of Colorado Denver; Stephanie Ivey, The University of Memphis; Craig Stewart; David Russomanno, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Danny King, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado Denver; James Campbell, The University of Memphis; Tom Altman; Michael Jacobson, University of Colorado Denver; Gregory Simon, University of Colorado Denver

rated by returning Scholars, who enjoyed the opportunity to leadsessions and serve as mentors. For 2021, the same structure was maintained (and included twocohorts serving as mentors). Math preparation was dropped from the program and moreextensive networking activities were introduced. A Scholar-led joint session across thecollaborating campuses was also added to the agenda. 2021 Bridge sessions were once againheld in person on consecutive days the week prior to the start of the fall semester.Unique AspectsOne unique aspect of the Summer Bridge program at Institution #2 was the formation of aScholar leadership team. The Scholars demonstrating strong leadership skills in the initialSummer Bridge program were invited to plan activities during

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 2: Peer Mentoring/Learning, Teaching Assistants, and Career Mentorship

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nina Telang, University of Texas at Austin; Katherine Molina-Gallo, University of Texas at Austin; Elliot Lopez-Finn, University of Texas at Austin

the weekly planning meeting with the facilitators and the professor throughout the semester, also meeting weekly with the PLUS program coordinator and fellow PCs to engage in a variety of professional topics.VI.Methodology: In this study, we use a quantitative approach to analyze the data and investigate the impact of SI/PLUS on student performance. In the future, we plan to use a mixed methods approach by codifying qualitative survey responses for deeper analyses. Three forms of quantitative data were collected: 1. SI Attendance: Attendance data was documented by the SI leader at the start of each session and reported to the Learning Center, where the SI Coordinator maintained a database that connected with the