Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Potpourri

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Benjamin B. Wheatley, Bucknell University; Elif Miskioğlu, Bucknell University; Eliana Christou, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Nicholas Tymvios, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

practices as they relate to computational modeling. He runs the Mechanics and Modeling of Orthopaedic Tissues Laboratory at Bucknell, where they use computational and experimental techniques to better understand the mechanics of musculoskeletal soft tissues and human movement.Dr. Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University Dr. Elif Miskio˘glu is an early-career engineering education scholar and educator. She holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering (with Genetics minor) from Iowa State University, and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Ohio State University. Her early Ph.D. work focused on the development of bacterial biosensors capable of screening pesticides for specifically targeting the malaria vector mosquito

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Emel Cevik, Texas A&M University; Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Jennifer Whitfield, Texas A&M University; Mathew Kuttolamadom, Texas A&M University; Jay R. Porter, Texas A&M University; Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

withdesign, engineering, and technology (DET) and their students’ STEM attitudes.A group of faculty and researchers developed the engineering-focused PD workshops to instructthe teachers about the cutting-edge technologies related to the Internet of things (IoT) and additivemanufacturing. The overarching goals of the project was to introduce underrepresented students tothe authentic engineering activities and varied career opportunities in the STEM fields andimprove students’ attitudes toward STEM through preparing their teachers to be effective inteaching these concepts in the classroom.The two-week PD workshops were held at a Research I University campus in Summer 2017 andSummer 2018. Participating teachers learned about the basics of the

Conference Session

New Directions for ET

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University; Shelly Tan, Purdue University; Liza Ann Russell, Purdue University; Mary E. Johnson Ph.D., Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

for manystudents. Especially as experiential learning becomes increasingly prevalent in curriculum designand further emphasized as an important educational tool, engineering technology is beginning togain traction as both a career path and a field of study, particularly among those seeking to spendless time in the classroom. For instance, in 2014, there were over 34,000 students who graduatedwith 2-year engineering technology degrees, versus 4,409 students who graduated with 2-yearengineering degrees, even though the number of graduates with 4-year engineering degreesremained substantially higher than those with 4-year engineering technology degrees [1].As this growth continues, it is increasingly evident that more research needs to be done

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ning Zhang, Central State University; Cadance Lowell, Central State University; Xiaofang Wei, Central State University; Desheng Liu, Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

workshop is to equip students with multidisciplinarycutting-edge theories and technologies in GIS, remote sensing, biology, and water chemistry. Itfurther improves the students’ success in their academic study and future career. In the first twoweeks of the workshop, students participated in lectures, lab experiments, technologydemonstration, field trips, research lab visiting, and etc. Through these activities, studentparticipants had opportunities to develop hands-on experience on multiple novel technologiesand instrument, including ArcMap, ArcGIS Pro, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), GPS,Inducted Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and ASD spectroradiometer. In thethird week, participants were assigned with project tasks: select an Ohio

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lisa Deane Morano, University of Houston, Downtown; Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biological and Agricultural Engineering

last number of years has therebeen a shift in the global mindset that sustainability thinking is not just a fringe idea, but that it plays animportant role in creating long-term economic health, the social stability of systems and protecting theecosystem services on which the world depends. According to the Association for the Advancement ofSustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), every college graduate today, regardless of major, will beimpacted by some aspect of sustainability in their future career [7]. Students of any major with someknowledge of sustainability principles will have an advantage in the job market.The job of universities is to educate and inspire students. The focus of the CUAS has been not to try tofix Houston

Conference Session

FPD4 - Teaching Methods for First Year Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Haungs, California Polytechnic State University; John Clements, California Polytechnic State University; David Janzen, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

present in cornerstone courses aswell.It is also important that students gain confidence early in their college careers. They should workin a domain that is familiar and, in which, they can immediately contribute. This is important fortwo reasons. First, some suggest that self-esteem issues could be one of the reasons for the lowrepresentation and retention rates of women and minorities.15 In general, improving the firstexperiences of college life for freshman significantly increases retention rates.7 Second, it solves Page 13.715.3the pedagogical issue of teaching students with wide and varied backgrounds. For example,first-year Computer

Conference Session

Professional Graduate Education & Industry

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger Olson, Rolls-Royce Corporation; Randall Holmes, Caterpillar Inc.; Donald Keating, University of South Carolina; Thomas Stanford, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

person-stunting tactics to person-growing approaches. Maslow states that educators should respond tothe potential an individual has for growing into a self-actualizing person of his/her own kind.Ten points that educators should address are listed: 1. We should teach people to be authentic, to be aware of their inner selves and to hear their inner-feeling voices. 2. We should teach people to transcend their cultural conditioning and become world citizens. 3. We should help people discover their vocation in life, their calling, fate or destiny. This is especially focused on finding the right career and the right mate. 4. We should teach people that life is precious, that there is joy to be experienced in life, and if

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Switzer, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

AC 2007-2269: ASSESSING IMPACT OF OUTREACH ACTIVITY ONMOTIVATION OF UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING STUDENTSDeborah Switzer, Clemson University Dr. Debi Switzer is a Professor of Teacher Education at Clemson University. She teaches educational psychology courses, including learning and motivation theory, measurement, and research methods. She spent the first nine years of her career as a secondary mathematics and computer science teacher. She has been at Clemson University since 1989. In 2000 Dr. Switzer was named a Governer's Distinguished Professor by the S.C. Commission on Higher Education, and she received the Award for Faculty Excellence from the Clemson Board of Trustees in 2001. In 2003 she

Conference Session

Preparing Civil Engineering Students for a Flat World

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hamilton, U.S. Military Academy; Fred Meyer, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

the future will need to beflexible, adaptive, life long learners. Much has been written about the future our students willencounter, where the “world is flat,” more technologically based, and subject to rapid advancesin all fields. All academic institutions and disciplines aim at preparing students for the future,our department’s current mission statement is: “To educate cadets in civil and mechanicalengineering, such that each graduate is a commissioned leader of character who can understand,implement, and manage technology; and to inspire cadets to a career in the United States Armyand a lifetime of personal growth and service.” This mission statement represents an intentional

Conference Session

Standards Based Approaches to K -12 Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sara Titus, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; John Raczek, University of Maryland-College Park; Bruce Jarrell, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Carolyn Parker, George Washington University; Taryn Bayles, University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Julia Ross, University of Maryland-Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

below. Page 11.1463.5I am aware of career opportunities in engineering and technology Post Pre Strongly Agree 0 Strongly Disagree 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00I have confidence in my ability to solve challenging problems Post Pre 0 Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree 1.00 1.50

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Daniel, University of Cincinnati; James Allen, University of Cincinnati; Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati

engineering andmathematics (PSTEM) career women who expressed the importance of supportive family,friends, professional organizations and mentors in achieving their career objectives. Kondrick4 Page 11.663.2later states that “the under-representation of women in physical science, technology, engineering,and mathematics (PSTEM) career fields is a persistent problem.” In her review, she states thatconfidence issues were found to be a barrier while goal-orientation was an asset. In addition,negative environments were offset by positive social support networks. While female studentsare definitely capable of high performance in mathematic and science

Conference Session

Liberal Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Moran, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

,noting that the single “A” grade was in English, and sarcastically suggesting that his son mightbetter pursue “literary engineering” rather than the real thing.1 Hickam finished his engineeringstudies and enjoyed a successful engineering career but he is best known for his “literaryengineering”, in particular a narrative of the rocket launching campaign he and his friends, all thesons of West Virginia coal miners, embarked upon in the shadow of Sputnik, a story brought tothe screen as the popular movie October Sky.Hickam is not alone. Engineering has provided a starting place for a surprising number of quitesuccessful creative writers, including poets, short story writers and novelists. These writer-engineers have won awards, gathered smash

Conference Session

Mentoring Minority Students

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter C. Lee, Virginia Tech; Kelly J Cross, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

overview of theretention strategy. Next, HMHY is described in detail. Then the assessment strategy willbe discussed as well as how the support program impacted the participating students. Thepaper concludes with advice for others interested in starting a similar program.IntroductionIn an attempt to create a positive environment and provide support to undergraduatestudents, universities often offer student support in various forms such as mentoring,living-learning communities, and summer bridge programs. This paper will focus onmentoring. Formalized mentoring is a popular form of support 1, 2 and allows individualsto provide undergraduates with career advice, success strategies, academic assistance,counseling, and encouragement 3. In situations

Conference Session

Beyond BS: Issues Affecting Graduate Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zsuzsa Balogh, Metropolitan State University of Denver; Marvin E. Criswell P.E., Colorado State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

manner as Round 2 in order to achieve more stable basic information. If the Round 2results showed little change from Round 1, then Round 3 was planned to be used to gatheradditional information on early career modes of professional preparation. Page 23.739.3Participants were instructed in Round 1 and Round 2 to describe expected achievement levelsusing Bloom’s taxonomy using Key Set #1 as follows: 1 = Knowledge, 2 = Comprehension, 3 =Application, 4 = Analysis, 5 = Synthesis, 6 = Evaluation. These key set numbers were consideredto be ordinal variables. Participants were provided the Bloom’s taxonomy definitions as part ofthe survey questionnaire

Conference Session

Electrical Energy Courses, Labs, and Projects I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hirak C Patangia, University of Arkansas, Little Rock

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

as coauthors. He was the first recipient of an NSF research initiation grant (now CAREER Award) at UALR. He has a strong grant funding record and in 2011, he received funding from NSF for curriculum development in the area of Photo-voltaic (PV) Solar Energy. The project involves developing exemplary course modules and innova- tive laboratory modules for adaptation at other schools for undergraduate/graduate teaching and research. Recently, he completed three projects for Arkansas Highway and Transportation department related to highway lighting using solar energy. He established a commercial PV system with solar panels on the rooftop of ETAS building for teaching and research with funding from Arkansas Energy

Conference Session

Program Delivery Methods & Technology

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Kenneth Ragsdell; Halvard Nystrom

course is helpful. 10. I prefer the lecture videos to the blackboard (shockwave) presentation. 11. I prefer the blackboard (shockwave) presentation to the lecture videos. 12. I would prefer a traditional presentation, where the instructor lectures, and lab and project work is done Page 8.1016.7 outside the class time. Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2003, American Society for Engineering Education 13. I think this course will help me after my military career. 14. I think this course will help me in

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Nancy Gautier

includes “hands-on” learning of the new theory.A third approach incorporates visual learning concepts. Even students who can easilycomprehend new material benefit from visual tools that affirm and increase the depth of theirunderstanding of concepts presented. A final approach uses guest speakers from industry whosecareer reflects the subject matter of the course. The speakers can provide information, giveadvice, and answer questions about career related topics; thereby, enriching students’ perspectiveson various career paths. The guest speaker often reinforces material that has been presented orchallenging assignments that have been assigned by the professor. Computer and Information Science courses which have been taught using

Conference Session

Engineering / Education Collaborations

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Monica Bruning

teach grades K-6 and23 or 35% teach grades 7-12. Forty-nine or 74% of the respondents teach mathematics. Forty-sixor 70% of the respondents teach science. Twenty-five or 38% teach technology subjects. Someteachers had participated in mathematics, science, and technology outreach or in-service activitiesin the past three years. The business/industry surveys were distributed to business/industryrepresentatives who attended technology-related career/job fairs, professionals on industrialadvisory boards, and business/industry representatives associated with partnership groups thatcurrently exist with the College of Engineering at Iowa State University.Part one of the teacher survey included self-assessment questions about confidence levels

Conference Session

Ethical Issues I: Sustainability and Environmental Ethics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger Painter P.E., Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

results and indicate that almost all the students expect toface ethical issues during their careers, but less than one-third say they have discussed an ethicalissue in any of their technical engineering courses. Page 25.544.21.0 IntroductionThe ethical and societal aspects of engineering practice are the subjects of several ABET 2000outcomes. ABET 2000 criterion 3(f) states that "Engineering programs must demonstrate thattheir graduates have an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility." Criterion 3(h)states – "Engineering programs must demonstrate that their graduates have the broad educationnecessary to understand the

Conference Session

Innovative College-Industry Partnerships for the Future

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven H. Billis, New York Institute of Technology; Nada Marie Anid, New York Institute of Technology; Alan Jacobs, Education Market Business Development Consulting; Ziqian Dong, New York Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

Education Core Team. Jacobs has spent his professional career committed to helping colleges and universities gain enhanced access to teaching tools and to advancing the learning opportunities available to their students. By managing and growing innova- tive education initiatives for technology companies, Jacobs has provided programs and resources to assist institutions of higher learning in preparing their students for academic and career success. Jacobs has worked in key positions for such well-known global market leaders as Autodesk, Avid Technology, and Addison-Wesley Publishing. During his career he has held positions as, among others, Director - World- wide Education, Executive Editor, Senior Product Manager, and

Conference Session

Mentoring & Outreach for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aurenice Oliveira, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

technological advances means more jobs for science, technology,engineering and mathematics (STEM) workers. The need for technical workers in STEMfields continues to grow as technology moves forward. The U.S. Bureau of LaborStatistics projects job growth of 22% for STEM occupations as a whole by 2014.Preparation for success in STEM areas should begin in middle and high school, throughrigorous college preparatory coursework and extracurricular activities. Studentsparticipating in extra-curricular STEM activities during the academic year and in summercamps increase their interest in college education, explore career options, and are betterprepared to pursue and successfully graduate in STEM majors, especially engineering.Workers in STEM occupations use

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Klingbeil, Wright State University; Byron Newberry, Oklahoma Christian University of Science and Arts; Anthony Donaldson, California Baptist University; Joan Ozdogan, Chantilly High School Academy

having an outstanding undergraduate engineering curriculum. In addition to this NSF effort in mathematics, he has promoted the development of inquiry based physics, and an introduction to chemistry for engineers. He is developing and teaching a pilot introduction to the major course at CBU and an introduction to engineering design course. He previously directed the engineering programs at Seattle Pacific University where he led a successful accreditation effort and was responsible for numerous innovations in curriculum and facilities.Joan Ozdogan, Chantilly High School Academy Joan Ozdogan is a Career Experience Specialist in Career and Technical Education at Chantilly High School Academy

Conference Session

The Nuts & Bolts of TC2K

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Paul Lin; Harold Broberg

technology. ABET-TC2K Criterion 1.Program Educational Objectives states “Although institutions may use differentterminology, for purposes of Criterion 1, program educational objectives are broadstatements that describe the career and professional accomplishments that the program ispreparing graduates to achieve during the first few years following graduation. ….”Figure 1. A Framework for Accomplishing Educational Performance ExcellenceA set of program educational objectives, as shown below, is built around connecting andreinforcing department leadership, institution mission and goal alignment, inputs fromconstituencies, and ABET TC2K criteria. The assessment and continuous qualityimprovement should be integrated at various levels of teaching

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R. Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Armando A. Rodriguez, Arizona State University; Anita Grierson, Arizona Sate University; Richard A. Hall Jr., Cochise College; Phil Blake McBride, Eastern Arizona College; Rakesh Pangasa, Arizona Western College; Clark Henson Vangilder, Central Arizona College; Russell Cox, Mohave Community College; Thomas R. Palmer, Eastern Arizona College

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

students, and her research in the areas of recruitment and retention. A SWE and ASEE Fellow, she is a frequent speaker on career opportunities and diversity in engineering.Dr. Armando A. Rodriguez, Arizona State University Prior to joining the ASU Electrical Engineering faculty in 1990, Dr. Armando A. Rodriguez worked at MIT, IBM, AT&T Bell Laboratories and Raytheon Missile Systems. He has also consulted for Eglin Air Force Base, Boeing Defense and Space Systems, Honeywell and NASA. He has published over 200 tech- nical papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings – over 60 with students. He has authored three engineering texts on classical controls, linear systems, and multivariable control. Dr. Rodriguez has

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene B Mena, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Thomas A. Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

International

and support/supportive environment: This scale, consisting of seven items, sought to learn about students’ relationships with instructors and students, and their perceptions of how supportive their instructors were. 3) Value: The four items in this scale asked students about their perceptions of the value of the topics covered in their courses, specifically regarding how interesting, challenging, and relevant to their future careers they considered these topics to be. 4) Self-efficacy: Similar to the self-efficacy scale used in the first-year survey, this five- item scale had the goal of revealing students’ levels of confidence in their abilities to succeed in engineering and in their courses. 5

Conference Session

Innovations in Pedagogy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Casey Jane Ankeny PhD, Arizona State University; Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

them better understand their own learning (63% M, 73% E), andincreased responsibility for their learning (62% M, 69% E). Also, students felt the muddiestpoint exercise did not take too much effort (85% M, 79% E), make them feel anxious orfrustrated (88% M, 87% E), and did not require too much time (92% M, 87% E). Lastly,students felt that the material learned in the course will be of value after graduation (96% M,96% E), will be useful in their careers (94% M, 94% E), and helped them see real-worldrelevance of the material (94% M, 96% E). These results are summarized below in Table 1. INTEREST/ATTAINMENT VALUE Agree motivated me to do well in the course 50% (M), 58% (E

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Constituent Committee Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce DeRuntz, Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Rhonda K. Kowalchuk, Southern Illinois University Carbondale; John W. Nicklow, Southern Illinois University Carbondale

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Hoshin Kanri X-Matrix Drives Engineering Leadership Program SuccessAbstractUniversities with technical leadership development programs are challenged with demonstratingthe effectiveness of these training programs with measurable results. This is an especiallydaunting task given the fact that we are trying to inspire undergraduate students who already feelover-burdened by a rigorous major and little to no work experience to know the value thatleadership skills can bring to their career. The solution is to apply the Hoshin Kanri X-matrix tothe leadership development program so the students can understand how their individualleadership efforts in their own student organizations benefit the entire

Conference Session

Models of community engagement practices

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Scott Bates, University of Utah; Karen J. Krapcho, University of Utah; Crystal Orantes, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

activity that may encourage students to study civilengineering. Engineering Ambassadors a unique perspective when discussing the career outlook withprospective students. Talking to high school students helps them process what they are learningin their degree program, and helps them identify potential careers that would be of interest tothem. While they do not have experience working as engineers, their enthusiasm aboutengineering and projects they have worked on may help others see this as a possible collegemajor and future career choice.Enrollment at the University As stated in the introduction, our engineering ambassador programs have been an integral

Conference Session

Engineering Across the K-12 Curriculum: Integration with the Arts, Social Studies, Sciences, and the Common Core

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norman "Storm" Robinson III, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeffrey H Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marion Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeremy A. Lingle, Georgia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

teaching and learning. Storm began his career as a Mathematics Teacher at Tanglewood Middle School in Greenville, South Carolina. He was awarded Teacher of the Year after his second year in the classroom. Also at this time he was selected to serve on the Curriculum Leadership Institute for the Greenville County Schools District. After teaching middle school for five years, Storm moved to Riverside High School and instructed integrated mathematics classes for 2 years. With a solid foundation of teaching experience formed, Storm accepted a position as an Aerospace Edu- cation Specialist for NASA’s Aerospace Education Services Project. For 7 years Storm designed, imple- mented and facilitated various STEM programs to

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering Resources: Best Practices in Curriculum Design, Part 2 of 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andres Cornel Chavez, California State University Northridge; Stephanie Marie Jaco, California State University Northridge; Alejandro Roldan, California State University Northridge; Matthew Ferrer, CSUN; Joyceanne Sim; George Youssef, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

integration andtroubleshooting. This is also apparent in current K-12 curricula which lack hands-on engineeringconcepts due to time and resource constraints imposed on science educators by administratorsand state standards. The cumulative effect of these approaches to education over a student’s pre-college academic lifetime results in: 1) a shortage in career-ready high school graduates; and 2) alimited number of college bound students pursuing STEM education and careers. Moreover,those graduates who seek STEM education may have strong analytical skills, but lack the criticalthinking, hands-on and practical skills needed for scientific applications, i.e. engineering orexperimentation. This serious problem is further elevated by the sporadic