Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph A Daraio, Rowan University; Ralph Alan Dusseau P.E., Rowan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

/recent-publications/Future-Sea-Level-Rise-and-the-New-Jersey-Coast-Assessing-Potential-Impacts-and-Opportunities.pdf.Accessed 14, September 2014.[5] New Jersey Department of Community Affairs Community Development Block GrantDisaster Recovery Action Plan. (2013) Available athttp://www.state.nj.us/dca/announcements/pdf/CDBG-DisasterRecoveryActionPlan.pdf.Accessed 14, September 2014.[6] Waple, Ann; “Hurricane Katrina”; December 2005, National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration, National Climate Data Center, Asheville, NC.[7] “The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why”; A report bythe American Society of Civil Engineers Hurricane Katrina External Review Panel, Reston, VA,2007.[8] “The Federal Response to Hurricane

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simeon Ntafos, University of Texas, Dallas; Maria Hasenhuttl, University of Texas at Dallas, Jindal School of Management

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

to account for the eligibilityrequirements in the official program), we had a total of 385 job placements; the 78 officialinternships are only 20% of the total.Factors that contribute to the relatively low number of official internships likely include thestatus of internships in the student’s degree plan. Students on official internships may enroll ina 1-credit hour or a 3-credit hour class associated with their internship; these classes require areport/paper and successful completion of the internship. The hours earned can only be used Page 26.1017.7towards free-elective requirements in the student’s degree plan; this is a serious limitation

Conference Session

Makerspaces in the Library: Using 3D printers, Laser Cutters, and Kits to Enhance Learning

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Rogers, North Carolina State University Libraries; Ben Leduc-Mills, SparkFun Electronics, Inc.; Brendan C. O'Connell, Smith College Libraries; Brian Huang, Sparkfun Electronics

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

Paper ID #13776Lending a Hand: Supporting the Maker Movement in Academic LibrariesAdam Rogers, North Carolina State University Libraries Adam Rogers is an innovative and user-focused librarian who works at the intersection of public services and new technologies. In his role as Emerging Technology Services Librarian based at NCSU’s new James B. Hunt Jr. Library, he planned for, launched, and currently manages the Hunt Library Makerspace which makes 3D printing, 3D scanning, laser cutting, and electronics prototyping tools accessible to all at NC State. He is also leading the development of a second, larger Makerspace, set

Conference Session

Construction Project Delivery and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Lopez Del Puerto, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Kelly Strong

Tagged Divisions

Construction

presentations that are geared towards a college class setting.  I thought the slides were too basic and simple. Comments:  Great class with many new planning and teaming strategies.  Strongly needed course in today’s CM environment.  Well perceived as both a student and directly applicable as a professional.  This course offered as combined DBIA certification Page 26.1084.6

Conference Session

Explorations in Mechanics Pedagogy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Charles E. Riley, Oregon Institute of Technology; Luciana R. Barroso, Texas A&M University; David G. Pollock P.E., George Fox University; Jennifer Light, Lewis & Clark College; Adam Lenz, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Structural Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering, in the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University. Luciana has been with Texas A&M University since 1999, and in that time has taught 15 different courses ranging from the freshman to graduate levels. She has been active in academic program and curriculum development from the department level to the university level, where she served as co-chair of the Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) committee that determined the academic course of actions to be taken over the next accred- itation cycle to addresses critical issues related to enhancing student learning. She has received funding for her

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

DeLean Tolbert Smith, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

theresponses by question and then coded the response, using an emergent framework. The codes“Differential DES Experience” emerged from the data along with the following themes:  No experience  College  High school (HS) o College open-ended o HS Problems have more o College real world constraints application o HS Less developed tasks o College more planning and o Scientific method not mathematical modeling Engineering Design Process (Engineering Design

Conference Session

Two-year College Division: Authors Address Transfer Matters-Part I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carl Whitesel, Mesa Community College; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic Status and Child Development. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 371-399.30 Wells, R. S., & Lynch, C. M. (2012). Delayed College Entry and the Socioeconomic Gap: Examining the Roles of Students Plans, Family Income, Parental Education, and Parental Occupation. The Journal of Higher Education, 83(5), 671-697.31 Inman, W. E., & Mayes, L. (1999). The Importance of Being First: Unique Characteristics of First Generation Community College Students. Community College Review, 26(4), 3-22.32 Horn, L., & Bobbitt, L. (2000). Mapping the Road to College: First Generation Students' Math Track, Planning Strategies, and Context of Support (NCES Publication No. 2000

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R. Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Armando A. Rodriguez, Arizona State University; Anita Grierson

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

free printing, and use the transfer students and Director there as supports andresources. We also encourage the transfer students to enroll in an Academic Success andProfessional Development class, which is now a two-credit class where the grade counts in theGPA, but does not count in a Program of Study. In this class the students are presented a learningsystem, the Guaranteed 4.0 Plan; helped with a resume; an elevator speech; and information onhow to work a career fair. An emphasis is placed on research and attending graduate school. Alarge help with interesting transfer students, is the availability of $4,000 scholarships for transferstudents. Finances are a major worry for potential transfer students. Only students from the fivetargeted

Conference Session

Student Motivation and Faculty Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ulan Dakeev, University of Michigan, Flint; Quamrul H. Mazumder, University of Michigan, Flint; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Kenan Baltaci, University of Wisconsin, Stout; Bedelbai Mamadiev, International Ataturk-Alatoo University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

importanttheoretical insights into the nature of learning and the determinants of academic performance6 and hasbeen used in many studies 7. Academic performance has been widely reported to correlate significantly and positively with thechoice and application of self-regulated learning strategies8,9. Because motivation and learning areinterconnected, researchers regularly seek better understanding of differential effects of various classroomvariables on students’ motivation to learn10. Achievement and self-regulated strategies have a notable relationship between them. Whilelearning strategies involve “a deliberate, goal-oriented action plan that a learner employs to control,regulate, and enhance his or her language learning” 11, the self

Conference Session

Development of Collaborative Skills in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele M. Herrmann Esq., Mississippi State University; Lyndsey N. Miller, Allied ASID, IDEC; Alexis Gregory, Mississippi State University; J. Suzanne Powney, Mississippi State University, Department of Art,

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

range of expertise including interior and exterior planning, design development and computer-generated visual- ization. A primary focus of her research is the implementation of Autodesk Revit and related technology in the design process as a facilitator of integrated project delivery.Prof. Alexis Gregory, Mississippi State University Alexis Gregory is a registered architect and assistant professor in the School of Architecture at Missis- sippi State University. She has earned a master of science in Architecture with a concentration in women’s studies and history from Clemson University, as well as a bachelor of architecture from Virginia Tech. Her professional experience includes professional licensure in the

Conference Session

Practical Teaching in Manufacturing – 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wangping Sun, Oregon Institute of Technology; Yanqing Gao, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

to the manufacturing studentsprovides them with a comprehensive education in total quality management philosophy,preventive process-oriented methodologies, and planning, control, and improvement techniques2.At our university, Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement (MFG 333) is a junior-levelcourse offered to the students majoring in Manufacturing Engineering Technology. The topics ofthis course include the strategies for continuous manufacturing process improvement, graphicaland numerical methods for data analysis, methods for manufacturing process control andacceptance criteria. After successfully completing the course the students are expected to:  understand and practice the basic concepts and principles of quality improvement

Conference Session

ECCD Innovative Teaching Methods & Outreach

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole Zimmerman, Portland State University; Timothy D. Gulzow, Portland State University; Robert B Bass, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

generalized models of electric vehicle charging circuits for use in a tool designed to aid distribution engineers in planning electric vehicle charging installations.Mr. Timothy D. Gulzow, Portland State University Tim is seeking a bachelors degree in electrical engineering and is a research assistant in the PGE Founda- tion Power Engineering Education Laboratory at Portland State University.Dr. Robert B Bass, Portland State University Robert Bass, Ph.D. is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at Portland State University. His research focuses on electrical power systems, particularly distributed utility assets and the overlaying control and communications architectures that

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry D. Taylor, East Tennessee State University; Brian Todd Bartlett, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

the variety of other duties that a professor needs toattend to, means that few university professors get the daily practice with new surveyingtechnology needed to master its use.The true masters of this technology are the practitioners who work with it in their daily practices.Unfortunately, they are rarely proficient in the art of teaching and rarely are as familiar with howa given class fits into the overall educational structure of a well-planned curriculum.One potential solution for this dilemma is to structure classes dealing with rapidly changingtechnology such that the class is under the direction of a university professor who is responsiblefor the course structure and assessment, yet has a practitioner to assist with instruction on

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fei Hu, University of Alabama; Thomas Morris, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

interesting practical CPSapplications as security design examples. Fig.6 shows our 15-week teaching plan. It consists ofthe following units: W1~2: Intro to course and W8-9: Application: W10: Application: CPS: how does cyber Lab 2 Medical CPS security: Embedded system Lab 3 computing interract with IMD access security forensics: cell phone physical world objects? evidence extraction W3-4: Applied Cryptography Lab 1 W7: CPS safety & W11-12. Application: basics including different sec 6.1 Sustainability power

Conference Session

Fundamental: K-12 Students and Engineering Design Practices (Part 2)

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle E Jordan , Arizona State University; Tonatiuh Munguia-Villanueva, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Standards (NGSS)foregrounds the importance of collaboration in science and engineering practices by integratingcommunication as a fundamental criterion at all levels of K-12 education: “Engineers need to beable to express their ideas, orally and in writing, with the use of tables, graphs, drawings, ormodels and by engaging in extended discussions with peers.” 13 Such communication practicesare necessary for generating design solutions and for planning and carrying out collaborativeinvestigations.Previous studies indicate that young learners encounter communication challenges related totask, relational, and identity issues when collaborating on engineering design projects.14, 15 Otherresearch has identified effective scaffolding to support middle

Conference Session

Construction Project Delivery and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

MaryEllen C. Nobe, Colorado State University; Rodolfo Valdes-Vasquez, Colorado State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

sample of the students’ papers. The preliminary results provide insight intostudents’ evaluation of their success during their first semester, which is a critical semester instudents’ college careers.IntroductionProject Control is an interactive process in which actual performance is compared to plannedperformance with adjustment(s) being made to address identified deviations3.The project controlcycle has seven basic steps: (1) develop project plan, (2) establish benchmarks, (3) monitorproject performance, (4) identify deviations, (5) evaluate corrective options, (6) makeadjustment, and (7) document, report and evaluate4. When attempting to teach this projectcontrol cycle, the importance of ‘evaluate’ can be difficult to convey to students

Conference Session

Delivering Value in Publishing and Scholarship

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew T. Rose, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

interest related to dam safety.As part of the research related to dams, the archives contained an interesting series ofcorrespondence surrounding a US Army Corps of Engineers flood control dam for whichhydropower had been planned but never constructed. A third discovery in the archives wasGovernor Thornburgh’s college notebooks from Yale University where he studied engineering.Finally, the archives contained materials documenting Governor Thornburgh’s visit to theauthor’s institution as an invited guest speaker for Engineers’ Week. A brief summary of each ofthese discoveries and the potential for scholarship follows.Dams and Dam SafetyPrior to becoming governor, Thornburgh’s transition team identified drinking water quality andsupply as an

Conference Session

International Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale A. Wilson, Tennessee Technological University; Satish M. Mahajan, Tennessee Technological University; Mohan D. Rao, Tennessee Technological University; David Tyrell Laxton; Logan Atkins; Kendall Morgan Hall; Ogle Basil Hall III, Tennessee Technological University; Samantha Brooke White; Michael Gage Babb; Sam William Keener, TTU Baja SAE

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

simulates real-world engineering designprojects. Engineering students are tasked to design and build a single seat, off-road vehicle thatwill survive a challenging environment. The student teams must design, plan, manufacture, andrace a vehicle within the limits of the rules. SAEINDIA recognized the value of this hands-onlearning experience and initiated a similar program in 2006. In an effort to accelerate the level ofcompetition and safety, a decision was made to benchmark their program against the program ofa historically successful team. This provided an outstanding outreach opportunity for anAmerican team from this international competition.Nine Baja SAE team members and two faculty sponsors from Tennessee Tech Universitytraveled to India to

Conference Session

Topics Related To Engineering Design Graphics Division

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy E. Study, Pennsylvania State University, Erie

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

peer assessment plan, students handed a print of the multiview drawing in tothe instructor at the beginning of lab then the assignments were redistributed to the students sothey could assess the drawings and mark any errors. Correctly identifying the majority of theerrors on the drawing they marked up was part of each student’s grade. Actual grading andassigning point values to the errors was not part of the peer review, this was done by theinstructor.Grades on the individual assignments along with final project and exam scores were compared tothose from previous semesters. Grades on the individual assignments improved significantly butthere were no significant differences in the exam grades or overall grades. This may be due, inpart, to the

Conference Session

Development of Collaborative Skills in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua Jason Mischung, Arizona State University; Jake Smithwick, Arizona State University; Kenneth Timothy Sullivan, Arizona State University; Anthony Perrenoud, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Construction

90-minutes of skills-based EI training on twocomponents of EI that the authors believed would be most beneficial to project performance;self-awareness and relationship management. Each component was introduced first at anawareness level, and then followed by an introduction to a usable conceptual tool andopportunity to practice using the tool with their team members during the training session. Thecontext for the use of the conceptual tools presented focused on team interactions; specificallythe kickoff meeting, planning, and managing project progress.MeasuresTeam Evaluation At the completion of the final project each student scored their team on the team’s abilityto communicate openly, honestly and effectively. To capture this

Conference Session

Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norman Henry Philipp, Pittsburg State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

integrated along with the design model into AutodeskNavisworks and/or Synchro for 4D project analysis and simulation. Based on the resulting timeand cost schedule the teams then proceeded with the construction of their prototype shelters,generating updated models per as-built conditions and field changes. Results from all of thesoftware analyses were then utilized in the development of the project business case analysis,thus aiding in design validation for the student team and project sponsor approval.Cross-College Interaction and CollaborationThe College of Technology and School of Construction require all student led constructionprojects to have a safety management plan in place before any hands-on work may commence.Through collaboration with the

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Hamilton P.E., Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

taughtoutside their department.This paper will look at the method adopted by one university to meet this new criterion while atthe same time attempting to remain true to the goals and objective of that program with respectto providing a broad education to its students and utilizing the unique and distinct opportunitiesthat program’s university provided to those same students. This university adopted the use of aquestionnaire given to all students who graduated with the criterion of an additional “area ofscience” included in their graduation requirements to collect data on the subject. Thequestionnaire asked which area of emphasis within Civil Engineering the student planned topursue upon graduation, which additional “area of science” the student the

Conference Session

Best Practices for Two-Year Students Majoring in Engineering & STEM Fields

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Courtney Hadsell, Cañada College; Tracy Huang, Cañada College; Amelito G Enriquez, Cañada College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

completes the pre-test the MyMathTest program puts together a study plan based on thequestions that they missed. This allows the student to efficiently use their time to brush up onthe concepts that they have forgotten and not spend as much time on concepts that they arecomfortable with. For most students this program is the first time that they are comprehensivelyintroduced to vectors. At Cañada College students would be introduced to vectors at the end oftheir trigonometry course, but unfortunately it is a topic that instructors do not have enough timeto cover well, or at all, so most students see vectors for the first time during the first week oftheir physics course. It is for this reason that group work and activities at the beginning of

Conference Session

Enviromental Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veera Gnaneswar Gude P.E., Mississippi State University; Dennis D. Truax PE, BCEE, F.ASCE, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

works facilities to provide students with the opportunity to view equipment and operations. Site visit reports complying with the provided format were due one week after the visit is conducted. A final exam was conducted during the last week of the semester. The exam was administered online and may be taken at the individual students’ schedule.Student ExperiencesThe water treatment (coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation-filtration) experiments wereconducted using actual water samples from two algae contaminated ponds. The students wereasked to prepare the samples and plan the experimental procedures to determine the optimum Page

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, science and engineering research, and planning for graduateschool. Some of these activities were sponsored by the university’s Office of UndergraduateResearch and involved participants from other REU and undergraduate research programs.Others provided opportunities for participants and their mentors to come together and exchangeideas and experiences and to begin to establish a research community on themes related toimaging.Career DevelopmentStudents were introduced to research conventions and opportunities through a weekly CareerDevelopment series. The program provided lunch to encourage an informal atmosphere with Page 26.1332.4plenty of student

Conference Session

Design and Assessment of Graduate Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Alavizadeh, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

students weresatisfied with course contents, in general, and in particular, with weekly article review, thecourse relevancy to directed MS project. For the assignments and exam, however, theevaluations were a mix of high and low. Table 2 shows the results of students’ survey taken infall of 2012 and 2014.A quick review of a few other textbooks such as [6] and [7] indicated that the majority of thesetextbooks are for social science majors, too, though one may find a few technical examples. Forfuture, the author is planning to rely less on the textbook that he is currently using [5] andinstead, bring in more technical-oriented case studies in which students use scientific researchmethodologies to address the issue(s) presented (he is still in search

Conference Session

Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Antonio Jose Soares P.E., Florida A&M University; Doreen Kobelo, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Chao Li, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; G. Thomas Bellarmine P.E., Florida A&M University/Florida State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

field they would like to be employed. Table 6 shows the job placement or jobpreference for students who used the BASIC Stamp 2 in their capstone project. All students whograduated in the fall 2012 work in a robotic and/or automation related field. Five of the studentswho graduated in fall 2013 work in a robotic and/or automation related field and one have plansto work in a robotic and/or automation related field. This represents 75% of all students whoused BASIC Stamp 2 in their capstone that semester. Two of the four students (50%) who usedBASIC Stamp 2 in their capstone project in the fall 2014 plan to work in the robotics field. Table 6 Students Choice of Microcontroller for Capstone Projects

Conference Session

Two Year College Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Golding, University of Texas, El Paso; Oscar H. Salcedo, University of Texas, El Paso; Mike Thomas Pitcher, University of Texas, El Paso; Oscar Antonio Perez, University of Texas, El Paso; Mariano Olmos, El Paso Community College; Tonie Badillo, El Paso Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

(CREaTE) in College of Engineering atUTEP in collaboration with the Center for Institutional Evaluation Research and Planning(CIERP) at UTEP.The project has enabled articulation agreements to be established between the partners. Degreeplan checklists, flowcharts, prerequisite tables, and transfer guides are in place for each degreeprogram between EPCC and UTEP. See http://engineering.utep.edu/plaza/circles/degree.htmThe Department of Education provided major support for this partnership project. The goals ofthe project were exceeded in all key areas, and the results have been implemented andinstitutionalized. During the next five years we anticipate seeing growth in the transfer back andforward of our students due to the improvements and

Conference Session

Curriculum and New Course Development in ET

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sunil Mehendale, Michigan Technological University; John L. Irwin, Michigan Technological University; Robert A. Marlor, Northern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

takenotes on theory and example problems presented by the instructor, while about ten minutesmight be devoted to questions and answers. In this way, students are not actively engaged in thelearning process. To try and remedy these deficiencies, we plan to develop an interactive classthat will essentially transform the lecture-intensive course into an “Interactive DynamicsLearning Course” (IDLC) that willa. directly address the hands-on learning approach of ET students,b. enable students to clearly visualize particle and rigid body motion and forces, which theystruggle with in traditional classes,c. enhance their comprehension of key physical concepts, and therebyd. improve their problem-solving skills and grasp of the subject.To

Conference Session

Making in Design

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wendy S. Reffeor PhD, Grand Valley State University; John Paul Farris, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

(FSD) transform the inputs to outputsConcept Generation The methods and results of the team’s concept generation effortsConcept Selection Documentation of a systematic selection of the optimal conceptProject Planning Gantt chart showing plan for realizing prototype of the selected conceptDetail Design CAD Models and engineering prints for the prototypeVerification Calculations Calculations or simulations to show that the detail design will result in a prototype that meets the specifications