Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline Gartner, Campbell University; Michele Miller, Campbell University; Anastasia Rynearson, Campbell University

comparable control data set fromthe School of Engineering. The students under study range from those currently in their secondyear of undergraduate engineering to those that have graduated in the past two years. Thus, thedata include those students that have both graduated and those that continue to seek abaccalaureate degree. In the analysis, the two comparable data sets are broken into demographicsfor comparison where appropriate, including race, ethnicity, GPA, starting university mathcourse, and gender. We investigate the degree to which elements of the S-STEM program(faculty and peer mentoring, career services, and professional development trainings) yieldhigher retention data for the S-STEM group. With the analysis, we explore whether any of

Conference Session

Social Identities and STEM Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Minichiello, Utah State University

strengthening and diversifying the engineering workforce. Her most recent work explores the effects of mobile educational technology, online learning and distance education; metacognition and self-regulation, and contemporary engineering practice on engineering student learning and professional identity development. Angie graduated from the United State Military Academy at West Point with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. She later earned a master's degree in mechanical engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. in engineering education at Utah State University. In 2021, Angie's research earned her a National Science Foundation CAREER Award to critically examine the professional formation of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Nadia Kellam, Arizona State University; Susannah Davis, University of New Mexico

Paper ID #38321The Consequential Agency of Faculty Seeking to MakeDepartmental ChangeVanessa Svihla Dr. Vanessa Svihla is an associate professor at the University of New Mexico (UNM) with appointments in learning sciences and engineering. Her research, funded by an NSF CAREER award, focuses on how people learn as they frame problems and how these activities relate to identity, agency and creativity.Nadia N. Kellam (Associate Professor) Dr. Nadia Kellam (she/they) is Associate Professor of Engineering within The Polytechnic School of the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University (ASU). She

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University; Kerrie Douglas, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Vimal Viswanathan, San Jose State University; Vinayak Krishnamurthy; Hillary Merzdorf, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Donna Jaison, Texas A&M University; Samantha Ray, Texas A&M University; Morgan Weaver, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wayne Li, Georgia Institute of Technology

A Douglas (Assistant Professor of Engineering Education) Dr. Kerrie Douglas, Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue, studies how to improve the quality of classroom assessments and evaluation of online learning in a variety of engineering education contexts. She holds a PhD in Educational Psychology and a M.A. in Educational Studies, with focus on school counseling. She is a co-PI on the SCALE project, leading the evaluation and assessment efforts. She recently received an NSF award to study engineering instructor decisions and student support during COVID-19 and impact the pandemic is having on engineering students. She also recently won the prestigious CAREER award from the U.S. National Science

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sabia Abidi, Rice University; Javier Lasa; Parag Jain; Kirsten Ostherr, Rice University; Austin Hwang, Northwestern University; Nellie Chen

2020 to humanities, engineering, data science and biomedical sciencejuniors and seniors. The program application consisted of short answer questions on design,career goals, and healthcare. 10 finalists (from 18 applicants) were interviewed based on thefollowing questions and reduced to 4 seniors: 1. Describe a time when you have failed in an academic or extra-curricular setting. 2. Describe a time when you have succeeded in an academic or extra-curricular setting. 3. Why are you the best fit for the program? What can the program gain from a candidate like you? 4. What will you gain from the program? 5. If you were to design a course similar to this program, what would it include? 6. Tell us about an example of when you have

Conference Session

ETD - A Technology Potpourri II

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samia Afrin, East Tennessee State University; Christopher Hudson, East Tennessee State University

, compelling the vehicles to thedriveway or street. The problem described above limits the productivity of home maintenance andincreases the risk of personal injury to the occupants of the home. I this context, the current studyseeks to apply the 5S program to the homeowner’s garage. A direct comparison of the garagebefore and after implementing 5S is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and overallimprovements.It’s been rigorously established that the students learning with hands on project escalate theirinterest and motivation to lead a successful career in industry upon graduation. Students’ learningperformance curve alleviates while using the project-based learning (PBL) technique, as theyexperience the process in real time [6][7]. They apply

Conference Session

Remediation and Curricular Changes to Improve Student Learning and Outcomes

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Girish Upreti; Denise Bauer; Jie Zhou

capstone course and provide engineering design and mathe-matic problem-solving experiences so that students are able to identify potential project topicsand create client contacts earlier in the process as well as connect additional course content di-rectly to the projects. Since the new capstone sequence was approved by both departments onlyrecently, it will be a few years before the implementation of the sequence, which allows us tocollect and analyze more qualitative data in the current capstone courses before finalizing thejoint capstone sequence. In the future, qualitative data will be collected from the joint capstonesequence to compare students’ experiences in the classroom as well as their career preparation.IntroductionA capstone course

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Technical Session 7: Library Collaboration

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Wiley, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

others.In 2021, the author received and participated in a fellowship. The primary purpose of thisfellowship is to prepare Library and Information Science Faculty and early career informationprofessionals to meaningfully integrate data science into their research and work endeavors. Infulfillment of the fellowship the author worked with (MSU) librarians. The focus of thefellowship project was to illustrate the connectivity of library electronic resources and theimpact of faculty research.Montana State University library supports the universities commitment to teaching andresearch providing access to subscription based print and electronic information resources. Theuniversity library print collection consists of 445,385 print books, 15,819 serials

Conference Session

ERM: Teamwork makes the dream work!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Li Tan, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Siqing Wei, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Matthew Ohland, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

career. Journal of Engineering Education, 99(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2010.tb01044.xAmerican Society for Engineering Education. (2020). Engineering and Engineering Technology by the Numbers 2019. Washington, DC.Chubin, D. E., May, G. S., & Babco, E. L. (2005). Diversifying the engineering workforce. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 73-86.Felder, R. M., & Brent, R. (2016). Teaching and learning STEM: A practical guide. John Wiley & Sons.Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Sage publications.Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2018). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 1: Innovative Approaches to Teaching Energy-Related Concepts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus; Neda Shourabi, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus

operation of the garden lights andhow they can be modified to provide various laboratory exercises. Examples of laboratoryexercises are presented, and experimental results are discussed.IntroductionSolar panels, LED lighting, and rechargeable battery energy storage are used in manyapplications and products of everyday life. Many engineering technology students mayeventually find careers in fields that involve these energy conversion technologies [1]. Tointroduce first-year students to some of the concepts involved in these technologies and increaseawareness of solar energy [2], a laboratory exercise was developed around the components of aninexpensive solar garden light fixture. The laboratory is part of the introductory electrical circuitsand

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Adjusting Course Content

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Mirth, St. Cloud State University

Paper ID #36505Introducing Automation Concepts in a "Mechanisms andRobotics" CourseJohn A. Mirth (Associate Professor) John Mirth is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at St. Cloud State University in St. Cloud, MN. Dr. Mirth received his Ph.D. and MSME degrees from the University of Minnesota, and his BSME degree from Ohio University. During his career he has taught at five different universities: University of Denver, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, University of Iowa, and St. Cloud State University. Dr. Mirth's technical expertise lies in areas associated with the

Conference Session

ERM: Conceptualizations of Engineering and Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin

development described in the previous paper demonstrated the importanceof understanding the culture in which educational decisions are made, for those decisions area reflection of the society in which they are made. Opportunities taken, and opportunities lostare a function of those mores; for some a decision will be an opportunity to be taken, and forothers it will be an opportunity lost.This study confirms the importance of “culture” in educational decision making, be it interms of career choice, institutional status, or curriculum and teaching.Following a brief introduction, essentially a short precis of paper 1, answers to fourteenquestions derived from the philosophy of the Percy Report, and other elements of itsdiscussion are given in the light

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anna-Maria Marshall, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Luis Rodriguez; Jill Heemstra, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; John Classen, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Erin Cortus, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Jacek Koziel, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Deanne Meyer; Anand Padmanabhan, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Samuel Reed, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Benjamin Ruddell; Riveraine Walters

outcome. During the deliberations identifying a project, cohortmembers often find that their final products require that they convey scientific and engineeringinformation to a range of different audiences, both within and outside of scientific communities. Students in the Cohort Challenges are often interested in having final projects that arehelpful in pursuing academic careers. Thus, many of the Cohort Challenges have producedmanuscripts for publications [15]–[17] and presentations at professional conferences, includingannual meetings of the Community Informatics Research Network and ASA-CSSA-SSSAInternational Conference[18], [19]. In preparing academic papers, students take the lead inidentifying journals and conferences that are

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Maltese, Indiana University-Bloomington; Barbara Yarza; Kelli Paul, Indiana University-Bloomington; David Oyler

Paper ID #37408Design with Code Club: An attempt to get kids learning tocode while designing solutions to everyday problems (Work inProgress)Adam Maltese (Martha Lea and Bill Armstrong Chair for TeacherEducation) Professor in Science Education at Indiana University.Bárbara YarzaDavid OylerKelli Paul Dr. Kelli Paul is a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for Research on Learning and Technology at Indiana University where her research focuses on the development of STEM interests, identity, and career aspirations in children and adolescents. © American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kitana Kaiphanliam, Washington State University; Bernard Van Wie, Washington State University; Olusola Adesope, Washington State University

Women in EngineeringThe hands-on learning device of interest fosters a group learning environment while depictingdirect applications to the medical field, i.e., impacts on human health and well-being, which arecritical components of engaging women in STEM. In 2011, Brawner et al. created focus groupsfor junior- and senior-level women-identifying undergraduate students and conducted in-personinterviews to better understand why women choose chemical engineering as a major [4]. Fromtheir early work, flexibility in career options was highlighted as a key factor in choosing chemicalengineering for all 10 students interviewed. Additionally, 5 out of the 10 women noted they wereconsidering medical school, and chemical engineering provides strong

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 1: Adapting to COVID and other Design Challenges

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Rennick, University of Waterloo; Eugene Li, University of Waterloo; Michael Lenover, University of Waterloo; Wesley Blankespoor; Sanjeev Bedi, University of Waterloo

skills necessary for “career-ready” graduates [2] [3] [4], they areincreasingly including more than just technical know-how, with emphases on critical thinking,problem solving, collaboration, and communication among others. In addition to providingstudents a strong technical foundation, the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Waterloohas taken a two-pronged approach to providing students this important training: mandatory co-operative work terms, which have been present since the University’s inception; and morerecently, using industry-driven design problems as a base to provide students with formativepractice of these skills in the Engineering Ideas Clinic, which will be the focus of this paper.Jonassen, in his typology of problems [5

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chandrasekhar Radhakrishnan; Yuting Chen, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

level students. A successful career in analog IC design requires a stronggrasp of semiconductor device fundamentals and understanding the implications of devicenon-idealities. In addition it is necessary to develop intuition and make judicious approximationsthat can help one predict the larger impact of circuit level parameters. Meeting these learningobjectives within a course can be challenging. A higher stress on analytical study of devices cannegatively impact intuition needed to make the right approximations in analyzing circuits withmany transistors. At the same time, adequate knowledge of fundamentals is needed to ensure thatanalysis has indeed yielded a solution that is correct. In this paper we present the changesintroduced in an

Conference Session

ETD - Technical Session 7 - ET Pedagogy I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yury Kuleshov, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Anne Lucietto, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

’ perceptions of soft skills, industry expectations, and career aspirations. Journal of professional issues in engineering education and practice, 142(1), 04015005.Kamaruzaman, M., Hamid, R., Mutalib, A., & Rasul, M. (2019). Comparison of engineering skills with IR 4.0 skills. 4Lucietto, A. M., Peters, D. L., Taleyarkhan, M. R., & Tan, S. (2021). Academic and Industry Collaboration: A Literature Review. Academic and Industry Collaboration: A Literature Review.Maisiri, W., Darwish, H., & Van Dyk, L. (2019). An investigation of Industry 4.0 skills requirements. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 30(3), 90-105.McGunagle, D., & Zizka, L. (2020

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session: Sustainability and the Workspace

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yun Dong, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Subhanwit Roy, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; MacKenzie Reber, Grove City College

benefit engineering education and engineeringmanagement in the A&D discipline as it reveals the similarities and differences from twodifferent perspectives (i.e., newly-hired engineers and engineering managers). Moreover, thestudy may help engineering educators develop their career preparation strategies for collegestudents and inform senior college students who plan to work in the A&D industry of thepossible inconsistent opinions between their managers and themselves in the futureworkplace.2. Literature ReviewThe prior research and literature have revealed some consistency and divergence betweennewly-hired employees and managers in the socialization process. However, some gaps stillneed further study.2.1 Previous Studies about Managers

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katie Shakour, Clemson University; Kapil Chalil Madathil, Clemson University; Eliza Gallagher, Clemson University; Karen Johnson, Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Jonathan Beck; Rebecca Short, Clemson University; Tim Ransom, Clemson University; Gayatri Anoop, Clemson University

impact their aviation maintenance career over time.Adaptation and lasting changeAdaptation refers to the changes organizations make to prevent disruptive events AMTSadministrators and instructors were hesitant to incorporate digital learning tools into theirprograms moving forward. AMTS instructors and administrators perceive digital learning toolsas too expensive for their programs. They argue that teaching at AMTS has been hands-on fordecades; the profession is hands-on, so the learning should also be.Despite these hesitations, we found members of the AMTS community eager to incorporatetechnology into their classrooms. Steigerwald and Steigerwald [7] found that overall studentlearning improved with online testing because students could receive

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gordon Hoople, University of San Diego; Diana Chen, University of San Diego; Susan Lord, University of San Diego; Joel Mejia, The University of Texas at San Antonio

interested in approaches that contribute to a more expansive understanding of engineering in sociocultural contexts, the impact of critical consciousness in engineering practice, and the development and implementation of culturally responsive pedagogies in engineering education. He received the NSF CAREER Award for his work on conocimiento in engineering spaces. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Reimagining Energy Year 4: Lessons LearnedOverviewThis National Science Foundation (NSF) project focuses on the development of a new, requiredenergy course, “An Integrated Approach to Energy,” for second-year

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebekah Hammack, Montana State University - Bozeman; Nick Lux; Brock Lameres, Montana State University - Bozeman; Blake Wiehe, Montana State University - Bozeman; Paul Gannon, Montana State University - Bozeman; Miracle Moonga, Montana State University - Bozeman

)) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Using Blended Modalities for Engineering Education Professional Development: Supporting Elementary Teachers’ Development of Community-Focused Engineering Curricula (NSF Grantees)Abstract This paper presents an overview of teacher professional development work conducted aspart of a National Science Foundation Research in the Formation of Engineers project. Theoverall goal of the project is to increase awareness and preparedness of rural and indigenousyouth to consider and pursue engineering and engineering related careers. To reach this goal, weare working with elementary pre and in-service teachers in

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

Eyad Masad; Dan Zollinger

dimensions. This methodology reinforces key concepts while covering the variousstyles of learning affording all students the greatest opportunity for learning andultimately enhancing their professional careers. The teaching opportunities that arepotentially available in this manner are motivating for not only the student but also forthe instructor to continually seek improvement in how instructional materials arepresented and how student can be effectively challenged to magnify their learningexperience.References:1. Knowles, Malcolm, The Modern Practice of Adult Education from Androgogy to Pedagogy, 1984.2. Kolb, David A., The Cycle of Learning from Experience, 1984.3. Young, J., F., Mindess, S., Gray, R., Bentur, A. The Science and

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Randall D. Manteufel; Ramon Rodriguez; Kerry O’Connor; Jason Torres

students graduate and begin their professional careers, particularly in the HVACRfield.ExperimentThe experiments involve the use of various fluid dynamics and HVACR equations forcalculating our total system head loss, converting flow rates to fluid velocities, and calculatingsystem efficiencies. The compilation of these results will be able to adequately define oursystem parameters and accurately define our pump/energy cost savings. Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering EducationTwo separate experiments were designed for this apparatus. The first experiment has

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

John D. Fernandez

world” situations. 2. My civic engagement projects and activities caused me to improve my problem analysis and critical thinking skills 3. Through civic engagement I have improved my ability to work successfully with others. 4. My civic engagement projects and activities have increased my ability to communicate effectively. 5. I feel prepared to perform successfully in a new career because of what I have learned in my civic engagement experiences. 6. I can use experiences and knowledge gained through civic engagement as I apply and interview for jobs. 7. Civic engagement projects and activities help me to understand and appreciate people who are different from me. 8. I am committed to being involved in my community

Collection

2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference

Authors

Joseph P. Fuehne P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

knowledge when they “practice doing” rather than simplylistening or watching videos. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference Proceedings | Paper ID 36106ConclusionsThe role of instructor in the current learning environment has changed from one ofbasically informing students to one of asking questions of students to initiate their ownlearning. The use of measurement tools in a manufacturing environment is critical andstudents headed for careers in that environment need to understand this critical role.And understanding comes from not only learning how to use the tools but alsodeveloping knowledge through the aforementioned coaching by instructors to learnwhich tool is best

Conference Session

Technical Session 1 - Paper 4: The Sweet Sounds of Coding: promoting digital inclusion via remote instruction of introductory Python in a musical context

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Sommer Anjum, University of Pittsburgh; Maria K Jantz, University of Pittsburgh; Kirk Holbrook; James M Churilla, Pittsburgh Public Schools Pittsburgh Miller PreK-5

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

, worked on theSims, Tiger Woods golf, will probably do more amazing things in her career Instructor meetings • Recap previous lesson • Pinpoint where students did not understand concepts • Review next week's topics Adjust lesson plan INSTANTLY based on instructor recommendations - -> dynamic curriculum and instruction style Recap email to students after every classTHE SWEET SOUNDS OF CODING CONECD 2022 Both platforms The virtual classroom MS Teams Allowed audio/video • Hosted by Pittsburgh Public Schools sharing • Instructors were not allowed to host

Conference Session

Technical Session 6 - Paper 1: Who Gets to Be the Player Character? A Visual Content Analysis of Representation in Video Game Design Programs

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Caitlin Marie Lancaster, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

represented inthese images and what this might convey to those interested in pursuing a career in video gamedesign.Why representation in visual content matters Representation in higher education marketing materials is a contentious subject. Severalscholars have explored how higher education marketing materials such as viewbooks [27], [28]and online sources such as program websites [29], [30], [31], [32] use language and visuals toconvey messages to prospective students about diversity and inclusion on campus. Thesematerials often misrepresent true campus diversity and fail to accurately depict who is a part ofthe programs in reality [29], [30]. Indeed, online marketing materials tend to over-representminority groups in visuals while failing to

Conference Session

Technical Session 2 - Paper 2: Lessons Learned from Conducting a Diversity-Focused Faculty Cluster Hire at a Predominantly White Institution

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado Boulder; Dana Francesca Stamo, University of Colorado Boulder; Clayton Lewis, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

undergraduate students on their path to their profes- sional career. In addition to STEM Routes, Dana has also led the national organizations UMAS y Mecha and oSTEM. When Dana isn’t doing research, you’ll find her creating. Dana is an artist and graphic designer and loves using her skills to support start-up organizations and amplify community voices by creating websites, logos, and advertising content. Dana also enjoys snowboarding, skateboarding, and roller skating around Colorado.Dr. Clayton Lewis, University of Colorado Boulder Clayton Lewis is Emeritus Professor of Computer Science at the University of Colorado Boulder. Lewis served previously as Co-Director for Technology for the Coleman Institute for Cognitive

Collection

2022 ASEE Gulf Southwest Annual Conference

Authors

Eleazar Marquez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Samuel Garcia Jr., NASA EPDC

supportacademic programs, and student recruitment are benefits of campus facilities and outdoorrecreation programs in higher education [1], [3]. Institutions have further allocated resources toassist disadvantaged students overcome academic preparedness and cultural capital [2], [21].These resources include peer tutoring, stress management resources, time management workshops,academic advising, and personal and career counselling [1], [4], [6], [20].Since COVID-19 initiated, engineering departments across the country have additionally struggledwith retention and passing rates. As such, faculty members are repeatedly being challenged tomodify pedagogical methods for online instruction. According to the retention rates from TexasPublic Universities, The