Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eleazar Vasquez III, University of Central Florida; Melissa A. Dagley, University of Central Florida; Hyoung Jin Cho, University of Central Florida; Damla Turgut, University of Central Florida; Alireza Karbalaei, University of Central Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

University of Central Florida and is anticipated to graduate in Spring 2019. He has two masters degrees one in mechanical engineering from UCF and another in aerospace engineering form Sharif University of Technology. He currently works in the Nanofabrication and BioMEMS Laboratory at UCF and his research areas include Nanofabrication, Microfluidics, Sensors and Actuators, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019Running Head: Project CoMET RETCollaborative Multidisciplinary Engineering Design Experiences for Teachers (CoMET) Train the Trainer Model of Supports Type 5 Work in ProgressThe K-12 learning environment is

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Rahouti, University of South Florida

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, traffic mangement and monitoring, and ethical hacking. Such fundamental modules should be accompanied withreal-world lab experiments and exercises to provide students with a better opportunity for understanding and mastering courseconcepts and material [3]. As there are various types of cyber security laboratories [4], Willems and Meinel [5] introduced software to assesscyber security lab experiments through a virtual machine technology (an online-based laboratory). The solution offers anefficient parameterization of experiment scenarios as well as a dynamic toolkit implementation virtual machine configuration.Meanwhile, Xiong and Pan [6] discussed an approach to integrate ProtoGENI, a GENI testbed resource, into computer scienceand

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Practices

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Carlos Michael Ruiz, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Benjamin G Cohen, Drexel Department of Engineering Technology; Sarah Renee Andrieux

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

investigations such as designing and testing of propulsion systems including design and development of pilot testing facility, mechanical instrumentation, and industrial applications of aircraft engines. Also, in the past 10 years she gained experience in teaching ME and ET courses in both quality control and quality assurance areas as well as in thermal-fluid, energy conversion and mechanical areas from various levels of instruction and addressed to a broad spectrum of students, from freshmen to seniors, from high school graduates to adult learners. She also has extended experience in curriculum development. Dr Husanu developed laboratory activities for Measurement and Instrumentation course as well as for quality control

Conference Session

Works in Progress I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan Detchev, University of Calgary; Elena V. Rangelova, University of Calgary; Scott C. Packer, University of Calgary ; Quazi K. Hassan, University of Calgary; Kyle O'Keefe P.Eng., University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

the University of Calgary and leads the Earth Observation for Environmental Laboratory. His research interests include: (i) application of remote sensing in forecasting and monitoring of natural hazards/disasters, (ii) use of re- mote sensing and GIS techniques in understanding the dynamics of natural resources, and (iii) integration of remote sensing, GIS, and modelling techniques in addressing issues related to energy, environment, climate change, local/global warming and smart city. In addition, he is a passionate ’open educational resources’ developer; and serving the editorial board of two open access journals known as Scientific Reports (Nature Publication Group) and Remote Sensing (MDPI).Dr. Kyle O’Keefe

Conference Session

PSW Section Meeting Papers - Disregard start and end time - for online paper access only

Collection

2019 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Farbod Khoshnoud; Dario Robinson; Bruno Marco Quadrelli; Clarence W De Silva

Tagged Topics

Pacific Southwest Section Meeting Paper Submissions

Engineering at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, in 2017. He was a Lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Brunel University London, UK, 2014-16. He was a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire before joining Brunel, 2011-2014. He was a visiting scientist and postdoctoral researcher in the Industrial Automation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada, 2007-2012. He was a visiting researcher at California Institute of Technology, USA, 2009-2011. He carried out post- doctoral research in the Department of Civil Engineering at UBC, 2005-2007. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Brunel

Collection

2019 ASEE PNW Section Conference

Authors

Xichen Jiang, Western Washington University; Patrick William Shive, Western Washington University

the project costs. The point wherethe marginal benefits of increasing reliability equals the associated marginal costs of addingmore firm capacity determines the optimal EUE level. Table 2 shows the VOLL for an averagePSE customer for a one-hour duration [3].The US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Interruption Cost Estimator (ICE), which is described indepth by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory study titled “Updated Value of Service Reliabilityfor Electric Utility Customers in the United States”, models interruption costs per customer perevent based on the length of outage duration and customer class (e.g., residential, smallcommercial and industrial, medium and large commercial and industrial) for each U.S. State. Aper-customer peak load

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Byul Hur, Texas A&M University; David Malawey, Texas A&M University; Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Chao Ma, Texas A&M University; Reza Langari, Texas A&M University; Jennifer Jordan; Caleb Christian Stewart; Brian Malbec; David K. James

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Florida previously. His research interests include Mixed-signal/RF circuit design and testing, measurement automation, environmental & biomedical data measurement, and educational robotics development.Mr. David Malawey, Texas A&M University David earned his B.S. in mechanical engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology in 2011. After three years in the automotive industry in engine design and engine calibration, he transitioned to Texas A&M University for a M.S. in Mechanical Engineering in College Station, TX concluding in 2016. He has become involved in applied research in additive manufacturing, internet of things, and mechatronics. Currently his role is Technical Laboratory coordinator

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: The Art of Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ozgul Yasar-Inceoglu, California State University, Chico

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Engineering Historical perspective of nanomaterials Advanced materials Materials, structure, and nanosurface Energy at nanoscale Nanoscience phenomena, bulk to quantum properties Characterization techniques X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Raman Spectroscopy Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Fabrication methods of nanomaterials, “bottom-up”, “top-down” fabrication Chemical synthesis and modification of nanomaterials Non-thermal plasma technique to synthesize nanomaterials Nano-electro mechanical structures (NEMS) Applicationsnanomaterials. These observational laboratory

Conference Session

Innovative Approaches to Improving Student Learning

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Cara J. Poor, University of Portland; Heather Dillon, University of Portland; Jeffrey Matthew Welch, University of Portland; Nicole C. Ralston, University of Portland

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

improve conceptual understanding and critical thinking.Dr. Heather Dillon, University of Portland Dr. Heather Dillon is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Portland. Her research team is working on energy efficiency, renewable energy, fundamental heat transfer, and engineering education. Before joining the university, Heather Dillon worked for the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) as a senior research engineer.Jeffrey Matthew Welch, University of Portland Jeff Welch is a doctoral student in educational leadership at the University of Portland (Oregon, USA).Dr. Nicole C. Ralston, University of Portland Dr. Nicole Ralston is an Assistant Professor and co-Director of the

Conference Session

ET Pedagogy II

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carmen Cioc, University of Toledo; John B. Napp, University of Toledo; Sorin Cioc, University of Toledo; Noela A. Haughton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

students (18 to24-year-olds) (40%), transfers (23%), internationals (7%), and non-traditional, returning adults(30%).The CourseThe Applied Fluid Mechanics course (MET 4100) is one of the core courses for the METprogram and the second in the sequence of fluid mechanics coursework, following the MET2050 Fluid & Hydraulic Mechanics. MET 4100 is a four-credit hour (ch) course, comprised of a3ch lecture and a 1ch laboratory. This course focuses on the applications of the basic principlesof fluid dynamics, including general laminar and turbulent flow, compressible flow, as well aspractical, applied problems, such as the internal flow of fluids in pipes and conduits, pumpselection and application, the design and analysis of HVAC ducts, and external

Conference Session

Best in 5 Minutes: Demonstrating Interactive Teaching Activities

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ruth Abigail Mower, United States Military Academy; Erick Martinez P.E., United States Military Academy; Landon M. Raby, United States Military Academy; John Boyle, United States Military Academy, West Point; Andrew Ross Pfluger, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering

; Bird B-KER2 Laboratory Jars and Masterflex Tygon lab tubing toconnect both, one student holds the reservoir at a fixed location simulating a water source suchas a natural spring, lake, or river, and another student adjusts the elevation of the tap stand usinga simulated gate valve from the sampling port of the laboratory jar. As the tap stand locationremains lower than the location of the reservoir, students can notice water continuing to flow asthe third student is responsible for turning the tap stand valve on and off. However, as soon asthe location of the tap stand is higher than the location of the reservoir, water flow stops. Thus,students realize that the location of the outflow must be lower than the location of the inflowassuming

Conference Session

2-Year College Division: Collaboration Between Institutions

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michael Littrell, Tennessee Tech University; George Chitiyo, Tennessee Tech University; Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Tech University; Mel Cossette, Edmonds Community College; Thomas Singer, Sinclair Community College; Ed Tackett, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

affiliated with high schools and colleges including vocational schools. The followinglist provides the accomplishments made by this coalition: • Multi-institutional AM collaboration in teaching, laboratory practices and research [3], • Framework developed to measure the attainment of ABET Student Outcomes through AM curricular practices. [4], • Smart phone accessible AM laboratory platform for multi-institutional collaboration [5], • Up to date skills required of AM technicians [6], • TTS: studio-based AM training [7], • Using AM as an innovation tool to enhance the student learning and success [8-9], • Up to date MOOC AM

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Student Learning 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Zahrasadat Alavi, California State University, Chico

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

consistency of a sample inquality control of products in sustainable manufacturing field [6]. Additionally, the spectrumpeak intensity determines the amount of components in a mixture, which can be used forquantification of sample constituents.The use of the FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging system can enable a variety of projects in variouscourses. Currently, the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Mechanical andMechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing Department, and Chemistry andBiochemistry Departments at CSU Chico are using this equipment in several courses such asDigital Image Processing, Material Science and Engineering, Material Science and EngineeringLaboratory, Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Integrated Laboratory and

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Maker Spaces in the First Year

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicholas Hawkins, University of Louisville; James E. Lewis, University of Louisville; Brian Scott Robinson, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

engineering profession, without the need for highly technical knowledge that mostengineering laboratory courses require. A pertinent means of keeping students invested in thecourse, as well as the engineering profession, is through active learning techniques. Studies haveshown that an active learning environment produces strong indications of success and increasedstudent persistence in engineering [3] [4] [5].Course leadership initiated ENGR 111 development with a primary objective to, as much aspossible, base course pedagogy in active learning methodology to take advantage of the resultantbenefits to the student(s). Active learning can be defined as “any instructional method that engagesstudents in the learning process” [6], yet active learning is

Conference Session

Advances in Additive, Hybrid, and Digital Manufacturing Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #29831Remotely Accessible Injection Molding Machine for ManufacturingEducation: Lessons LearnedDr. Sheng-Jen ”Tony” Hsieh, Texas A&M University Dr. Sheng-Jen (”Tony”) Hsieh is a Professor in the College of Engineering at Texas A&M University. He holds a joint appointment with the Department of Engineering Technology and the Department of Mechanical Engineering. His research interests include engineering education, cognitive task analysis, automation, robotics and control, intelligent manufacturing system design, and micro/nano manufactur- ing. He is also the Director of the Rockwell Automation laboratory at

Conference Session

Empathy and Human-Centered Design 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Pamela L Dickrell, University of Florida; Lilianny Virguez, University of Florida; Andrea Goncher, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

course, whileaffording departments the flexibility to fit the first-year design course into their curriculum. Thecourse structure, half-lecture and half-laboratory course, is designed to optimize the use of themakerspace classroom. The lecture half is structured as online videos and other learning contentstudents need to complete before coming to the live laboratory makerspace portion of class.Students attend the live makerspace class once per week for a two-hour block of time. Thelaboratory half is structured for students to work in teams, utilize the makerspace tools, andreceive feedback from the professor and peer mentors on their projects. With the combinedonline lecture and live laboratory format, students are expected to complete

Conference Session

Inquiry, Inclusivity, and Integration

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bradley James Schmid, University of Saskatchewan

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

sizeof 45 students; typically requiring three sections. Teaching assistants are available in the labs toanswer students questions related to the use of the software; AutoCAD or Civil 3D.[2]Laboratory assignments were assigned as either projects or lab experiences depending on therequired effort expected from students. Labs consisted of drawings to complete where the CADsoftware features were demonstrated and video recorded in the lab session. The students wouldtypically have one week, with three hours of lab time in two 1.5-hour sessions, to complete theirdrawings. The projects would also have a laboratory demonstration (and recording) but theassignments were longer in duration and more laboratory sessions (typically four 1.5-hour labs)were

Collection

2019 ASEE Zone I Conference & Workshop

Authors

Brittany Anderson; Rafic Bachnak

(Figure 1),paper chromatography, and enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay(ELISA). Figure 1: Students perform gas chromatography to identify the antidote. Biology: The biology session began with a general overview of the biofuels laboratory and the CRISPR – Cas9 system. The students were then divided into four groups: Biomimicry (created a robot hand using drinking straws), Nanomedicine

Collection

2017 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Magdalena Grohman; Eun Ah Lee; Nicholas Gans; Marco Tacca; Matthew Brown

ConferenceAbstractThe study aimed at investigating: the group dynamics underlying ethical decision-making inSenior Design Project (SDP) teams and research labs, and the role of ethics experts in the ethicaldecision-making. Using cognitive ethnography, we analyzed research activities in engineeringresearch laboratories, and SDP teams’ discussions about ethics issues, with or without thepresence of ethics experts. We found that student teams demonstrated multi-layeredunderstanding of engineering ethics: explicit and implicit. Those two types of understandingmanifested themselves differently across SDP teams. At the explicit level, SDP teams understoodtheir technical responsibility and practical work ethics, but at the same time rarely showedappreciation for

Conference Session

FPD11 -- Multidisciplinary Experiences

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kauser Jahan, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

reflect our Engineering Clinic activities that are offered to ourincoming freshman engineering students. As such a brief overview of the Rowan engineeringclinics is provided below:Rowan’s engineering programs include hands-on, team-oriented laboratory and real worldexperiences with a strong interdisciplinary component. All engineering students take eightsemesters of required Engineering Clinic Courses4-5 a unique component of the engineeringprogram. Key clinic features include:• Creating inter- and multi-disciplinary experiences through collaborative teamwork,• Stressing innovation and total quality management (TQM) as the necessary framework for solving complex problems,• Incorporating state-of-the-art technologies throughout

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering and Pre-College Outreach Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kauser Jahan, Rowan University; Kathleen Sernak, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

to ourincoming freshman engineering students. As such a brief overview of the Rowan engineeringclinics is provided below:Rowan’s engineering programs include hands-on, team-oriented laboratory and real worldexperiences with a strong interdisciplinary component. All engineering students take eightsemesters of required Engineering Clinic Courses4-5 a unique component of the engineeringprogram. Key clinic features include:• Creating inter- and multi-disciplinary experiences through collaborative teamwork,• Stressing innovation and total quality management (TQM) as the necessary framework for solving complex problems,• Incorporating state-of-the-art technologies throughout the curricula, and• Creating continuous

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seamus Freyne, Manhattan College; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas; Stephan Durham, University of Colorado at Denver

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

to the traveling public and reduce discharge ofunclean runoff which is known to kill wildlife.The Civil Engineering Materials course is typically arranged into one or two weekly lectures,each lasting one hour, and one weekly laboratory period lasting two to three hours. Usually twolaboratory periods are sufficient time to allot to any of these projects, though some additionalwork by the students outside of class is almost always necessary. The laboratory periods maynot be in consecutive weeks to allow sufficient time between batching and testing of theconcrete. Concrete typically sets in a few hours, but the curing process requires several days orweeks. Additional class time can be reserved to allow teams to give presentations.These three

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Engineering Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

Hope College engineering majors do nottake general physics in the first year, the introduction to engineering course must teachcritical prerequisite information students need before enrolling in solid mechanics andelectronics. The course has two lectures and one 3 hour laboratory per week for 14 weeks.Details of this course have been described by Krupczak et al. [20]. Table 2. contains alisting of the major course topics in introduction to engineering at Hope College.MechanicsIn the mechanics section of the course students learn the concepts of vectors, forces, free-body diagram, static equilibrium, stress, strain, Hooke’s Law and stress-strain diagrams

Conference Session

Industry and Engineering Technology Partnerships

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Fuehne, Purdue University-Columbus

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. 3. Identify and respond to various measurement data considerations including readability, integrity, traceability, resolution, variability, sensitivity, repeatability, bias, linearity stability, and reproducibility. 4. Identify and describe basic concepts of Measurement Assurance Programs (MAPs), including inter-laboratory comparisons, proficiency tests, gauge R&R studies, etc. 5. Define and use common calibration methods, including spanning, nulling, zeroing and linearization. 6. Recognize various sources of industry-accepted metrology and calibration practices. 7. Convert various units of measurement between English and metric units, including length, area, volume, capacity, and weight. 8

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Bartonek, Cessna Aircraft Company; Bruce Dallman, Pittsburg State University; James Lookadoo, Pittsburg State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 13.1015.2Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. Eight teams comprised of a faculty member and one ormore students were invited to tackle problems for ten weeks in the summer of 2006 andfor five weeks in the summer of 2007.Being in temporary residence with a group focused upon innovations in satellitecommunications allowed the student/faculty team a chance to see first hand the effect twoformer students in the program were having on the NASA lab host group, theCommunications, Standards, and Technology Laboratory (CSTL). CSTL is evolvingfrom a focus on innovations with the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS)to innovative communications solutions for the return to the moon effort and othermissions. Two Pittsburg State EET alumni

Conference Session

Best Practices in Aerospace Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Swami Karunamoorthy, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

for assessment. Since the Page 13.1076.7students undergo the preparation and take a mock test, they are likely to register and passthe real FE examination.Oral-exam is a viable method especially in a laboratory course and/or design projectpresentations. In capstone design presentation, a practicing engineer from industry mayserve as an external examiner. Students may be asked to develop course portfoliosconsisting of course outline, homework, quiz, test, project etc. Simulations andperformance appraisals are viable methods for assessment of teams in laboratory coursesas well as design courses. Behavioral observations may be viable for the assessment

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ray Miller, University of Cincinnati; Max Rabiee, University of Cincinnati; Elvin Stepp, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

electric machinery, applied design and flexible automation. These coursesprovide the technical core for our ABET accredited associate degree in Electrical Engineering Page 13.985.4Technology with power systems technology. All courses consist of a three credit hours lecture Proceedings of the 2008 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2008, American Society for Engineering Educationwith and accompanying three hour laboratory which serves to reinforce the concepts presented inthe lecture with practical hands-on experiments.Table 2 lists courses that are offered in the

Conference Session

Integrating Math, Science and Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josue Njock-Libii

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Eq.(3) is a reliable modelfor the oscillations of a mass that is suspended to a linear spring in a laboratory setting.The remainder of this paper is organized in the following manner: first, the Fouriertheorem is stated and its use in the present context is discussed. Then, the design of theexperiment is presented. Next, experimental data are presented and analyzed using theFourier theorem to generate the Fourier coefficients. Finally, these experimentalcoefficients are compared to those derived from the solution of the differential equationitself.The Fourier theorem and its useIf x(t) is a periodic function with period k, its Fourier series representation is given by a0x (t ) ? - (a1 cosyt - b1 sin yt ) - (a2 cos 2yt - b2 sin 2yt

Conference Session

Project-Based Education in Energy Conversion

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahmoud Alahmad, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Herbert Hess, University of Idaho; Brian Johnson, University of Idaho

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

process. Program-specific laboratories with state-of-the-art equipment and technology keep students on the cutting edge in their fields. Roomsdesigned for the purpose of displaying building system components allow these cutting edgestudents to see how their designs will be integrated into the designs of other professions.Students in the electrical option are introduced to the fundamentals of building system designwith emphasis on electrical circuit analysis, machinery principles, fundamental of lightingtheory, and building communication systems. Students also enroll in interdisciplinary design Page 12.1192.3courses with projects that lead to a

Conference Session

Improving ME Education: Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Knudson, Oregon State University; John Schmitt, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

allows the professor ample time to present the wide range of topics that typicallyform the foundation of control theory and mechatronics. Additionally it is the best option for alimited funding situation, as students require few external resources.Alternatively, a course laboratory section can be developed, requiring students to spend aspecific amount of time external to the lecture hall applying theory to real-world, physical,problems. This provides the best opportunity for the students to prepare for applicationsencountered in industry. However, it may also require that the professor spend a significantamount of lecture time providing supplementary education for the laboratory experiments. Thiscan strongly affect the course lecture schedule