Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy L.J. Ferris, School of Engineering, University of South Australia; Alice F. Squires, Washington State University; Fanny Camelia, University of South Australia

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

discusses: 1) the current gap in addressing the affective domain in systemsengineering education, 2) the importance of closing that gap to enable the effectiveimplementation of systems engineering on the job, and 3) related issues and challenges.Following this discussion, the paper proposes a framework for assessing the development of thestudent’s affective engagement in systems engineering methods.IntroductionSystems engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with ensuring the development ofthe most apposite system to address a need. Theoretically, systems engineering begins with top-down evaluation of the need, leading to a deeper understanding of the attributes of a suitablesolution, that in turn enables the design or selection of the

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rama N Reddy; Kamran Iqbal, University of Arkansas, Little Rock

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

engineering andtechnical terms. The system under consideration may require scientific and mathematicalmodels. The systems engineering team design the system starting with the conceptual design,preliminary design, and the final design that satisfies the stakeholder’s requirements. A designdocument called Engineering Requirement Document (ERD) is prepared. This document isprepared in consultation with the stakeholders, management, and the systems engineering team.This document must be approved by all parties involved in developing the system.The decomposition, design, integration, and verification process is shown in Fig. 1. Thisrepresents the famous “Vee” model [1], where the decomposition and the design are shown bydownward arrows, and the

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simeon Ntafos, University of Texas, Dallas; Maria Hasenhuttl, University of Texas at Dallas, Jindal School of Management

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

than theenrollment growth). Figure 1 shows freshman retention in the School for the past 14 years.Figure 2 shows four-, five-, and six-year graduation rates for the school for the past six years. Page 26.1017.3Generally, these rates are viewed internally as low, and especially so in view of the fact that theschool brags about the quality of its freshman class (in terms of SAT scores, National Meritfinalists, Terry Scholars).Student services in the School include a program that assists students with internships (fromresume preparation, to coaching for interviews, to career fairs, internship database). In terms ofplacements, the program is among

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher P. Pung, Grand Valley State University; Paul D. Plotkowski, Grand Valley State University; Chris Plouff, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

. Figure 1 Attwood Marine – Pump Flow TestThis particular project required knowledge of Attwood’s preferred PLC’s, safety standards,programming standards, product line, internal specification system and purchasing requirements.Without the advantage of the students with co-op experience and direct experience with Attwoodthis project would not have been attempted. The pump flow test stand has been used for the lastthree years and is currently in service. Page 26.1091.5 Figure 2 Magnum – Lighted Dental Mirror Product DevelopmentThis project was focused on product development. Several design revisions and prototypes werecreated. Again

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wolter J. Fabrycky PE, Virginia Tech and AAII

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

Engineering: Its Emerging Academic and Professional Attributes.3II. Utilizing Systems Analysis Within SESystem design is the prime mover for systems engineering, with system design evaluation beingits compass. System design requires integration and iteration, invoking a process that coordinatessynthesis, analysis, and evaluation over the system life cycle as illustrated in Figure 1. Analysisacting alone is not sufficient. It is analysis that drives the design decision evaluation process. Figure 1. Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation Within SEConsider Figure 2 (left side) regarding the evolution of a decision evaluation capability. Beginwith operations and focus on the scientific management thereof. Operations are continuouslybeing

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa L. Larkin, American University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

offer courses that are geared towards the non-major, most often these courses are traditional physics courses and are taught within the NaturalSciences portion of the general education core of courses. Changing Views of the Universe(Changing Views) is a course that is somewhat unique in that it is taught by physics faculty andeven has a physics prefix on its listing in our course catalog. The uniqueness of this course isthat it is not taught within the Natural Sciences core of general education courses. Rather,Changing Views is taught as part of the Traditions that Shape the Western World portion of ourgeneral education core of courses. This curricular area is best described as:1 “The rich traditions that shape the Western world convey

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William M. Simpson Jr., U.S. Coast Guard Academy; Raymond S. McCord, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

design), and it helps inunderstanding the importance of having enough but not too much structure. This is showngraphically in figure 1. below where it can be seen that the structure of the ship both influencesand is influenced by many other aspects of the ship. Figure 1.The hull, decks, and superstructure of a ship serve as both external envelope boundaries andinternal subdivision boundaries. They are the structures that maintain and support the integrity ofthe ship and keeps the ship watertight as they experience static and dynamic loads. This isreferred to as a monocoque construction where the external covering carries the structural loads.To simplify the explanation of how this all comes together

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge; Jennifer A Farris, Texas Tech University; Mario G. Beruvides Ph. D., Texas Tech University; Ahmad R Sarfaraz, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

universities to set up coursesby virtue of which students would be enabled to work on projects virtually; thus preparing thembetter to join the workforce.Literature ReviewA partially-distributed team is considered a team where at least two team members are co-located, while at least two team members are not co-located. That is, there is at least onesubgroup consisting of co-located members, while other team members are geographicallydispersed from this subgroup (although they may be co-located with each other). For membersand subgroups that are geographically separated, there is a required reliance on electronic meansfor communication15.Figure 1, shown below, represents one of the types of partially distributed team configurationthat could occur

Conference Session

Flipped Electrical and Computer Engineering Classrooms 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory J. Prust, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Richard W. Kelnhofer, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Owe G. Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

results were very positive in terms of student reactions. Most studentsstrongly preferred the flipped format. But from an impact standpoint the grades earned werereasonably similar between the flipped and standard delivery modes. The reason for that, in ouropinion, is that the level of student engagement outside the classroom did not materialize to thedegree necessary.IntroductionThe term “student engagement” is multifaceted and can take many different forms. Examplesinclude academic, cognitive, social, emotional, and institutional to name a few [1]. For this paper,we will focus on academic engagement and will use the following definition. Academicengagement is the “participation in the requirements for school success” [2].There are different

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William J. Schell IV P.E., Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

organizations essential for understanding how to leadeffectively. Instead, programs generally look to electives and general education requirements tofill this gap. This paper examines a path where management material is incorporated into thecore curriculum of an Industrial Engineering program and offered to other engineers as aprofessional elective to meet their degree requirements. For most students, the course is theirfirst exposure to the theoretical underpinnings of management and organizations. Since thesematerials are quite different than those of traditional engineering courses, students often either:1) View the material as ‘fluff’ that is not important to their ability to be an effective engineerand / or 2) Have a great deal of difficulty

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan C Morales, Universidad del Turabo; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

faculty development program discussed in this paper, the SummerFaculty Immersion Program (SFIP), can be traced to the outcomes assessment process that wasstarted in 1999 at the School of Engineering to meet the requirements of ABET accreditation(refer to [1] for a full description of this assessment process). The first assessment instrumentthat uncovered teaching issues was the exit survey of graduating students. The students regularlycommented that there was “too much theory without context” presented in classes. Assessmentat the course level echoed the same issue. The desire to satisfy what seems like a reasonablestudent expectation led to the creation of this faculty development program. The proposal to obtain funding for SFIP was based

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald P. Visco Jr., University of Akron; Dirk Schaefer, University of Bath

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

looked at as a negative by a tenure committee and others, since goodteaching requires a time investment – time the tenure-track faculty member might better havespent on writing another research proposal, for example).If you have the perspective of an undergraduate student, on the other hand, a faculty member’sshortcomings in their ability and training to effectively run a course might encourage you toemphatically state that “yes”, there is a problem. Students (and their parents) will voice theirdispleasure through formalized teaching evaluations, through external instructor rating sites,through emails/phone calls to administrators, through letters in the newspaper, etc. However,many/most undergraduate students will “play the game”1 – which means

Conference Session

Flipped Electrical and Computer Engineering Classrooms 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna Newman, University at Albany/SUNY; Meghan Morris Deyoe, University at Albany, SUNY; Jessica M Lamendola, University at Albany/SUNY

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Methodology. Page 26.1602.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Transition in New Personal Instrumentation in a Flipped Classroom To address the need for collaboration between academe and industry, including the ever-increasing demand of discovery and innovation in science and engineering, the National ScienceFoundation (NSF) sponsored the establishment of the Smart Lighting Engineering ResearchCenter (ERC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) 1. The education component of the SmartLighting ERC addresses university and pre-college level education and outreach and has as

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose E. Sanchez P.E., Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

     group was formed to further discuss the implementation of coastal engineering training asimplemented by the ERDC-WES Graduate Institute, which evolved into the Coastal EngineeringEducation Program (CEEP).The CEEP consisted of classes offered by the Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC), oneof the ERDC laboratories, and Texas A&M University (TAMU) towards a master’s degree inocean-coastal engineering for Corps employees. The program was designed such that Districtemployees took classes from TAMU and CERC over a 1-year period. Students spent onesemester on the TAMU campus in College Station, Texas, one semester at CERC in Vicksburg,Mississippi, and took courses and gained field experience at the Field Research Facility, a Corpscoastal

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sara A. Atwood, Elizabethtown College; Brenda Read-Daily, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

were asked todiscuss the fictional situation in light of Engineering Code of Ethics. Students were given atleast three weeks to complete the assignment.These range of options were given so that students could use a creative outlet of their preference.Students worked in teams of two to three of their choosing. A grading rubric (Appendix) wasgiven to the students ahead of time so that they were clear on the grading metrics in thefollowing categories: ethics, broad impacts, engineering as profession, communication, andcreativity. A grading scale of 1 to 4 was used for each category with 4 being exceptional oroutstanding work and 1 being poor work. A “3” was considered satisfactory or good work. The

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Kjolsing P.E., University of California, San Diego; Yael Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

studentlearning, student satisfaction, or both: in-class group problem solving[1], peer instruction[2], theuse of workbooks[3], physical demonstrations[4], interactive online textbooks[5], body-centeredtalk[6], inverted or flipped classrooms[7], etc. However, recommendations are scarce on how tobest combine these innovative activities into one class: how do we begin to assemble the partsinto a whole? In the 2000’s Steif and Dollár[8] suggested and then later showed[9] that thecombination of in-class conceptual questions and hands-on physical demonstrations in a Staticsclass resulted in high learning gains. Researchers later developed[10] and found[11] thatsupplemental web-based content was also beneficial to student learning. However, whileconceptual

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shawn P. Gross, Villanova University; Eric Musselman P.E., Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

addressed modern structural analysis techniques covered in an introductorygraduate level course that qualified students may still take. The change also effectively reducedthe required track in structural engineering by one credit hour (from seven to six).The evolution of the junior structural design course that is the focus of this paper is summarizedin Table 1. Specific details regarding course structure such as enrollment, number of sections,and class meeting times are given to provide context for the discussions on specific componentsof the inverted classroom format that follow.Table 1 – Evolution of Structural Design Course Format(s) at Villanova University Semester < Spring Spring 2012 Spring 2013 Spring 2014

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Specking, University of Arkansas; Patricia E Kirkwood, University of Arkansas; Lihua Yang, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

stagelongitudinal study on engineering perception. This paper will analyze the results fromphase one, stage one of the longitudinal study with regards to industrial engineering. Itwill 1) briefly introduce the longitudinal study, 2) discuss the phase one, stage one onlinesurvey administered to first year engineering students at the University of Arkansas, and3) examine the survey results for those students interested in industrial engineering tohelp provide insight on why students are interested in industrial engineering, the strengthof current and future job opportunities, and how first year engineering students interestedin industrial engineering perceive industrial engineering.BackgroundThere are many papers in the literature addressing a college or pre

Conference Session

Nuclear and Radiological Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yaël-Alexandra Jackie Monereau, Elyape Consulting, LLLP; University of Tennessee

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

value of people is increased or decreased based on knowledge, this information may beobtained through multiple facets. Taking an in-depth look at the multiple Implementations inEngineering Practices that are being introduced across the various industries, there are some verystrong differences in delivery methods; however the similarities far out-weigh the variances.Utilizing Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) environments in addition totraditional teaching practices allows for a comprehensive view to what can only be experiencedthrough doing. Simulation type teaching is built on the premise of, "I hear and I forget. I see andI remember. I do and I understand." Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) [1].It is imperative to remember that

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Evan C. Lemley, University of Central Oklahoma; Aric M. Gillispie; Mathew Benton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

.​  ​ The author initially implemented this approach to employ high­impact learning practices in the classroom.   Flipped Classroom Pedagogy    1​ This class was operated in “blended” fashion​  where there was an online component  (instructional media) and regular class meetings. The regular meetings did not include lectures,  but instead involved one­on­one and group problem solving. The instructor’s role in these  meetings was to guide students, explain difficult and confusing concepts, and interact with  each student individually or in small groups during each class meeting. The ​ flipped ​format for

Conference Session

Nuclear and Radiological Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas E. Adams, NSWC Crane / Purdue University, West Lafayette; Shripad T. Revankar, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

. Page 26.1334.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Research, Development and Evaluation Capabilities for Betavoltaic Power Sources1. IntroductionRadiation interaction with materials can have beneficial uses, such as in betavoltaic cells, a typeof radioisotope power source that utilize energy of beta radiation converted into electricity [1].The specific development of betavoltaic devices has arisen out of the need for reliable, long-lived, high energy density power sources for operating electrical systems in hostile andinaccessible environments, such as -40°C and 80°C. It is well established that conventionalelectrochemical batteries, despite their

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Richey, The Boeing Company; Timothy Kieran O'Mahony, University of Washington; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Fabian Zender, The Boeing Company; Barry McPherson, Boeing

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

) writing and using instructional objectives, (b)adopting active learning strategies, and (c) effective use of diagnostic, formative, and summativeassessments. Pre and post assessment of participants’ conception of teaching was captured by a20 question multiple-choice instrument that included demographic material (pre) and courseevaluation (post) as appropriate. Item categories on the instrument were drawn from Bransford’sHow People Learn (HPL) framework 1, a framework that is acknowledged as a practical way oforganizing what we know about teaching and learning today. Participant responses wereaggregated into four categories that derive from this framework (learner, knowledge, assessment,and community) and investigate how teaching methods

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L Springer PMP, SPHR, SHRM-SCP, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark T Schuver, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

investment, all creating woefully wasteful, exaggerated and inflamedcosts. Some of the more obvious problems stem from simple problems to solve such as havingmultiple mail server applications or over three dozen web design tools. These are simply lowhanging fruit when it comes to efficiency gains.Colleges and universities are under increasing pressure to accomplish four things: increaserevenues, decrease expenses, improve quality and strengthen reputation7 (p. 1). This paper dealsdirectly with increasing revenue which feeds and promotes changes in program quality andstrengthening a college’s or university’s reputation.This paper will dig deeper into the cultural implications of running the academy as a business,and the implications for historical

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen W. McKnight, Northeastern University; Christos Zahopoulos, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

Kirchhoff’s voltage lawis always true despite its obvious violation of Faraday’s law of induced EMF. The danger of thispremature specialization of engineering education becomes apparent when engineers from onediscipline work in teams with engineers from other disciplines and find they have no commonunderstanding of problems outside of their own engineering discipline. 2The authors have collaborated in teaching an advanced survey course on the physical sciencefoundations of engineering to graduate engineering students in an engineering leadershipprogram. The elevator speech on why such a course is needed goes as follows: 1) mostengineering students take all of their basic science courses during their Freshman year, 2) mostof them don’t like those

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bijan Sepahpour, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

presents the contentsand the sequence of the activities in a well-balanced Senior Seminar course designed forengineering students with diverse backgrounds. The course has been offered in this mode for thepast five (5) years and there is considerable assessment data available to support itseffectiveness.I – IntroductionThe College of New Jersey (TCNJ) offers 4-year ABET-Accredited undergraduate engineeringprograms in: 1. Biomedical Engineering with the choice of ME or ECE tracks/ concentrations, 2. Civil Engineering, 3. Computer Engineering, 4. Electrical Engineering, 5. Mechanical Engineering, and 6. Engineering Science with: a) The Management Track and choices of ME or ECE concentrations, and

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kate D. Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology (SES)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

transitioned into an “Innovation and Entrepreneurship” course, which wouldrun side by side with the capstone design course in one of two formats.One format called TG 421- Entrepreneurial Analysis of Engineering Design, runs the 3-credit course in one semester, and has been running this way for many years. Mostseniors take this course in the fall as they begin their capstone design. TG 421 is run aslarger sections (50 to 100 students) with about 5 workshops imbedded in the course. Page 26.1392.3The second format, TG 403/404 – Senior Innovation 1 and 2, runs as two courses overtwo semesters, applying 2 credits to the fall and one credit to the spring. TG 403

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Chong, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

cultural resonances. Instead of starting 10 minutes after the hour, the class wouldbegin with an activity, short film clip, or discussion (approximately 5 minutes after the hour),often culminating in a competition for a small, inconsequential prize. Some, such as NeilPostman in Amusing Ourselves to Death [1], might categorize these strategies as “edutainment,”a derogatory term used to encompass the conflation of entertainment and education. These criticsargue that “edutainment” achieves neither, because the two are mutual exclusive. While thedebate on the effectiveness of educating through entertainment remains an important pedagogicalquestion, it should be noted that the approach described in this paper does not combineentertainment and education

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica L. Heier Stamm, Kansas State University; Reuben F. Burch V, Kansas State University; Hugh R. Medal, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

in a graduate-level courseproject for several reasons. First, the company is interested in project-based learning experiences.Project-based learning, or PBL, in the classroom is a concept that has been in practice since itsinitial suggestion by John Dewey in 1897 when he promoted “learning by doing”1. For industry,when learning by doing is executed correctly in the classroom, those students who “solveauthentic problems and produce results that matter” are extremely attractive as future hires5.Expectations from competitive companies are such that new hires must be capable of entering awork culture and producing immediately as personnel resources continue to be reduced whileproduction output anticipations are ever on the rise. PBL at the

Conference Session

Nuclear and Radiological Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Prins, United States Military Academy; Bryndol A. Sones, United States Military Academy; Daniel Schlich , U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

time military training. Subsequently, thenecessary paperwork was filed with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to allow licensed sealedsources to be used on a specific training site, commonly referred to as Camp Shea (Figure 1).During summer training operations, Camp Shea is used as a military operations in an urbanterrain (MOUT) training range.Figure 1. Pictures showing the entrance to the Camp Shea training complex located on thegrounds of the United States Military Academy and cadets conducting radiation surveyoperations.The West Point NE program is fortunate to possess numerous radiation detectors across thedetection spectrum of ionization chambers, scintillation detectors, and Geiger-Mueller detectors.Likewise, radiation dosimetry is

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Runing Zhang P.E., Metropolitan State University of Denver; Aaron Brown, Metropolitan State University of Denver; Jeno Balogh, Metropolitan State University of Denver

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

and leadership model forengineering students which prepares those students with a curriculum that encompasses aregional and global perspective of sustainable development theory, relying on a soundunderstanding and application of engineering fundamentals and coupled with an emphasis oncommunication skills. The objective of the SSE program is integrating sustainable and systemsengineering to provide students with more comprehensive prospective view of human well-beingand development. It emphases on two aspects: 1) the vision of sustainable development and 2)the leadership of sustainable development.Future engineers should be able to see a systemic picture of a proposed project. They should beable to understand the impacts of the prospective