Conference Session

Applications in Mechanical ET

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Francis Di Bella

study of a 40 kwe cogeneration system with a Qdemand/Qcogen. heatratio of 1.5. FI GU R E 5 . C U M M U LA T I VE D A T A FR OM A LL C OM P U TER P A R A M ETR I C C A LC U L A TI ON S WI T H TH ER M A L S TOR A GE S I ZES OF 2 5 0 , 5 0 0 , 1, 0 0 0 A N D 2 , 0 0 0 GA LS . { wi t h FA C I LI TY H EA T D EM A N D TO C OGEN . R EC OVER Y R A TI O, Qde ma nd/ Qc oge n. =2 } T250-P40 1.2 T250-P80 40 Kwe dat a

Conference Session

Course and Curriculum Innovations in ECE

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Tyson Hall; David Anderson

Session: 2632 Merging Theory and Implementation: A Framework for Teaching DSP Hardware Design Tyson S. Hall and David V. Anderson Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250 {tyson,dva}@ece.gatech.eduAbstractIn this paper, we present a framework for teaching DSP hardware design and provide thenecessary technical infrastructure for enabling this convergence of theory and implementa-tion. Even though many curricula include separate classes in both DSP theory and VHDLmodeling, there are few opportunities given to students to combine these two skills

Conference Session

Potpourri Design

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven Beyerlein; Denny Davis; Kenneth Gentili

projects or understanding design processes. Igniter Phrases Learn to use phrases that will create a positive environment to support the team’s activities. Ø Tasks • Team brainstorms for “igniter phrases. ” • Identify at least 20 “igniter phrases. ” Ø Deliverables • Team reporter presents orally: • Number of “igniter phrases ” identified • Most effective phrase to help create a positive t eam environment. Ø Criteria for Success • Team members listen and build upon each other ’s comments • Class begins to understand how pos itive communication can affect team performance • The class’s culture shifts towards positiv ism and support Ø

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Frederick Berry; Patricia Carlson

understanding for the assignment and its outcomes.Components that Facilitate UsageThe CPR™ system contains several components that facilitate both usage and learning. Though Page 8.745.3the multiple features make the system seem complex, following a typical session pathProceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ©2003, American Society for Engineering Educationdemonstrates both CPR™’s power and its ease-of-use. Figure 1 – a conceptual overview –guides the discussion for the features and

Conference Session

Innovations in the CHE Laboratory

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

James Fenton; H. Russell Kunz; Suzanne Fenton

Session 1522 The Fuel Cell – An Ideal Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Experiment Jung-Chou Lin, H. Russel Kunz, James M. Fenton, Suzanne S. Fenton University of ConnecticutAbstractFuel cell based experiments embody principles in electrochemistry, thermodynamics, kineticsand transport and are ideally suited for the chemical engineering curricula. Experiments using ahydrogen proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell have been developed for the chemicalengineering undergraduate laboratory. The experiments allow students to study the principles offuel cell

Conference Session

ECE Laboratory Development and Innovations

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Daniel Beenfeldt; John Field; Eric Beenfeldt; Edward Williams

ECE Department has required two semester-long courses in thefreshman curriculum to introduce its majors to their discipline. Initially, both of these courseswere wholly technical where the first course dealt with digital logic and the other with assembly 1language programming. In the early 1990’s the first course , ECE 101, was restructured toprovide a general introduction to electrical and computer engineering, including modules aimedat helping students make the transition from high school to college. Technical topics includeresistive circuits, RC circuits, the 555 timer, combinational logic, Karnaugh maps, sequentiallogic, DC motors and PWM control. These topics give the technical

Conference Session

MET Student Design Projects

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

R.L. Alan Jordan

Session Number: 2148 DESIGN PROJECTS and INDUSTRY ENGAGEMENT in a MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM R. L. Alan Jordan PE, Associate Professor, Dennis S. Schell, Patent Attorney Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Technology Purdue University Statewide Technology - Muncie, IN/ Baker & Daniels Indianapolis, INAbstract Design projects are encouraged and even required in most engineering

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Gary Boyd; Alan Insleay; Geza Joos

learners tothink more deeply about the components (e.g. converters and motors), circuits(controllers) and systems which they will design and specify.II - NEEDED CONTROLSIn the case of classroom presentation and demonstration software the controls areinstituted by the instructors and demonstrators usually in an ad-hoc fashion. However,when packages such as OATS [9] and our CD-ROM are produced, arrangements need tobe made to guide the learner(s), and to provide scaffolding, to provide for self-tests andto record and exhibit progress clearly so that the learner(s) can make wise choices of howmuch time and effort need to be spent to achieve their goals. In OATS we did this usingthe QUEST+(tm) authoring language as a scaffolding shell, but that

Conference Session

Student Teams and Active Learning

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Kathleen Pearle; Gary Dainton; Christine Johnston; David Hutto; Kathryn Hollar; Eric Constans; Jennifer Kadlowec; Joseph Orlins; Kauser Jahan; Roberta Harvey; Bernard Pietrucha; Paris von Lockette; Linda Head; Stephanie Farrell; Douglas Cleary

. Page 7.1287.4 “Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright Ó 2002, American Society for Engineering Education” Table 2. Rowan University Freshman Engineering Clinic 2001 Use First Avo id Sequence Precision Technical Confluent S P T C S P T CMean 25.3 21.4 27.9 22.1 71 15 98 27 15 2 13Median 25.5 21 28 22Mode 26 19 25 22N=126 Table 3. Rowan University Sophomore Engineering Clinic 2001

Conference Session

New Ideas

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

David Zietlow

.0001Chilled Water Flow Rate 960 gpm (61. liters/s)Water Temperature Entering Condenser 85 ºF (29. ºC)Condenser Waterside Field Fouling Allowance .00025Condenser Water Flow Rate 1200 gpm (76 liters/s) For the operating conditions contained in Table 1 the high efficiency chiller required .560kW of compressor power per ton of cooling (COP = 6.28) while the low efficiency unit required.732 kW/ton (COP = 4.80). The initial cost for the high effiency unit was assumed to be$175,000 while the low efficiency unit only cost $120,000. The life of the chillers is assumed tobe the same

Conference Session

ET Interdisciplinary Education

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

P. James Moser; Biswajit Ray

program unique in thisliberal arts setting. In this paper, we will discuss how and why engineering technology wasintroduced into this type of environment.The need of a new programDuring the early 1990’s, our faculty noticed that most graduates in physics, including some ofthe very best, were choosing to go to work immediately upon graduation, rather than continuingtheir education in graduate school. This was a significant departure from previous trends. Inresponse, the department adjusted the physics program and academic advisement so that studentsbound for industry upon graduation would have a strong foundation in both electronics and inoptics, two areas of application in which the department had strength in terms of facultyexpertise and

Conference Session

The Transition from Secondary to College Mathematics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helen M. Doerr, Syracuse University; Andria Costello Staniec, Syracuse University; AnnMarie H. O'Neil, C.S. Driver Middle School

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

in any complex human system, such as education, there is muchvariation present, most of which cannot be controlled in any meaningful sense. Hence, we havetaken a design-based approach that can yield improvements that can be measured locally andaggregated over time, while at the same time giving us insight into how to be effective inimplementing change.References[1] Gattis, C., Hill, B., & Lachowsky, A. (2007). A successful engineering peer mentoring program. In American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.[2] Jones, S., Rusch, K., Waggenspack, W., Seals, R., & Henderson, V. (2010). S-STEM: Eng^2 scholars for success engineering engagement. In American Society for

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-college Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alpaslan Sahin, AggieSTEM Center at Texas A&M University; James R. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Niyazi Erdogan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

coursework and time on SAT scores. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 866-875.6. Capraro, R. M. & Slough, S. W. (2008). Project-based learning: An integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics approach. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.7. College Board (2011). Program summary report 2011. Retrieved from http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/AP-Program-Summary-Report.pdf8. Dick, T. P. & Rallis, S. F. (1991). Factors and influences on high school students' career choices, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 22(4), 281-292.9. Ferry, N. M. (2006). Factors influencing career choices of adolescents and young adults in rural Pennsylvania, Journal of Extension, 44(3

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Cooper, North Carolina State University; Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University; Steven W. Peretti, North Carolina State University; David F. Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

as students enter their junior and senior years. A drawback ofwritten assignments is the potential for plagiarism of outside materials by students. Plagiarism isproblematic from an academic perspective for two commonly-cited reasons: (1) the student(s)who plagiarize neither develop associated writing skills nor learn the intended lesson content1,and (2) students within a class where other students are plagiarizing without knowledge of theinstructor may receive comparatively poor grades even though they are learning and developingthe intended skills.Prior to word processing and the Internet, plagiarism required considerable effort: students mustfirst locate a book, article or old report, then write or type the outside text. However, in

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert G. Ryan, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

presenter are TBPsmooth and effectiveUse of Presentation Media - Effectiveness of use of media (e.g., graphics, MEDCAD models, handouts, video clips, prototype, physical mockups) andtheir formats (e.g., font, color, units)Questions and Answers - Questions are answered accurately and concisely QAif the presenter(s) knows the answer, or handled appropriately if thepresenter(s) doesn’t know the answer, or taken as opportunity to delvedeeper into the topicAdherence to Time Limit - Presentation delivered within the allowed time TLlimitProblem Definition - A clearly stated design problem definition is PDEFpresented (e.g. what need(s) does this design meet, what are

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Education Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

COURTESY OF W. S. U. WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY PULLMAN, WA. 99164. LIKERT SCALE WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION (1: Strongly Disagree; 5: Strongly Agree) 1 Visual (Manometer) 4 5 3 4 3 3 2 3 5 4 2 2 3 5 2 5 2 5 3 2 Aural (Fundamentals) 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 5 3 Reading (Bernoulli) 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 4 Kinesthetic (Viscosity) 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development and Distance Learning Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig G. Downing, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

the actual deployment of the short course(s).Upon completion of the short course(s) all participants are emailed an evaluation request. Theassessment instrument is available electronically for approximately two weeks after each session.At the end of the first week a response rate is provided by the Office of Institutional Research,Planning and Assessment (IRPA) and a secondary email is sent if the response rate is lower than60%. To date our average response rate is approximately 73%.MarketingTo assist in developing a new communicating strategy we returned to our alumni to discuss newservices offered by Continuing and Professional Studies. As previously mentioned, members ofthe Alumni Advisory Board had previously voiced a desire for Rose

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard A. Kolk; Claudio Campana; Jun Kondo; Devdas Shetty

, hysteresis (on/off), decoupling, linearizing, Fuzzy, Fuzzy + NN)3. Micro-electromechanical Systems4. Advanced sensors5. Using wide area and local area networks (WAN, LAN) including Ethernet6. Elements of enterprise systems: client server architecture, remote connectivity, remote upgradeable s/w, applications (machine health and monitoring, energy management, electronic service,…).3. LANGUAGE-NEUTRAL TEACHING APPROACHHistorically, mechanical engineering has focused on machine improvement throughmechanical design. Ease of assembly and service, weight, efficiency, and reliability areall metrics considered in the design but the majority of design solutions are deployed inthe mechanical design itself and do not involve cross-discipline (software

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Timothy N. Chang; Daphne l. Chang

+/- 1 degree with less than 25%overshoot and in minimum time, while holding the load in that position for at least two Page 5.322.3minutes. Block diagram of the single link robot arm system is show in Figure 1 whereasthe control system block diagram is shown in Figure 2. The students are free to designand implement the hardware platform, sensors, and control software. Figure 1. Block Diagram of the Single Link Robot Arm. Power Single Link Robot Sensor(s) Electronics Dynamics D/A TMS320C25 A/D DSP

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Ronald C. Matusiak; D. Steven Barker

store IR LED/detector separation = 5 cm Vectorboard breadboard Apparatus stand (Can be made of wood or metal) S Frequency generator, 10 kHz sine wave: 0 to -15 v. [Note 3] VCC 30 v, 1 a, DC Power Supply VDD ±15 v, <20 ma DC power supply for all op amps except the VEE one closest to the transistor Dual-trace oscilloscope Multimeter (electromagnet current monitor) Total cost of components excluding electromagnet, circuit board, and test equipment: $12.49.Note 1: Doubling R4 will increase the DC voltage swing at (D) - probably desirable.Note 2: Doubling R19 may promote increased damping capability - add a series resistor.Note 3: A square wave at (S) may produce

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Mark A. Shields; John P. O'Connell

-related social transformation either in U. S. or abroad Page 2.333.5 5. Nurture Ethics/Values/Service Commitment: Analyze ethical aspects of productdesign, marketing, and impact, including how ethical professional judgment can beapplied to real-world product development 6. Expand Industrial Readiness: Develop appreciation for the importance of effective technical communication for professional success 7. Enhance Technological Capability: Understand the "human-machine interface": howthe technical features of devices and systems have non-technical consequencesIn

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Krzysztof Malinowski; Jerzy Woznicki; Andrzej Krasniewski

student has to take 10 or more courses per semester, with over 30hours of regularly scheduled lectures, recitations, and laboratory sessions per week. Eachgraduating MS student has to submit and defend a thesis.A recipient of a Master's degree can follow one of two basic paths leading to a PhD degree. Oneway, typical for the 70's and 80's, but still frequently adopted, is to take a position of a teachingassistant or research assistant at a higher education institution or research institute and pursue - inparallel with routine teaching, research and administrative duties - research work in the selectedarea, under supervision of a senior member of academic or research staff. An alternative is topursue a program of study leading to a PhD degree

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rea Lavi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Aikaterini Bagiati, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Gregory L Long PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; M. Mehdi Salek; Amitava 'Babi' Mitra, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

”, Perspectives on PsychologicalScience, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 164–180, 2006.[13] Shin, J. E. L., Levy, S. R., and London, B., “Effects of role model exposure on STEM andnon-STEM student engagement”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 410–427, 2016. 17[14] Soltovets, E., Chigisheva, O., and Dmitrova, A., “The Role of Mentoring in Digital LiteracyDevelopment of Doctoral Students at British Universities”, Eurasia Journal of Mathematics,Science and Technology Education, vol. 16, no. 4, em1839, 2020.[15] Wilson, Z. S., Holmes, L., Degravelles, K., Sylvain, M. R., Batiste, L., Johnson, M.,McGuire, S. Y., Pang, S. S., and Warner, I. M., “Hierarchical mentoring: A transformativestrategy for

Conference Session

Innovations in Experiments and Modeling

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert P. Hesketh, Rowan University; Barnabas Gao, Rowan University; Kirti M Yenkie, Rowan University; Swapana Subbarao Jerpoth, Rowan University; David Anthony Theuma, Rowan University; Sean Curtis, Rowan University; Michael Fracchiolla, Rowan University; C. Stewart Slater, Rowan University; Mariano Javier Savelski, Rowan University; Steven Roth, Rowan University; Emma Marie Padros, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

Swapana Subbarao Jerpoth, Rowan University Swapana S. Jerpoth received her B.Tech degree in Chemical Engineering from Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering and Technology, India in 2017, and her M.Tech degree in Petrochemical Engineering from Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, India in 2019. SMr. David Anthony Theuma, Rowan University I am a recent chemical engineering graduate of Rowan University looking for employment in the chemical manufacturing, project engineering, or engineering consulting industries. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Paper ID #43351Sean Curtis, Rowan

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 27

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Jackson, University of Georgia; Daniel Bayah, University of Georgia; Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University ; Scott R Bartholomew, Brigham Young University; Scott Thorne, Purdue University ; Wonki Lee, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

design and manufacturing. He is also currently serves as a board member for Indiana TSA as the Competitive Events Coordinator.Ms. Wonki Lee, Purdue University Wonki Lee is pursuing a PhD in Curriculum and Instructionˆa C™s Literacy and Language program at Purdue University. She received her B.A and M.S in Korean Language Education from Seoul National University, South Korea. She served culturally and linguistical ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Assessing design thinking mindset: Using factor analysis to reexamine instrument validityAbstractThis method paper analyzes validity evidence of the Design Thinking Mindset Questionnaire andextends the

Conference Session

Materials Division (MATS) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan Barlow, zyBooks; Adrian Rodriguez, zyBooks; Lauren Fogg; Linda Ratts, Wiley; Yasaman Adibi, zyBooks; Jenny Welter, Wiley; Mary Fraley, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Materials Division (MATS)

. Bovtruk, I. Slipukhina, S. Mieniailov, P. Chernega, and N. Kurylenko, "Development of an electronic multimedia interactive textbook for physics study at technical universities," 16th International Conference on ICT in Education, Research and Industrial Applications, October 2020.[5] K.M. Kecskemety, K.A. Parris, "Exploring the impact of a Matlab programming interactive e-textbook in a first-year engineering course," ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, June 2019.[6] Liaw, S. S., & Huang, H. M. (2016). Investigating learner attitudes toward e-books as learning tools: based on the activity theory approach. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(3), 625-643.[7] R. McFall, H. Dershem, and D

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 10: Special Topics and Innovative Methods in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahra Pournorouz, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

’ work for term project:Team A2 chose the Tesla Model S body for their design. They modeled the body and chassis andperformed a drop test in SolidWorks to show how the vehicle chassis will react to a collision asshown in figures 1 and 2. The impact velocity was set at 130 m/s to show the extremes that thechassis would undergo while hitting a vehicle or obstruction head on at high speeds. Theyperformed the simulation for front, side and rear impacts.They also performed an aerodynamics study with speed that was set was 40 mph as a baselineand results are shown in figure 3.For integrating AI, the team chose Obstacle Avoidance and Automated Parking. Then, the teamreferenced MathWorks’ Obstacle Avoidance Using Adaptive Model Predictive Control

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND) Technical Session 14

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Ronald Sturgess, Florida International University; Bruk T Berhane, Florida International University; Stephen Secules, Florida International University; Haiying Long; Daniel Ifeoluwa Adeniranye, Florida International University; Jingjing Liu, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)

-traditional students, and broadening participation in engineering education. He received his B.S. in electrical engineering from Tuskegee University, an M.S in journalism from the University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, an M.S. in physics from Fisk University, an M.S. in industrial engineering from the University of Central Florida and an M.Ed. in educational leadership from Texas Christian University.Dr. Bruk T Berhane, Florida International University Dr. Bruk T. Berhane received his bachelorˆa C™s degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland in 2003. He then completed a masterˆa C™s degree in engineering management at George Washington University in 2007. In 2016, he earned a PhDr. Stephen Secules

Conference Session

Learning Mechanics through Visual and Tactile Modalities

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarira Motaref, University of Connecticut

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics Division (MECHS)

anddevelopment. Prentice-Hall.[2] Letina, A. (2015). Application of Traditional and Alternative Assessment in Science andSocial Studies Teaching. Croatian Journal Educational / Hrvatski Casopis Za Odgoj I[3] Chrysochoou M, Zaghi AE, Syharat CM (2022) Reframing neurodiversity in engineeringeducation. Front. Educ. 7:995865. DOI: 10.3389/feduc.2022.995865[4] Armstrong, T. (2012). First, Discover Their Strengths. Educational Leadership, 70(2), 10.[5] Daniels, S., & Freeman, M. (2018). Gifted dyslexics: MIND-strengths, visual thinking, andcreativity. In S. B. Kaufman (Ed.), Twice exceptional: Supporting and educating bright andcreative students with learning difficulties, Oxford University Press (pp. 266-277).[6] von Károlyi, C. (2001). Visual–spatial

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lydia Ross, Arizona State University; Deeksha Seth, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

Education, A New Technology for Learning, information Science Reference, pp. 1–30, 2012.7. A. Eguchi, “Theories and Practices Behind Educational Robotics for All,” pp. 677–715, 2022.8. K. Berns, T. Braun, C. Hillenbrand, and T. Luksch, “Developing Climbing Robots for Education,” Computer Science, Education, Engineering, 2005.9. M. Sanders, “TEM, STEM Education, and STEMmania,” Technology Teacher, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 20-26, 2009.10. T. Moore, M. Stohlmann, H. Wang, K. Tank, A. Glancy, and G. Roehrig, “Implementation and integration of engineering in K-12 STEM education,” in Engineering in Pre-College Settings, S. Purzer, J. Strobel, and M. Cardella, Eds. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 2014, pp. 35-60.11. R. W. Bybee, The