Conference Session

Trends and Applications in Curricula and the Capstone Experience

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel M. Dulaski PE, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

plans SPRING BREAK Final report and plans Present final plans to community Final Presentations Figure 2 Transportation Capstone Requirements, by Week, Civil and Environmental Engineering (Transportation Concentration) – Northeastern UniversitySemester Outline – Task-BasedDuring the second week of the semester, the firms are given project descriptions. The projectdescriptions are “broad”. The “broad” descriptions are deliberate – they afford the students theopportunity to be creative in their approach. The projects are reviewed by the consulting teams.After the review, the students write two

Conference Session

Attracting Young MINDS in Engineering - Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lynn Albers, North Carolina State University; Stevie Clark, North Carolina State University; Elizabeth Parry, North Carolina State University; Ryan Smith, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Cooperation on Science Fair Projects on Elementary School StudentsAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to show that outside the classroom, active learning throughscience fair projects with assistance from RAMP-UP Fellows can positively impactfourth graders. A comparison of the students’ third grade End-of-Grade (EOG) mathscores to their fourth grade EOG math scores, after they have worked with RAMP-UPFellows on science fair projects, is presented to assess the impact. RAMP-UP assistedfourth graders in 2007 had a 2.96% and an 11.43% improvement in their developmentscale score and achievement level respectively as compared to 1.99% and 3.59%improvement by their peers. The 2008 and 2009 assisted science fair students did notperform as well as

Conference Session

Design Across Disciplines

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farrokh Attarzadeh, University of Houston; Alan Gow, Alan Gow and Associates; EunSook Kwon, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

January 15, 2011).[2] Proposal Writing Workshop Presentation (F101), http://step.eng.lsu.edu/nsf/facilitators/, (last accessed onJanuary 15, 2011).[3] http://www.uh.edu/discovery/QEP_Full_Report.pdf, (last accessed on January 18, 2011)[4] BiPOM, http://www.bipom.com/student_projects.php, (last accessed on January 15, 2011). Page 22.938.9 Appendix A Table A: Peer-in Class Evaluation, CETE Teams PresentingEvaluation Categories Team Team Team Team 1 7 8 9Project

Conference Session

Accreditation and Related Issues in ECE

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Susan Lord

nontraditional. All of these aspects fitin with the strategies for developing lifelong learning described by Parkinson6 and McCombs9.Course Activities Related to Lifelong Learning and Contemporary IssuesLiterature Research Project: Paper and PresentationStudents explored an area more deeply by writing and presenting a paper on a topic of theirchoice. Multiple opportunities for peer review and criticism are provided to help studentsdevelop their communication skills as well as requiring them to think at the highest level ofBloom’s taxonomy “Evaluation”10. As Mourtos7 describes, operating at these higher levels isi Page 10.1484.2 Due to the

Conference Session

Using Teams, Seminars & Research Opportunities for Retention

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Hailey, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, including external guest speakers,introductions to the female faculty members, and presentations by Career Services.In addition to borrowing many of the ideas from a number of existing seminars, the USUseminar was shaped by data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) Page 11.994.2freshman survey.6 The 2004 CIRP survey was completed by 79% of the main campus freshmanclass. USU freshman students differ from those of their peers at comparable institutions in anumber of areas. ‚ 86% of the USU freshman class viewed raising a family as essential or very important compared with 78% of the freshman at peer schools. ‚ 35% of

Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Showkat J. Chowdhury, Alabama A&M University; Xiang Zhao, Alabama A&M University; Tamara Chowdhury, Alabama A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

rate, and graduation time needed are significantly better compared totheir peers. This study shows that, the scholarships and various academic supports provided tothe talented but financially needy minority students had significant impact on student success,retention, and graduation.1. IntroductionIn an increasingly competitive and technology driven global economy, the future prosperity ofU.S. to succeed depends in a large measure on a STEM educated workforce. During the nextdecade, U.S. demand for scientists and engineers is expected to increase four times compared toother occupations [1],[2]. Yet, only 32% of undergraduates in the U.S. receive their degrees inSTEM while the corresponding figures for Japan, China, and Germany are 55%, 59

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeyoung Woo, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Jinsung Cho, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Winny Dong

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

is planned to enhance the incoming transfer student’s sense of belonging, to prepare their career development (resume writing, interview), and to review the bottleneck course contents (Surveying and Statics).3) Faculty development activities To help in developing and offering more lower-division engineering courses at the three partnering institutions, the project hosts the Faculty Learning Community (FLC) with the faculty from Cal Poly Pomona and community colleges. Then, the faculty from Cal Poly Pomona shares teaching materials (lecture notes, assignments, quizzes, and exams) with the other faculty for their reasonable amount of workload to develop and offer lower- division

Conference Session

FPD3 -- Professional Issues for First-Year Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Mathias, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Lalit Gupta, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Jale Tezcan, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Ronald Caffey, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Bruce Chrisman, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Chris Pearson, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; John Nicklow, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Ernest Lewis, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Rhonda Kowalchuk, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Kathy Pericak-Spector, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Hasan Sevim, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

engineering residential college, and peer mentoring, faculty mentoring,and mentoring by practicing engineers.The introduction to engineering course will include all freshman students in SIUC College ofEngineering. This lecture-laboratory course will provide an interesting description of eachengineering major and allows students to work with hands-on projects that will teach theusefulness of mathematics and basic engineering concepts. The SIUC College of Engineeringhas worked with other departments on campus to offer engineering designated sections of corecurriculum courses, such as math, sciences, English, and speech communication. The summermath course lasts four-weeks and accepts students who test below the pre-calculus level andprepares them for

Conference Session

Teaming & Collaborative Learning

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhsin Menekse, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

modulus, bond energy, thermal expansion and melting points. Wealso created an activity sheet with five short answer questions to scaffold and guide students tointerpret specific aspects of the information provided in the graphs and figures. Students were 1    asked to write their responses on the worksheets. The accompanying activity sheet delivered aninquiry-oriented activity in which the data and relations embedded within the graphs and figureswere followed by questions that directed students to generate analyses and conclusions. All participants read an introductory text individually for 10-15 minutes. Sections of thistext was taken from

Conference Session

Teaming & Collaborative Learning

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eileen Haase PhD, Johns Hopkins University; BaDoi Nguyen Phan, Johns Hopkins University; Harry R. Goldberg, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

of team based collaborative learning. In addition to theshort-term knowledge gain acquired through peer instruction, we also measured long-termretention of final exam material four months’ post-final. On both the final exam and the fourmonth post-final retest, students scored significantly higher on material taught through TBL.Thus, team based learning, which includes a combination of reading, writing, kinesthetic andaural methods of learning, demonstrated significant short- and long-term gains in contentretention.BackgroundThe Johns Hopkins University Biomedical Engineering (BME) course Molecules and Cells is amandatory class for BME majors, primarily taught during fall of their sophomore year. Inaddition, approximately ten percent of the

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Siddha Pimputkar, Lehigh University; Gregory Mark Skutches, Lehigh University; Sabrina Starr Jedlicka, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

English Department at DeSales University in Center Valley, Pennsylvania in 1999 and returned to Lehigh in 2006 to establish and direct the Writing Across the Curriculum Program and teach courses in literature and first-year writing. In the fall of 2008, he launched the Technology, Research, and Communication (TRAC) Writing Fellows Program, which has grown into an organization of 85 discipline-based peer writing tutors who, in total, work with more than 1,300 students at Lehigh each semester. His research interests include topics in writing across the curriculum, composition theory, argument theory, and peer learning with a special focus on writing fellows programs.Dr. Sabrina Starr Jedlicka, Lehigh University

Conference Session

EMD Curriculum Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

is monitored by milestones defined in the project charter, project baselineschedule and earned value analysis—again, a demonstration that these topics are understood.Meeting the project milestones ultimately means the project meets the need of the sponsoringclient. Throughout the project, project team members write (for review/ranking) a weeklyprogress memo indicating both personal progress on project responsibilities and progress onlearning related to the course objectives. These memos are peer-reviewed and peer ranked aspart of the process for evaluating course objective completion.The ProjectsAs the course design evolved from instruction centric to learning centric, the university’sVolunteer and Service-Learning Center was invited to

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keilin Jahnke, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Joe Bradley, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)

once a week throughout a 16-weeksemester. Lectures were structured to promote active-learning through brief warm-ups, frequentdiscussions, and in-class activities that promoted small group collaboration. The instructorspromoted an inclusive, safe environment in which students could share with peers their thoughtsand trepidations about their professional careers. This was done through write-pair-sharediscussions and activities, personal examples of professional successes and failures shared by theinstructional team, and allotted time for questions and comments.Guest speakers who were experts in specific areas were utilized for multiple class sessions,including: the lectures in understanding personal values (faculty member in education) and

Conference Session

Preparing for Practice

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel M. Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; James Edwin Cawthorne Jr., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Corey T Schimpf, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Rubrics that will be used to judge the quality of the presentations by guest speakers as well as students and to guide the reflections written on guest speakers and student presentations to help students learn to identify and judge entrepreneurial competencies. 4. A description and guidelines for playing and for writing reflections for the individual student online business game-which were transferred from the prior course. 5. A description and guidelines for participating as a team in the’$5.00 create a business game’ which is intended to help students integrate the content of the entire Principles course as well as focus on achieving the enduring understandings

Conference Session

Classes in Entrepreneurship

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel M. Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; James Edwin Cawthorne Jr., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

judge entrepreneurial competencies. 4. A description and guidelines for playing and for writing reflections for the individual student online business game-which were transferred from the prior course. 5. A description and guidelines for participating as a team in the’$5.00 create a business game’ which is intended to help students integrate the content of the entire Principles course as well as focus on achieving the enduring understandings identified for the new Principles. The $5.00 game was transferred from the prior course without significant changes. From a sample of 100 students at a private midwest university, the student mix in thepredecessor

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Mayra S. Artiles , Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Engineering Education, 2021 Minority Student Experiences in Engineering Graduate Programs: Socialization and Impact on Career TrajectoriesAbstractThis paper examines the academic and social interactions during graduate engineering programenrollment among racially underrepresented doctoral and master’s students and how thoseinteractions shape their career goals. Using socialization theory, this study explored dailyinteractions of students with faculty and peers, overall perceptions of fit, knowledge about thegraduate school process, and opportunities for mentoring provided in the institution as well asthrough outside engagement during industry internships. The findings presented in this paperbuild upon an earlier study conducted

Conference Session

Computer Education Management Tools II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Bowman, Clemson University; Elizabeth Stephan, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

limitations. Additionally, becausethese students are unfamiliar with course guidelines, procedures, and each other, straightforwardcommunication tools are vital to their success. A web-based system, GEO (General EngineeringOnline), was developed using PHP1 (a programming language used to dynamically generate webpages) and MySQL2 (a relational database management system). The system allows pre-registration for required out-of-class activities (department tours, advisor appointments, and teamproject work sessions). It also provides a portal for communication between students, instructorsand advisors (peer evaluations, surveys, email confirmations of appointments, and student/teammanagement). This study examines the capabilities of the GEO system from

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexis Rae Walsh, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Emily Diehl, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Courtney June Faber, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Tagged Divisions

Student

thatthey worked with, they were taken to a question which asked themto describe how they worked with that student. Next, students wereasked if and how they used teaching assistants and courseinstructors as resources. Students were then asked to select whichresources they used from a multiple-selection list with an “other”option that allowed students to write in a response. Options Figure 1: Basic Peer Network showing connections between students created using data from survey Version 1.were created by the researchers based upon their perception ofavailable resources for the course. The concluding questionasked students to rate the difficulty of the homework

Conference Session

Faculty Development Lessons Learned Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angelica Burbano, Universidad Icesi; Gonzalo V. Ulloa, Universidad Icesi; Juliana Jaramillo JJO, Universidad Icesi; Norha M. Villegas, Universidad Icesi; Lina M. Quintero, Universidad Icesi; Alvaro Pachon, Icesi University

Tagged Topics

Faculty Development Constituency Committee

the portfolio has two parts, the collectedevidence and the reflective memorandum. For them, the reflective memorandum is the mostimportant component of the portfolio and they would like to use it as a reflection tool, howeverthe current document format does not invite such reflection. The current form requests too manydetails about the course and does not provide a space where the faculty member can write in heror his own words. Faculty members would like to share their findings with their peers afterfinishing a course, and would like the opportunity to also hear about the experiences of others,and further to be able to reflect on and learn from it.The final report will be discussed by the school administrators, and each Department Head

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Riley Sevan Harding, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis; Patricia Fox, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis; Charles McIntyre, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis; Terri L. Talbert-Hatch, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

in, what major to pursue, and on it goes. Probably the mostcritical aspect of their consternation is to decide on a specific area of study, i.e., career decision.Arguably, most students want to be surrounded by peers who share the same passions andinterests. Many universities and colleges offer programs that provide these kinds of opportunitiesby hosting STEM living learning communities that offer resources that would not be available inother living environments either on, or off campus.Living learning communities provide an opportunity for students to build strong relationshipsinside and outside of the classroom and promotes higher academic performance which results ingreater student success.11 By taking some of the same courses together

Conference Session

Research on Design Learning

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farshid Marbouti, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

). Page 26.1430.4 Table 1 – Coding scheme description and examples.Domain Category Description Example Refers to writing or presentation of the design “There are grammatical error[s] Communication work. throughout the paper.” Explicitly refers to one of the design concepts Design Concepts taught in class by using terminology taught in “The goal could [be] more specific.” class.Substance Refers

Conference Session

Focus on Undergraduate Impact

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Gul Okudan Kremer

CourseED&G 100 course was originally a skill development course with over half the course dedicatedto manual graphics instruction and about 25% dedicated to laboratory skills such as instrumentuse, experimental data acquisition and analysis, and report writing. During the 1980s graph icsinstruction was reduced to make room for computer literacy: introductory programming andexposure to the early CAD software. In 1990, programming was dropped; and in 1991, the firstsolid modeling software, Silver Screen, was adopted and used until 1998, when IronCAD wasintroduced. Also in 1991, with NSF funding, a design project was introduced. The designcurriculum has slowly taken over the course and the name was changed form “EngineeringGraphics and

Conference Session

Student Development and Assessment in IE Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terri M. Lynch-Caris, Kettering University; Jonathan Weaver, University of Detroit Mercy; Darrell K. Kleinke, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

the importance of developing their professional identity by integrating classroomresources and experiences with work/life applications. In addition, learning is enhanced throughthe preparation of a professional presentation. Critical thinking is encouraged through theassessment of peer presentations. The authors believe that students need to be strong not just atsolving well defined technical problems, but should be able to identify problems worth solving,be able to generate a wide array of possible alternatives to a given design problem, andunderstand the commercialization considerations associated with a given design alternative.The prototype Biomimicry Innovation Tool (BIT) described herein is an attempt to integratethese other aspects

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles M Schweik, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Paula Rees, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Steven D Brewer, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Christine Olson; Dan Smoliga

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

example of an idea for anew function in an existing open-source software, or, as we mentioned above, the idea ofa new article that needs writing in Wikipedia as classic examples of the conception. Thedevelopment of that new software feature or the actual writing of that new article mightthen be done by the person who proposed the idea; or it could be implemented by someother individual.    The second peer production characteristic, “the harnessing of diverse motivations,”suggests that while some participants are motivated by pay, there are many others whoparticipate for other non-monetary reasons, such as user-centered need,4 enjoyment or“serious leisure”,5 the intrinsic desire to learn, and/or support for “freedom philosophies”that underlie

Conference Session

FPD6 -- Early Intervention & Retention Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Light, University of Washington; Laura Girardeau, Washington State University; Jennifer Beller, Washington State University; Greg Crouch, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

, organizationalcontexts, and design limitations.Literature Review A variety of methods for evaluating learning communities have been proposed by Moore2Tinto, Love, & Russo,3 and Wilkie.4 Moore used Perry’s5 theory of intellectual development as a basis for measuring theeffects of learning communities. A survey instrument, the Measure of Intellectual Development(MID) which is a survey instrument and an essay-writing test derived from Perry’s work, wasused to determine impacts from the learning community. The MID was given to learningcommunity participants and also to peers who were scored on a 1 to 5 point scale. LLCparticipants showed more developmental gains than their non-participating counterparts. Love, Tinto, & Russo3 approached

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session II

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elise Deitrick, Codio; Joshua Ball, Codio; Megan McHugh, Codio

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division (SWED)

Activity Creation 2 review Peer assessment or review 121 Blended Learning Flipped classroom 89 Flipped ClassroomThe five tool types are directly from Section 21.5 of The Cambridge Handbook of ComputingEducation Research [22]. The tool types are (1) tools that support writing code, (2) games thatteach programming, (3) assessment and feedback tools, (4) code visualizers/simulators, and (5)E-Books.Re-examining motivations and challengesThe survey has been created by the research team but attempted to directly build and possiblyrecreate the findings of Hovey et al. [4]. The options, specifically for benefits and challengesquestions, come

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan McGaughey, Carnegie Mellon University; Jeremy Michalek, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

; ‚ layered, linked, accessible, and reusable course notes; ‚ the ability to monitor student progress in real time; ‚ support for scheduling and team formation; and ‚ support for course co-development. Page 13.1402.13Student interaction benefits include ‚ increased peer to peer interaction; ‚ increased student-instructor interaction; ‚ accessibility of all work in the public domain; ‚ full historical records of individual contributions to group assignments; ‚ support for collaborative writing; ‚ mechanisms to control accuracy; and ‚ growth and reuse of information over time, across courses, and across

Conference Session

The Evolving Classroom

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Riley P.E., Oregon Institute of Technology; Sharon L. Beaudry, Oregon Institute of Technology; Aja Bettencourt-McCarthy, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

structural practices translate wellto the institutional level and lay the groundwork for a sustainable teaching certificate program,an institutional teaching model, and formalized faculty teaching assessment and peer observationprograms. This paper will describe and document the successes and challenges of theinstitutional workshop as well as the modifications made from the ExCEEd materials and format.IntroductionTwo years ago, the Commission on College Teaching (CCT) at the Oregon Institute ofTechnology was considering developing a teaching certificate program to support facultyprofessional development and high quality instruction. While many of the commission membershad participated in teaching certificate programs at other institutions, the

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Eduaction - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Miskimins, Colorado School of Mines; Ramona Graves, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Skills in MultidisciplinaryTeams, ” (paper presented at the ASEE Annual Conference and Exhibition, St. Louis, Missouri, June 18-21, 2000).7. Robert S. Thompson, “Reliability, Validity, and Bias in Peer Evaluations of Self-Directed Interdependent WorkTeams” (paper presented at the ASEE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Albuquerque, New Mexico,June 24-27, 2001).8. Jennifer L. Miskimins, “Peer Learning: Observation of the Cluster Effect in Multidisciplinary Team Settings,”(paper presented at the ASEE Annual Conference and Exhibition, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 16-19, 2002).9. Kirk H. Schulz and Douglas K. Ludlow, “Incorporating Group Writing Instruction in Engineering Courses,”Journal of Engineering Education, July 1996

Conference Session

Technology, Communication, & Ethics

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Sageev Pneena; Kathy Bernard; Carol Romanowski

formulating questions.• Incorporate instruction in current and emerging technologies and interpersonal interactions (writing effective e-mail; designing and maintaining web pages; holding team meetings; conducting meetings; working in interdisciplinary teams).Many respondents suggested replacing what they (and many engineering professors) call “creativewriting” requirements such as English 101 or 201 with a technically oriented course that coversthe TC basics of writing, speaking, reading, listening, and evaluating technical subject matterintended for a variety of audiences. They also suggested we extend our instruction options toinclude “refresher modules or workshops” for practicing engineers who need to improve their TCskills.While some