Asee peer logo
Displaying results 12271 - 12300 of 13294 in total
Conference Session
Redefining Manufacturing Education Practices
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Allen White, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jay McCormack, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
toimprove student self-efficacy [3], reduce stereotype threat [3], and even improvecreativity [4]. With these considerations in mind, role-playing simulations wereutilized as part of a four week exercise in a quarter-long design for manufacturingcourse.Feeling immersed in the role they play in a simulation is critical because “Role-playingis immersion to an outside consciousness (‘a character’) and interacting with itssurroundings” [5]. Comfort in operating as an engineer, the students “character,” inthe simulated company environment of the simulation requires some confidence as totheir goals and approach. This is achieved via collaboratively developing designconstraints that represent their character’s, and their group’s, viewpoints within
Conference Session
Construction Session 4: Outside of the Construction Curriculum
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Dylan John, Georgia Southern University; Marcel Maghiar, Georgia Southern University; Clint D. Martin, Georgia Southern University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Construction
Paper ID #15902A Case for International Study in Construction Education and Industry Prac-ticeMr. David Dylan John, Georgia Southern University A graduating Senior Construction Management Student at Georgia Southern University, Dylan John is an active student leader within multiple student organizations. His research interests include Building Information Modelling (BIM), Sustainable Construction, Productivity and Efficiency in the Construction Industry. He is mentored by Dr.Marcel Maghiar and Dr.Clint Martin of the Department of Civil Engineer- ing and Construction Management at Georgia Southern UniversityDr. Marcel
Conference Session
CPDD Session 2 - Professional Development - Where Are We Going?
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Mitchell L. Springer PMP, SPHR, SHRM-SCP, Purdue Polytechnic Institute; Kathryne Newton, Purdue Polytechnic Institute
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Continuing Professional Development
Paper ID #28313Gen Y (Millennial) and Gen Z Cultural Cohort Demographics: Social,Political and Economic Perspectives and ImplicationsDr. Mitchell L Springer PMP, SPHR, SHRM-SCP, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (Collegeof Engineering) Dr. Mitchell L. Springer PMP, SPHR, SHRM-SCP Dr. Springer currently serves as an Executive Director for Purdue University’s Polytechnic Institute lo- cated in West Lafayette, Indiana. He has over thirty-five years of theoretical and defense industry-based practical experience from four disciplines: software engineering, systems engineering, program manage- ment and human
Conference Session
Fostering and Assessing Effective Teaming
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Diane Zemke, Gonzaga University; Steven Zemke, Gonzaga University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
AC 2008-335: IDENTIFYING ROLES AND BEHAVIORS OF INFORMALLEADERS ON STUDENT DESIGN TEAMSDiane Zemke, Gonzaga University Diane Zemke is a PhD candidate at Gonzaga University in Leadership Studies. Her interests include small group dynamics, reflective practices, learning, and qualitative methods. She has co-authored papers on use of small teams in design engineering.Steven Zemke, Gonzaga University Steven Zemke is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Gonzaga University. His primary responsibilities are Design courses and assessment. His research interests include effective learning environments and design teaching and learning. Prior to teaching he was a design engineer and
Conference Session
Best Zone Paper Competition
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rebecca A Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Andrew Petersen, University of Toronto Mississauga
Tagged Topics
Council of Sections
is an example of fast-feedback technology. (Koretsky, M. Web-based Interactive Science and Engineering Learning Tool. https://secure.engr.oregonstate.edu/che/WISE/. )about the teaching of the content, with even more weight because the results have been filteredthrough both individual minds and group consideration. When the teacher discusses the exam,the concepts missed after the group exam can be the focus, thus reducing faculty review time.3.3 BenefitsOne model of active learning separates "doing" from "observing" and differentiates betweendialog "with self" and "with others".8 Group tests contain room for both types of dialog. First, thesolo test forces to the student to hold a dialog with self, with the instructor as audience. Next
Conference Session
Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Richey, The Boeing Company; Timothy Kieran O'Mahony, University of Washington; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Fabian Zender, The Boeing Company; Barry McPherson, Boeing
Tagged Divisions
Continuing Professional Development
Paper ID #11291Revert to Default: Insights on Transfer of Expertise in a Complex Competi-tive WorkplaceDr. Michael Richey, The Boeing Company Michael Richey is an Associate Technical Fellow currently assigned to support workforce development and engineering education research. Michael is responsible for leading learning science research, which focuses on learning ecologies, complex adaptive social systems and learning curves. Michael pursues this research agenda with the goal of understanding the interplay between innovation, knowledge trans- fer and economies of scale as they are manifested in questions of growth
Conference Session
Computers in Education Division Technical Session 5: Online Teaching and Learning
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Alisa Gilmore P.E., University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Tareq Daher, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Markeya S. Peteranetz, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
Paper ID #28847A Multi-Year Case Study in Blended Design: Student Experiences in aBlended, Synchronous, Distance Controls CourseProf. Alisa Gilmore P.E., University of Nebraska, Lincoln Alisa N. Gilmore is an Associate Professor of Practice in the department of Electrical and Computer En- gineering at the University of Nebraska – Lincoln. Her expertise is in teaching and developing courses in robotics, telecommunications, circuits and control systems. She serves as the chair of the Continuous Improvement of Teaching and Learning committee in the College of Engineering, and assessment coor- dinator for the ECE department
Conference Session
Community Engagement Division Technical Session 5
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Glen Hordemann, Texas A&M University; Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Sharon Lynn Chu, University of Florida; Mathew Kuttolamadom, Texas A&M University; Francis Quek, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Osazuwa John Okundaye Jr, Texas A&M University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Community Engagement Division
management projects. She works extensively with food banks and food pantries on supply chain management and logistics focused initiatives. Her graduate and undergraduate students are integral part of her service-learning based logistics classes. She teaches courses in strategic relationships among industrial distributors and distribution logistics. Her recent research focuses on engineering education and learning sciences with a focus on how to engage students better to prepare their minds for the future. Her other research interests include empirical studies to assess impact of good supply chain practices such as coordinated decision making in stochastic supply chains, handling supply chains during times of crisis and
Conference Session
Course Transformation in ECE
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Rabih Younes, Duke University; Cecilé Sadler, Duke University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
Paper ID #31303Simple Steps to Lower Student Stress in a Digital Systems Course WhileMaintaining High Standards and ExpectationsDr. Rabih Younes, Duke University Rabih Younes is an Assistant Professor of the Practice in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University. He received his PhD in Computer Engineering from Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA after having received his BE and MSE in Computer Engineering from the Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon. Rabih speaks nine languages (fluent in three) and holds a number of certificates in education, networking, IT, and skydiving. He is a member
Conference Session
Tricks of the Trade
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joi-lynn Mondisa, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Junaid A. Siddiqui, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mel Chua, Purdue University; Linda Vanasupa, California Polytechnic State University; Roberta J Herter, California Polytechnic State University; Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Student
Paper ID #7044Lessons Learned from Others’ Stories: How Changemakers’ Stories ChangedUsMs. Joi-Lynn Mondisa, Purdue University, West Lafayette Joi-Lynn Mondisa is a doctoral student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University, West Lafayette. Her research interests focus on examining how mentoring intervention programs promote the success of undergraduates in STEM majors and how mentoring can increase the retention rates of underrepresented populations in STEM programs.Mr. Junaid A. Siddiqui, Purdue University, West Lafayette Junaid A. Siddiqui is a doctoral candidate at the School of Engineering
Conference Session
Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 9
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jennifer Ackerman, Texas A&M University; América Soto-Arzat, Texas A&M University; Christine A Stanley, Texas A&M University; Reuben A Buford May, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity
Paper ID #37423Intersectionality Between Race and Gender in LSAMP-NSF STEM ProgramMentorshipMs. Jennifer Ackerman, Texas A&M University I am a third year PhD student at Texas A&M University in College Station, and am a first-generation, queer, female student from New York. I am in the higher education administration program and my research interests include engineering education for underrepresented students, especially women in the field. I am interested in how their mental health is affected by being an outsider in and out of the classroom.Am´ rica Soto-Arzat, Texas A&M University e The second author is
Conference Session
New Teaching Methods in Mechanics
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel Takashi Kawano, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Benson H. Tongue, University of California, Berkeley
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
Paper ID #8402Video-based Online Learning: The Other Side of the Looking GlassDr. Daniel Takashi Kawano, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Daniel Kawano is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technol- ogy. He received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. He obtained his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering, with a focus in dynamical systems, from the University of California, Berkeley.Dr. Benson H. Tongue, University of California, Berkeley GA Tech 1983-1988, UC Berkeley 1988-present. Author of
Conference Session
Faculty Development: Round Table Discussions
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christopher A. F. Hass, Rutgers University, New Brunswick; Philip Reid Brown, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Mary Elizabeth Emenike, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Charles Ruggieri, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Corey Ptak, Columbia University in the City of New York; Stacey Blackwell, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Gabriel Lopez Zenarosa, Stony Brook University
Tagged Divisions
Faculty Development Division (FDD)
support faculty career development and education research.Dr. Philip Reid Brown, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Philip Brown is an Associate Teaching Professor in Undergraduate Education at Rutgers School of Engineering. He has a PhD in Engineering Education from Virginia Tech. He teaches, coordinates and develops curricula focused on engineering design, computer programming and data literacy. He also co-coordinates faculty development and peer-support groups based on pedagogical development and peer teaching observations. His research interests include student and faculty motivation, computer programming pedagogy, and faculty pedagogical development.Mary Elizabeth Emenike, Rutgers, The State University of
Conference Session
COED: Online and Remote Learning
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James Edward Toney, The Ohio State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education Division (COED)
Paper ID #36975Application of Mastery Learning in an Online MATLAB Programming CourseDr. James Edward Toney, The Ohio State University James Toney earned the Ph.D. in applied physics from Carnegie Mellon University in 1998 and the B.S. in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1984. He is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Engineering Education at Ohio State, where his focus is on curriculum development for teaching computer programming, primarily in MATLAB. He has previously held R&D positions at Bat- telle, Penn State Electro-Optics Center, and SRICO, Inc., where he worked on modeling
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Amy Fritz, Stanford University; Mark Horowitz, Stanford University; Atindra Jha, Stanford University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
Paper ID #33334Online, Interactive Tool for Studying How Students Troubleshoot CircuitsAmy Fritz, Stanford University Amy Fritz is an electrical engineering PhD student at Stanford University who works with Professor Mark Horowitz in the department of electrical engineering on education research.Prof. Mark Horowitz, Stanford University Mark Horowitz is the Yahoo! Founders Professor at Stanford University and was chair of the Electrical Engineering Department from 2008 to 2012. He co-founded Rambus, Inc. in 1990 and is a fellow of the IEEE and the ACM and a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the American
Collection
2018 ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Spring Conference
Authors
Jeffrey L. Schwartz P.E., Queensborough Community College
Tagged Topics
Diversity
ancient method of Egyptian fractionscan be used for this purpose when teaching parallel resistors, whether a professor has a totalresistance or a particular resistor in mind, or whether they want to use standard manufacturers’values.KeywordsAlgebra, Electrical Engineering Education, IEC Standards, Mathematical Analysis, ResistorsIntroductionWhen teaching introductory electronics courses, I try to use examples with integer solutions inorder to give students a better sense of the quantities involved in the circuits. This is similar to“when a teacher is first introducing students to the Pythagorean Theorem, she usually likes to giveexamples that have easy numbers, ones that don’t get too ‘messy’ in their calculations.”1 Whenteaching the Pythagorean
Collection
2021 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Meeting
Authors
Andrew Grossfield Ph. D, Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology
the common singularities and computational problems of the common functionsand curves of calculus. Discontinuities like those possessed by the Dirichlet function, were notincluded but should be delayed, if needed, for future study.By the end of the 18th century mathematicians, led by Leonhard Euler and Daniel Bernoulli, hadcrystallized the calculus currently taught to engineers and physicists. The engineers andphysicists of the 18th century would not have been perturbed by the previous examples. At thebeginning of the 19th century, starting with Fourier, cracks were discovered in themathematicians’ logical system. The finest 19th century mathematical minds explored all thecontradictions and combinations in the real number system culminating
Collection
1996 Annual Conference
Authors
Scott A. Stefanov; Pamela J. Neal; George W. P. York; Daniel J. Pack
todesign a robot, with a human like navigational “intelligence,” which maneuvers within a maze to reach adesignated target position. To do so, the robot must contain both a high-level reasoning module and a low-level motion control module. In addition, both modules must work together cooperatively to execute thedesired task. Construction of the two modules requires software development as well as a complete systemdesign using mechanical parts, circuits, and a microprocessor. For a successful end product, each team,consisting of two students, must give careful consideration to the various design trade-offs. As a result of theproject, each student will gain engineering confidence and develop critical and analytical thinking skills.I. INTRODUCTION
Collection
1996 Annual Conference
Authors
James D. Jones; Dianna Brickner
Session 2230 . — - .- IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN A LARGE-ENROLLMENT BASIC MECHANICS COURSE —. . ..- James D. Jones School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University and Dianna Brickner Independent Instructional Designer ABSTRACT The primary objective of this investigation was to
Conference Session
Enhancing Instruction in Statics, Dynamics, Mechanics
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amir H. Danesh-Yazdi, Pennsylvania State University, Erie, Behrend College
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
momentsacting on a body isolated from the rest of system is a key step in solving virtually any solidmechanics problem. It is for this reason that one of the first major courses for any mechanical orcivil engineering student is Statics (or its equivalent), which is almost entirely based around theconcept of the FBD. The FBD can be a rather challenging concept to teach, especially tofreshmen and sophomore undergraduate students who may not have yet developed a physics andengineering perspective in their approach to solving problems. With this in mind, theexploded-view approach, which is a simple and intuitive way to teach the concept of the FBD forvirtually any mechanical system, is explored in this paper.MotivationThe exploded-view approach to free
Conference Session
Getting Into Graduate School
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies, Student
Paper ID #19005Choosing Between Graduate Program Offers: A Practical GuideDr. Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University Katy Luchini-Colbry is the Director for Graduate Initiatives at the College of Engineering at Michigan State University, where she completed degrees in political theory and computer science. A recipient of a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, she earned Ph.D. and M.S.E. in computer science and engi- neering from the University of Michigan. She has published more than two dozen peer-reviewed works related to her interests in educational technology and enhancing undergraduate education through hands
Conference Session
Connecting Theory and Practice in a Change Project - And What I Wish I Knew Before I Started
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jill K. Nelson, George Mason University; Margret Hjalmarson, George Mason University
Tagged Divisions
Faculty Development Constituent Committee
Paper ID #26101Insights into the Nature of Change and Sustainability in an Ongoing FacultyDevelopment EffortProf. Jill K. Nelson, George Mason University Jill Nelson is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at George Mason University. She earned a BS in Electrical Engineering and a BA in Economics from Rice Uni- versity in 1998. She attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for graduate study, earning an MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering in 2001 and 2005, respectively. Dr. Nelson’s research focus is in statistical signal processing, specifically detection and
Conference Session
Poster Session
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kenie R. Moses, Educational Technology Research & Assessment
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
/2013/05/06/why-america-desperately-needs-more-scientists-engineers/[2] A. Belasco, “College Advice for the Career-Minded: So, you want to be an engineer?,” (2015),College Transitions. [Online]. Available https://www.collegetransitions.com/blog/so-you-want-to-be-an-engineer/[3] A. Murata and Y. Ohta, “Metacognition in Solving Process of Basic Electric Circuit Problem-Comparison of Metacognitive Characteristics between Non-major and Major Students inElectric Engineering,” Computer Technology and Application, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 415-424, Aug. 2013.[4] M. J. Larkin, “Providing support for student independence through scaffolded instruction,” TeachingExceptional Children, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 30–34, 2001.[5] R. Feyzi-Behnagh, R. Azevedo, E. Legowski
Collection
2018 St.Lawrence Section Meeting
Authors
Mohamed Alshaer; Paul Cotae
ASEE St. Lawrence Section Conference, 2018 Cornell University April 20-21, 2018ON IDENTIFYING THE CRITICAL NODES AND VULNERABLE EDGES FOR INCREASING NETWORK SECURITY Mohamed Alshaer Paul Cotae University of the District of Columbia University of the District of Columbia School of Engineering and Applied School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Sciences Department of Electrical and Computer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EngineeringAbstractThe recent increase in
Conference Session
Teaching with Technology in Dynamics and Mechanics of Materials
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Honghui Yu, The City College of New York; Feridun Delale, The City College of New York
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
2006-1652: INTRODUCTION OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN MECHANICSOF MATERIALSHonghui Yu, The City College of New YorkFeridun Delale, The City College of New York Page 11.839.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Introduction of Emerging Technologies in Mechanics of Materials Abstract Though technologies have advanced dramatically in the last century and Mechanicsof Materials(MoM) has found more applications in many new technologies, the MoMcurriculum has been fixed for decades. This paper presents our efforts in keeping MOMcurriculum current with the times by incorporating examples from emerging technologiesand everyday
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bahar Memarian, University of Toronto; Ashish Amresh, Northern Arizona University; Jeffrey Hovermill, Northern Arizona University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
Paper ID #41809Board 335: Native American Teachers’ Pre-post Participation Experiences inOnline Coding Curriculum and Professional LearningDr. Bahar Memarian, University of Toronto Bahar Memarian is a researcher, educator, and analyst with research interests in the areas of Engineering Education, Education, and Human Factors Engineering. She is currently a post-doctoral fellow and holds a Ph.D. degree in Industrial Engineering (Human Factors and Cognitive Engineering Stream) and the Collaborative Specialization in Engineering Education at the University of TorontoProf. Ashish Amresh, Northern Arizona University Ashish
Collection
2003 ASEE North Midwest Section Conference
Authors
B. L. Steward; T. J. Brumm; S. K. Mickelson
Understanding patterns in student learning styles to guide curriculum innovation B.L. Steward, T. J. Brumm, S. K. Mickelson Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University ABSTRACTStudent learning styles effect how students learn. If there is a mismatch between moststudents’ learning styles in a class and the teaching style of the instructor, student learning canbe compromised. Learning styles of the students of two curriculums in the Agricultural andBiosystems Engineering Department (ABE) at Iowa State University, Agricultural Engineering(AE) and Agricultural Systems Technology (AST), were measured in
Conference Session
Computational Tools and Simulation II
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard Stanley, Kettering University; Timothy Cameron, Kettering University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
AC 2010-2124: UTILIZING INTERACTIVE WEB BASED DYNAMICSANIMATION SOFTWARE IN ORDER TO OBTAIN GRAPHS OF PARAMETRICSTUDIESRichard Stanley, Kettering University Dr. Richard Stanley has been a faculty member of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Kettering University (Flint, MI) since July of 1999, where he holds the rank of Associate Professor. He earned his BSME from The University of Michigan in 1990, his MSME from Wayne State University in 1996, and his Ph.D. from Wayne State University in 1998. His primary interest is to develop web-based internet animation software, which can be used to enhance the engineering student’s understanding of mechanics principles. He is also the karate and
Conference Session
Effective Projects and Experiments in Instrumentation and Control
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohamad A. Mustafa, Savannah State University; Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Jeff Kesling
Tagged Divisions
Instrumentation
AC 2011-1376: SMART RODMohamad A. Mustafa, Savannah State University Mohamad Mustafa is a Professor of Civil Engineering Technology at Savannah State University (SSU). He has six years of industrial experience prior to teaching at SSU. He received his BS, MS, and PhD in Civil Engineering from Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. Research Interest is: Sensors Applications in Civil Engineering.Asad Yousuf, Savannah State UniversityJeff Kesling Page 22.1302.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 SMART RODAbstractThe application
Conference Session
Incorporating Innovative Technologies into the Curriculum
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wayne P. Hung, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
AC 2011-1492: CLICKER CLICKS ITWayne P Hung, Texas A&M University Dr. Hung is an Associate Professor at Texas A&M University and has a joint appointment with Depart- ment of Engineering Technology & Industrial Distribution and Department of Mechanical Engineering. He is an active member of ASEE, SME, HTEC and enjoys teaching and researching in the field of ad- vanced materials, micro manufacturing, and medical manufacturing. Page 22.330.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Clicker Clicks It!AbstractManufacturing requires