Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Teddy Ivanitzki; Ashok Agrawal

enhance the working relationship betweenthe Postdoc Fellow and their host company to ensure specific goals and plans were met by allparties, ii) All reports included the Fellow’s improvements made while working with the hostcompany as well as a detailed description of how the host company was actively working tofurther the postdoc’s professional development within industry.Increasing Participation with Interdisciplinary ExpertiseInterdisciplinary expertise was one of the significant factors in finding appropriate candidates forhigh-tech startup companies. An extensive amount of time was spent finding appropriatecandidates with outstanding credentials to advance the project goal of increasing the participationof underserved populations. Some of

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Gary Mullett; Lara Sharp

very active in the ASEE serving on its EngineeringTechnology Council and on the planning team for the Engineering Technology Leadership Institute. Proceedings of the 2024 Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration Copyright ©2024, American Society for Engineering Education

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

H. Bryan Riley

paramount and thus the results do not satisfy the right-hand-sides asa standard requirement, ChatGPT results can be very confusing to the novice student who isattempting to learn to solve simultaneous equations for the first time. To further explore thestudents’ reception and awareness of ChatGPT, we designed a survey using Qualtrics. Thesurvey was administered to approximately 32 first-year STEM students and the questions areprovided in appendix B. In this plan of study, students will subsequently migrate to differentmajors such as mechanical, nuclear, electrical, industrial, and manufacturing technologyprograms having the knowledge and confidence to solve simultaneous equations. Proceedings of the 2024 Conference for

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Sarah (Yin Yin) Tan; Song-Lin Yang; David Labyak

service, mental service, community building activities, and honorsprograms, to enhance student academic performance and mental well-being. More conclusiveinsights will require time as our program expands and engages more scholars. As for futurestudy, we plan to delve into the transition of our students into the workforce and their subsequentcareer outcomes and make a comparison with those following traditional engineering transferpathways.1. IntroductionSuccess in academics and career is shaped by a multitude of factors, among which students’perceptions of their preparedness for school and their expectations play significant roles [1], [2].Previous research has indicated that transfer students in the S-STEM Engineering TechnologyScholars (ETS

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Alexander Wyglinski

components, a unique and transformative graduateexperience for industry practitioners seeking to pursue a PhD degree should be feasible.Based on the author’s experiences with respect to the development and implementation of theWPI Experiential PhD framework, which started in July 2021, the following steps should betaken when planning to implement an Experiential PhD framework at their academic institutionwith the caveat that all universities possess their differences and several of these steps may needsome level of adaptation:Step 1 – Identify/Communicating With All Internal Administrative StakeholdersA university is not operated by one single monolithic administration but rather by numerousbusiness units with very focused mandates. It is important

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Mahdi Yazdanpour; Leslie Ferrao; Biplov Ale

, including healthcare, manufacturing,autonomous vehicles, and home automation, where human-robot collaboration plays a crucialrole in enhancing efficiency and productivity. While our previous work primarily focused onindoor path planning for humanoid robots [2], [3], this paper explores the intersection of AI withrobotics to address smart industrial automation and its transformative impact on modern Proceedings of the 2024 Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration Copyright ©2024, American Society for Engineering Education ETD 445manufacturing practices in the context of Industry 4.0. Our area of research focuses

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Mohamed Zeidan; Ahmad Fayed; Mehmet Bahadir

chemistry may have difficulty understanding and following standards that specify material requirements for corrosion resistance.4. Approaches and MethodsIn this paper, the authors are proposing a variety of approaches to address the challenges ofteaching engineering standards to students. These ideas were generated based on discussionswith educators, industry partners and alumni. Few of these approached were partially applied inengineering technology classes at Southeastern Louisiana University. Some of these approachesare planned to be introduced for future classes and programs. The approaches suggested here canbe implemented over a sequence of courses or within a single course. These methods should alsobe adjusted to fit the students’ level

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt M. Degoede, Elizabethtown College; Brenda Read-Daily, Elizabethtown College; Rachel Koh, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)

analyzing theirfailures and how they respond to those failures. We will explore expanding the Failure Mindsetsurvey to incorporate existing surveys designed to assess risk tolerance, and survey allparticipants at the start and end of each semester. We plan to collect data on the first open-endedquestion at the start of the semester and develop a coding system to systematically score thesequalitative responses.References[1] Psychology today staff, “Growth mindset.” Available at https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/growth-mindset (Accessed Aug 14, 2023).[2] KEEN, “The KEEN framework - providing learning outcomes for students.” Available at https://engineeringunleashed.com/framework (Accessed Aug 14, 2023).[3] KEEN, “Entrepreneurial mindset

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 3 - Diversity

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa I. Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

project so far, and the plan for the next week. Reportsare sent to all faculty mentors at least 1 hour before the meeting. At the meeting, one representativeof each project gives a short verbal report addressing problems, breakthroughs, and the state of theproject. The faculty found this format to be successful because students get to know all the programfaculty since they are all engaged with all program projects. In addition, the same format is adheredto in the Senior Design Project course. Furthermore, all student participants are required to presentposters and PowerPoint presentations at university-wide STEM research symposia that areorganized every semester.Project History The eVTOL UAV project theme started in 2014 when a student

Conference Session

Advancements in Sustainable Manufacturing Practices

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hayder Zghair, Southern Arkansas University; Noah Wesley Bretz, Southern Arkansas University; Jeffrey Sumner, Southern Arkansas University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

up when done on an industrial scale. For me, this highlighted a need to consider sustainability and emissions in all designs and solutions that I create. In addition, I am planning to begin my master's degree in mechanical engineering in the fall, and having experience in conducting research will benefit me greatly as I enter a research-oriented graduate program.”As an educator evaluating student learning outcomes, nothing more than seeing how students feel confidentabout their knowledge and excited to put their skills and tools to use at the first possible opportunity isreflecting that we are contributing to workforce excellence in the 21st century.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, manufacturing engineering and

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andres Gabriel Gomez, University of Florida; Catia S. Silva, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

) coordinates, along with a presence value. Allfeatures scaled to the [0,1] range, resulting in a total of 91 normalized affect features. To enablereal-time prediction of user-specific performance, the system undergoes initial tuning. Duringinitial interactions, sequences of affect features and corresponding scores are collected. If theseinteractions take the form of lessons, the student's video is segmented into sequences,delineated by in-lesson assessments. Affect sequences and scores are used to tune theperformance predictor, and we plan to both train and test Transformers, Recurrent NeuralNetworks (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models. After adequate tuning, theperformance predictor becomes operational in subsequent sessions. Consequently

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin E Wandke, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Christopher D. Schmitz, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Jonathon Kenneth Schuh, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Yang Victoria Shao, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

encouragestudents to discuss their predictions of what will happen with their peers, rather than justanswering with iClicker, as this has been shown to further improve student learning [8, 14].Lastly, we plan to reshoot some of these videos utilizing best practices to improve theireffectiveness, such as showing demonstrations from a first-person perspective [14], writing outkey information as the demonstration is given rather than just displaying it [15], and focusing onvisual tabletop demonstrations [16]. We believe that these changes can further improve thequality of demonstration videos to improve the overall educational experience of our students byproviding high quality, exciting demonstrations to them in a course where they previously didnot have

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ruoshi Zhang, University of Louisville; Nathan George, University of Louisville; Dan O Popa, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

Systems and ECE500 Introduction to Advanced Microcontrollers.Nathan George, University of Louisville Nathan George is currently a junior level undergraduate student at the University of Louisville studying computer science. His academic interests include artificial life, automation, real-time simulation, and user experience.Prof. Dan O Popa, University of Louisville Dan Popa has over 30 years of research experience in robotics and automation. He is currently the Director of the Louisville Automation and Robotics Research Institute (LARRI) at UofL and the Head of the Next Generation Research Group (NGS). His early research work included adaptive force control and motion planning for nonholonomic robots. In 1998, he

Conference Session

Breaking barriers, building futures: Narratives of equity and inclusion in STEM education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Funk, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Leilani Marie Pai, Denison University; Johan Benedict Cristobal, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

, “He made a comment about how I would only be successful in thecareer just because I am the diversity quota, and that all the things that [I had accomplished]... isjust because they needed the diversity person.”Beyond facing challenges in interpersonal interactions with peers, participants identified hurdlesrelated to the structural and cultural domains of power. Kalani and Diana struggled to transfercollege credits into the university’s degree plan. Diana felt dismissed by advisors, and struggledto belong in her major. She later found an advisor who supported her success and helped herswitch to a different computing major, Yet, her experiences in computing did not changesignificantly. Rather, Diana expressed the continual pressure to fragment

Conference Session

Innovative Strategies for Enhancing Engineering Education Across Diverse Learning Environments

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lilianny Virgüez, University of Florida; Debarati Basu, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Gloria J. Kim, University of Florida; Sreyoshi Bhaduri, ThatStatsGirl

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

administering a survey at the end of the course. This survey wasadapted from the nanotechnology awareness instrument originally developed by Dyehouse et al[17]. Specifically, we focused on the exposure and motivation scales of this instrument, designedto assess students' levels of exposure to and motivation for learning about nanotechnology. Toalign it with the context of this paper, we substituted the term "nanotechnology" with"semiconductors." The concept of exposure relates to activities that students have activelyundertaken, such as reading about semiconductors while the concept of motivation aims tocapture the types of future studies or work related to semiconductors that students plan to pursue.The rationale to utilize this existing instrument

Conference Session

Strategies and/or Approaches to Engage Students in Agricultural, Biological, or Similarly Named Programs

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maryam Bigonah, Auburn University; Fatemeh Jamshidi, Auburn University; Aparana Pant, Auburn University; Daniela Marghitu, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Division (BAE)

education cansignificantly enrich the learning journey for students by providing immediate assistance,swift access to information, and customized learning materials tailored to their requirements[22]. The utilization of chatbots has been evidenced to enhance students’ engagement,elevate learning outcomes, and streamline administrative processes within educationalinstitutions [23]. The transformative potential of chatbots in educational settingsunderscores the value of integrating this technology to benefit students. Our futureendeavors will focus on harnessing chatbot technology to enhance student engagement andimprove learning outcomes. We plan to collaborate with educators and students to codesignchatbot functionalities that cater to diverse

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 1: Student Experiences and Support

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorna Treffert, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Courtney June Faber, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Isabel Anne Boyd, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Tagged Divisions

Student Division (STDT)

faculty about how the students contributed. In future work, we hope toobserve both the main Team Y meetings and the student project meetings. As we conduct moreobservations, we will look for more instances when the assertion of power-over and the sharingof knowledge with the students helps to bolster the students’ ability to engage in researchactivities. We will also look to see how the student researchers share their unique insights andcontribute to the team’s research efforts. We plan to conduct ethnographic interviews of thestudents and their faculty advisors. These interviews will allow us to capture how the studentsand faculty made meaning out of the expressions of power within their team’s culture. Inparticular, we want to understand how

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Campbell R. Bego, University of Louisville; Tessa Withorn, University of Louisville; Judith Danovitch, University of Louisville; Angela Thompson P.E., University of Louisville; Elisabeth Thomas, University of Louisville; Gabriel Ethan Gatsos, University of Louisville; Alvin Tran, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

) – the perception of negative effects of ChatGPT on an individual level as well as a societal level, e.g., “Using ChatGPT is harmful to people.”The trust and ethics items (fully listed in the results section) were written by the research teamfor this study. Each trust question was framed as an objective judgement, as follows: “What isthe likelihood, on a scale of 1-100 (where 1 is extremely unlikely and 100 is extremely likely),that ChatGPT will return a correct answer to the following prompt?” The ChatGPT prompts werebased on planned applications in the first-year engineering course as well as potentialapplications in the engineering profession. Researchers intentionally selected tasks for whichChatGPT was unlikely to return a

Conference Session

Innovating Inclusivity: Rethinking Access and Empowerment in STEM Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Hug, Colorado Evaluation and Research Consulting; Raena Cota, New Mexico State University; Ruth Constansa Torres Castillo, New Mexico State University; Enrico Pontelli, New Mexico State University; Adan Maximiliano Delval, New Mexico State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

, ournext steps are to develop an action plan that gives voice to counternarratives and brings truthsabout student experiences to the forefront of departmental decision making and climate work. Inthis way, we will create social justice action from the applied research effort we report at ASEE.Some possible mechanisms for creating dialog with faculty in computing at the universityinclude a) sharing current counternarratives with faculty with opportunity for discussion in afaculty meeting, b) proposing communications changes to departmental staff and leadership toclarify opportunities in the CS department, and c) developing student climate survey instrumentsthat relate to concerns demonstrated in counternarratives. We recognize issues of power

Conference Session

Laboratory and Research Skill Development

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Prpich, University of Virginia; Natasha Smith, University of Virginia; Caroline Elizabeth Crockett, University of Virginia; Anukriti Shrestha, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

that did not receive training. We plan to complete future work tocompare cohorts with and without training more rigorously to see if we still observe the impacton troubleshooting ability.Furthermore, during the hands-on exercise students demonstrated use of a variety of differenttroubleshooting strategies, suggesting that the teaching modules had an impact on learning.Additionally, the hands-on exercise revealed information about the students’ level ofunderstanding and comprehension, suggesting its potential as an alternative to written exams forassessing conceptual knowledge and lab proficiency. These findings suggest the efficacy ofstructured training modules in improving students' troubleshooting skills and conceptualunderstanding

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 9: Advanced Mechanical Engineering Topics

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel James Murphy, The University of Iowa; Martell Cartiaire Bell, The University of Iowa; Rachel Vitali, The University of Iowa; Jae-eun Russell

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

work and find classes tobe more useful [3]. ESE is also integral for the entry into engineering programs and thepersistence to continue [4]. EJ is an individual’s capacity to determine and execute tasks that willhave a predicted outcome [5, 6]. When engineers work in the real world, many times projectswill require the engineer to come up with solutions which cannot be found inside of codes ormanuals. When following a structural engineering firm, the engineers were able to analyzebuilding plans and make changes to designs based on previous knowledge [7]. An engineer maybe an expert when using codes and references but cannot be a competent engineer if lacking EJ[8]. During an engineering student’s curriculum, EJ should be developed incrementally

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Umer Farooq, Texas A&M University; Saira Anwar, Texas A and M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

practices (student-focused), student-teacher interaction (teacher-led),student-teacher interaction (student-led), instructional technology, and potential cognitivedemand. For this study, we will consider the first two dimensions of the protocol, which focuseson teaching methods and activities. We plan to observe each class at least four times in thesemester. In addition to TDOP protocol dimensions, we will collect field notes to report anyover-arching incident or activity in the classroom. Observation training is a mandatory requirement for using the TDOP protocol [33]. Thetraining process involves a thorough review and discussion of selected codes. For this purpose,observers will be trained on the protocol using existing recorded accounts of

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Alvarez, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Olga Mironenko, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Yang Victoria Shao, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

time-management skills.Moreover, our findings suggest a potential bias related to instructors regarding the sufficiency ofmeeting time, indicating that longer durations may potentially enhance student comfort. However,it contradicts with students reporting satisfaction in covering all topics of interest duringmeetings. Additionally, the instructor with the shortest meeting duration noted that often studentsfinished discussions before the allocated time ended.For the next phase of our work, we intend to shift the mentoring meetings to a small group format.Additionally, we plan to distribute surveys once more to gather feedback from students.In the broader scope, our long-term strategy includes expanding the study by incorporating morefaculty

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer L Bonniwell, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Richard W. Kelnhofer, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

of engagement leads to deeper learning [10]. • Don’t limit the content to the current course – pull concepts from prerequisite courses. • Aim for two or more per week – students tend to ask for more as they get used to the Rapid Reviews.Next StepsThe authors plan to continue to refine their use of Rapid Reviews in the following ways: • Qualify the impact of Rapid Reviews based on a survey of the students. The authors acknowledge that quantified results would be better. However, MSOE is a small private institution that is primarily focused on undergraduate engineering education. Therefore, the population size for gleaning information from quantified survey results is limited. • Form a list of best

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division (SWED) Technical Session #2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elise Deitrick, Codio; Maura Lyons, Codio; Joshua Richard Coughlin Stowell Ball, Codio

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division (SWED)

studentcompletion of tasks [21].In computer science, we often ask students to build larger programming projects over the span ofdays or weeks. As teachers, we know that students do not always have the skills to project andtime manage themselves well on these larger projects. Additionally, we know that trying toestimate how long it takes to plan, program, and test software projects is hard [22] and evensoftware organizations in industry find it challenging to deliver software on time [23]. To helpscaffold students on these larger projects, teachers often break projects up into milestones orseparate gradable deliverables.Benefits of Milestones in Programming ProjectsBy breaking these larger projects into distinct milestone assignments, teachers can more

Conference Session

Transfer issues between 2-year colleges and 4-year Engineering and Engineering Technology programs 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A Adams P.E., California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Gabriel Cuarenta-Gallegos, Cuesta College

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College Division (TYCD)

the project as a paid researchinternship and the community college faculty instructor who mentored the project was alsocompensated. The current grant is due to expire in May 2025. There are plans to re-apply foranother cycle of three years, in addition the college is exploring ways to institutionalize differentcomponents of the program with an emphasis on finding funding sources for undergraduate studentresearch experiences. One of the major programs that will be utilized to help with the fundingendeavor is the MESA (Mathematics, Engineering, Science, Achievement) program that has beenrecently codified into California Education Code, SB 444. For students that don’t qualify forMESA, there are opportunities to utilize funds from other state

Conference Session

Charting Inclusivity: Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Technology in Engineering and Computing Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tyrine Jamella Pangan, Tufts University; Kristen B Wendell, Tufts University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

our applications of the categories. After three rounds of codebookiteration, the exact match between the two raters’ codes is 73% and the Cohen’s Kappa score is0.46, indicating moderate agreement (Blackman, N. J. & Koval, J. J., 2000). For the resultsreported in this work-in-progress paper, the raters came to consensus on all the turns of talkwhere our codes disagreed. For future work, we plan to continue to refine the codebook until wereach a Cohen’s Kappa score of 0.8. The final codebook will then be applied to the remaining 26transcripts. Findings Our analysis allowed us to characterize two kinds of marginalizing moves (interrupting and taking up disproportionate space) and three kinds of inclusive moves (encouraging sharing

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 20

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Buten, University of Michigan; Jack Boomer Perry, University of Michigan; Cindy Wheaton, University of Michigan; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

the center of the diagramrather than placing it within a specific category. Clearly, participants believe it fits in more than onesection of the activity system.However, there were a few professional skills that were connected to specific aspects of project teams.Public speaking was repeatedly connected to presentations that were required either for competition orinternal review. Meanwhile, organizational management was connected with organizing subteam workand planning meetings for project team members and networking was connected to working with industrypartners and alumni. All of these aspects provide insight into how specific professional skills are beingdeveloped on project teams.Some of the elements of project teams that students

Collection

2024 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Annual Conference

Authors

Daniela Galatro; Ya-Huei Chin; Bradley Saville

(assumptions, calculation procedures, and carbon footprint). We believe that this revamped version of the course will guide students to employprincipals and a framework for design of sustainable chemical processes. Furthermore, as thefuture chemical engineering workforce must design and enforce sustainable chemical processes,we believe this approach enhances students’ career readiness. The effectiveness of this revampedversion will be assessed with a testing plan that includes (i) different surveys conducted at the endof CHE430 (in the following semester), where students will qualitatively assess their perceptionsabout the effectiveness of CHE334 in bridging CHE324 and CHE430; (ii) and longitudinallygathering data from deliverables (both in

Collection

2024 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Annual Conference

Authors

William Craine; Libby Osgood P.Eng.

register but did not complete theregistration." As noted by Weatherton, Mayes, and Villanueva-Perez, learning disabilities andADHD can have an impact on student’s concentration and planning, which could make acquiringacademic accommodations inaccessible in the first place [5].Thirdly, 25% of participants who need academic accommodations (n1–3=59) indicated that theydid not have an advocate, as shown in Table 1. One participant asked, “Does myself count?”Alternatively, 75% feel they have an advocate, with 12% being supported by a friend or partnerand 44% receiving support from a parent, guardian, or close relative. Lastly, 51% identified theircase worker as an advocate, and one graduate student also identified “supervisors andprofessors” as