Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Graham, University of Louisville; Karla Conn Welch, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville; Shamus McNamara, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

course has been selected for critical thinking emphasis. Students will be encouraged touse the critical thinking skills which were developed during their engineering fundamentalscourses, to analyze requirements and constraints which would apply in real-world design projectsusing the material covered in this course. At the junior level, similar use of critical thinking willbe applied in an introductory MATLAB course. At the senior level, critical thinking skills willagain be strengthened and assessed in the capstone design course and the professional issues andcurrent topics seminar. The latter course emphasizes understanding of professional ethics andcurrent topics in electrical and computer engineering. Initial data indicates

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sriram Sundararajan, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

(h) The broad education communicate effectively (c) An ability to design a professional and ethical

Conference Session

New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Cooper, North Carolina State University; Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University; Steven W. Peretti, North Carolina State University; David F. Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

integrity.” • “I don't want this to turn into some kind of witch-hunt where I have to defend myself for even writing a similar sentence.”These comments reflect the views espoused in other literature on the use of Turnitin6. However,in the selected sample of ChE students, these views were in the minority as indicated by thesmall fraction (<10%) of negative responses from each class. It is suggested by the authors thatthe focus of this particular ChE department on ethics throughout the curriculum may inform themore tolerant nature of students’ views toward their instructor using plagiarism screeningsoftware. Similar views have also been described in other studies pertaining to non-engineeringstudents8, 9.A considerable fraction of students

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Joseph Kirstukas, Central Connecticut State University; Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

/EAC) requires that engineeringprograms demonstrate that their graduates minimally meet eleven basic outcomes1. Theoutcomes are typically listed using lower case letters. This paper concerns two of these elevenoutcomes (c and k) which require that students graduate with: (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability. (k) an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice. Page

Conference Session

Towards Global Competency for Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Hundley, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Patricia Fox, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Lynn G. Brown, The Boeing Company; Alan Jacobs, Education Market Business Development Consulting; Catherine Didion, National Academy of Engineering; Daniel R. Sayre, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; Hans J. Hoyer, American Society for Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

International

since 1983. Fox teaches courses in leadership, ethics, human behavior, and sustainability practices in businesses and industries. She also teaches a study abroad course about sustainability. Fox has more than 15 years of leadership roles in ASEE, including three terms on the ASEE Board. Fox has worked with the Engineering Technology Council, Corporate Member Council, and the International Division.Ms. Lynn G. Brown, The Boeing Company Lynn Brown is the Boeing Corporate Program Manager for University Relations International and the Co-chair for the ASEE Corporate Members Council Special Interest Group for International Engineering Education. Brown was named as University Relations Program Manager in 2004. In this

Conference Session

FPD IX: Research on First-year Programs Part III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stanley M. Forman, Northeastern University; Susan F. Freeman, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

,undocumented values, ethics and beliefs they acquire while at school, that is, the lessons fromthe Unwritten Syllabus. These other skills, frequently described as soft skills, are often discussedby both teachers and human resource personnel for employers.7 This set of soft skills, such aspersonal accountability and greater work ethic, is not subject to defined teaching methods. Thereare clearly benefits to acquisition of these skills, but it has been a challenge to describe themethods and techniques used to achieve success in these skills and the list of these skills variesfrom source to source. The Unwritten Syllabus may encompass skills such as intellectualcuriosity, caring for others, ability to overcome obstacles and more. In addition, many of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ikseon Choi, University of Georgia; Yi-Chun Hong, National Central University; David K. Gattie, University of Georgia; Nadia N. Kellam, University of Georgia; Melissa G. Gay, University of Georgia; Lucas John Jensen, University of Georgia; Hyojin Park, University of Georgia; YounSeok Lee, University of Georgia

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

confirmed by later studies.4,8 Perry7 began to question why college studentsresponded to similar learning environments differently and found that an individual’s differentepistemic stage plays a crucial role in organizing his/her learning process and dealing withunclearly defined problems. Perry’s original nine stages of epistemic development have beenrefined as four major stages:11 dualism (black-and-white types of thinking and their variations),multiplicity (acknowledging uncertainty and accepting multiple opinions), contextual relativism(acknowledging the importance of contexts for meaning making), and commitment withinrelativism (adding ethical and moral responsibility and professional commitments to contextualrelativism).Challenges of Second

Conference Session

Embedded Control and Instrumentation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Y. Hung, Auburn University; Victor P. Nelson, Auburn University; Clint S. Cole, Digilent, Inc.; Alex Wong, Digilent, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

, graphics editor, and presentation software. Each student also archives his or her engineering work in a personal engineering notebook that is periodically reviewed.4. Study how engineering practice relates to a professional code of ethics. Students examine peer-reviewed case studies, identify ethical dilemmas, and propose professional practice solutions.The following student outcomes are assessed during the semester: • Ability to design and realize an electronic system to meet performance constraints. Page 25.788.2 • Ability to create experiments and draw meaningful conclusions from experimental data. • Ability to function as a

Conference Session

IT-based Instructional Technologies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alireza Kavianpour, DeVry University, Pomona; David Layton, DeVry University, Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

, where he teaches general literature, science fiction, composition (both beginning and advanced), ethics, and public speak- ing. He has a Ph.D. in English from the University of California, Santa Barbara (1994). His dissertation was about the portrayal of science in postmodernist fiction. He has published scholarly articles on science fiction, literature, television, film, and music. His most recent work includes a paper presented at two conferences about the design of university-level science fiction courses, using science fiction to teach the ethics of technology. He also gave a talk on Doctor Who and the critique of capitalism. At the end of 2011, his book on the humanism of Doctor Who will be published

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter L. Schmidt, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; James M. Conrad, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

must demonstrate that their students attain: a. an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering b. an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data c. an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability d. an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams e. an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems f. an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility g. an ability to communicate effectively h. the broad education necessary to understand the impact of

Conference Session

Curriculum and Facility Developments for Innovative Energy Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarma V. Pisupati, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Yaw D. Yeboah, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, nuclear, biological and catalytic. Students also choose departmental electivesfrom courses such as green energy engineering and environmental compliance, hydrogen andfuel cell technology, materials for energy applications, physical processes in energy engineering,and air pollutants from combustion sources. Professional electives allow students to gainexposure to business, legal and ethical issues related to energy. Technical electives can be chosento provide specialization or breadth and depth in renewable or non-renewable energy and/ormechanical or chemical aspects of energy. This paper discusses the program, the rationale in developing the program, and the detailsof the novel curriculum.Introduction World population and energy

Conference Session

Spacecraft Design Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanjay Jayaram, Saint Louis University; Michael A. Swartwout, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, project management, experimental, ethical, andprofessional issues faced by practicing engineers on a daily basis. Even though space missionsand spacecraft systems are designed to operate in the presence of multiple failures, occasionally,these systems will still fail spectacularly. The reasons for failure include incorrect designdecisions, operator error, manufacturing defects, and lack of proper subsystem and system levelintegration and test. The odds of these failures occurring can be significantly reduced throughgood systems engineering practice. But, in some cases, the very systems engineering practicesthemselves directly contribute to the failure. The lessons learned from success and failures are apowerful aid to understanding, but it is

Conference Session

Software Engineering Topics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lakshmi Ramachandran; Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

clearly describe the changes to be made to the system? Table 3: Rubric used for submissions of technical articles or papers. 1 Do the pages stick to the topic? 2 Are there an appropriate number of links to outside sources? 3 Does the analysis clearly identify the ethical issues? 4 Do the pages treat differing viewpoints fairly? 5 Is the organization of page(s) logical? 6 Do the pages identify several issues that are important in learning about the topic?For the analysis in this paper we collected project review data from two software projects.Students were asked to evaluate the entire project based on rubrics in Tables 1 and 2, one rubricfor each software project. We follow an informal, blind review process, where

Conference Session

Course and Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

AJ Hamlin, Michigan Technological University; Jean-Celeste M. Kampe, Michigan Technological University; Amy E. Monte, Michigan Technological University; Brett Hamlin, Michigan Technological University; Douglas E. Oppliger, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

instrument used are discussed above. Page 25.211.5Table 2: Program Outcomes for the BSE students ABET’s General Criterion 3 a-k, retrievedfrom http://www.abet.org/engineering-criteria-2012-2013/. ABET Criterion 3 / BSE Program Outcomes a An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering b An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired c needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and

Conference Session

International Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, Implementations, and Pedagogical Challenges in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael E. Auer, Carinthia Tech Institute, Austria; Arthur Walter Edwards, University of Colima

Tagged Divisions

International

pedagogical curriculum • Lecturers and professors • Institutional resources • Quality control and feedbackCompetences in Engineering PedagogyAn “ideal“ teacher with a technical background should acquire the necessary professionalcompetences of an engineering educator. These general professional competences consist oftwo main groups: • Technical expertise • Specific engineering pedagogical competencies.Educational theory offers different lists of competences7. The IGIP concept of engineeringeducational competences is to be summarized as follows: • Pedagogical, psychological and ethical competences • Didactical skills and evaluative competences • Organisational (managerial) competencies • Oral and written

Conference Session

Reflections on the “Raise the Bar” Initiative (Part I) - Using a Decade of Experience to Chart the Future

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth J. Fridley, University of Alabama; Kevin D. Hall, University of Arkansas; James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

more than 70 articles and given more than 150 presentations to various groups. His primary teaching and research interests include pavement design, materials, construction, and rehabilitation, in addition to the topics of professionalism, licensure, and ethics. On the education front, he serves as the co-Chair of the ASCE Body of Knowledge Education Fulfillment Committee (BOKEdFC), and is an active participant in the Civil Engineering Division of ASEE. In terms of technical/research efforts, he currently serves on eight committees, task groups, and panels through the Transportation Research Board (chairing one standing committee of TRB and one NCHRP Project Panel), and numerous committees with ASTM and industry

Conference Session

Leadership, Design, and Entrepreneurship

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jameel Ahmed, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James H. Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Samuel N. Peffers, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Shannon M. Sexton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

2020 points out the need for leadership training for engineers in order to bridgepublic policy and technology, as well as to encourage engineers to take on roles that they havetraditionally been reluctant to take.3At Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, the faculty have responded to these needs by adoptingundergraduate student learning outcomes across the institution; these six outcomes (available athttp://www.rose-hulman.edu/reps/) include communication, teamwork, global and culturalawareness, and ethics, outcomes that are also part of the ABET Engineering Criteria. Adoptionof these outcomes has required curriculum changes to ensure that each undergraduate student hasthe opportunity to develop his or her skills before graduation. Although not

Conference Session

Design Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kumar Yelamarthi, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, specification definition, concept development, detail design,testing and refinement, and production.4.5 Demonstrate an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility The TGR design platform is a natural place to introduce ethical as well as global engineeringissues. By working on these projects, students obtain first hand feedback from the end user. Thishelps students obtain a clear picture of the health and wealth of public, and to disclose promptlythe factors that might endanger the end user. By working with end user, but not the corporateindustries, students have the ability to approach system design based on usability rather thanmonetary profits, realizing the ethical responsibility of engineers. Largely, TGR platform helpsstudents use

Conference Session

Model Eliciting Activities

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nora Siewiorek, University of Pittsburgh; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Natasa S. Vidic, University of Pittsburgh; Karen M. Bursic, University of Pittsburgh; Scott Streiner, University of Pittsburgh; Jeffrey Coull

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

J. Shuman is Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and professor of industrial engineering at the Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on improving the engineering education experience with an emphasis on assessment of design and problem-solving, and the study of the ethical behavior of engineers and engineering managers. A former Senior Editor of the Journal of Engineering Education, Shuman is the Founding Editor of Advances in Engineering Education. He has published widely in engineering education literature, and is co-author of Engineering Ethics: Balancing Cost, Schedule and Risk - Lessons Learned from the Space Shuttle (Cambridge University Press). He

Conference Session

TAC/ABET-related Outcome-based Assessment Methods and Models

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anca L. Sala, Baker College, Flint; James Riddell, Baker College, Flint

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

critical thinking skills by applying the basic principles of electronics technologyto solve technical problems.3. Demonstrate competence in written and oral communication.4. Work effectively as an individual and as a member of a team while recognizing theimportance and value of diversity.5. Demonstrate awareness of ethical, social, and professional responsibilities in a multiculturalworkplace.6. Continue their professional training and adapt to changes in the workplace through additionalformal and informal education.The PEO’s were adopted by program faculty with input from the program Industrial AdvisoryBoard, as well as current students and program alumni. The PEO’s were designed after thesuccessful accreditation of the Mechanical Engineering

Conference Session

Engineering Education Ties and Engineering Programs in the Middle East and Latin America

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jaby Mohammed, Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

International

improve project work, communicationskills and presentation skills.Development of practical skillsPrimarily the STEPS courses help the students develop life-long learning habits, independentlearning, ethics, project management (cost, risk, time, and even conflict management), andresearch. STEPS courses tend to achieve both through the experiment as well as through training,which would be useful in the workplace and in future careers in engineering. Some of the newspecific skills that students develop in the STEPS program are:  Identifying, clarifying and defining problems and specific needs of 'the client'  Defining specific objectives, constraints, functions, requirements and metrics  Generating and analyzing several different

Conference Session

Linking Engineering and Liberal Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert O. Grondin, Arizona State University, Polytechnic

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

word culture in his thoughts. He broke this down intonine dimensions, some of which are epistemological and some of which are social. Theepistemological dimensions are: • primary interest; • sources of evidence and degree to which they are controlled; Page 25.537.4 • primary vocabulary and degree to which concepts are contextualized;The social dimensions are: • degree of influence of social conditions produced by historical contingencies; • degree to which ethical concerns influence questions and conclusions; • degree of dependence on financial support from government and industry; • likely size of collaborative teams

Conference Session

The Designer of 2020: Innovations in Teaching Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew W. Roberts P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Michael K. Thompson, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Philip J. Parker P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Barb A. Barnet, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

earlier DLR grant and to develop a general education infrastructure compa-nion course for all students, which became the I&S course.As completed under the grant funding, the I2I course is a two-credit course with four lecturesdevoted to introducing five sub-disciplines of civil engineering (transportation, construction,geotechnical, structural, and environmental). The remainder of the course covers broader themessuch as the economic significance of infrastructure, infrastructure planning, teamwork, ethics,etc. Within this course, students work in teams to assess five infrastructure components from thesurrounding campus and community. The I2I course has been piloted three times and will betaught for a fourth time in the spring 2012 semester

Conference Session

The Teacher as Manager: Best Practices for Culminating Design Experiences

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William P. Manion, University of Maine; Judith A. Hakola, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

). The departmental criteria forevaluating the proposals as suitable capstone projects are below. Project-related criteria 1. The number and variety of different disciplines the project will involve, such as structures, geotechnical, environmental and water resources, transportation, sustainability, construction and public policy. (ABET5 “multidisciplinary teams”) 2. The real-world constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, constructability and sustainability.5 In essence, the Page 25.309.3 benefits to society from doing the project. 3

Conference Session

BME Laboratory and Project Experiences

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M. Ebenstein, Bucknell University; Eric A. Kennedy, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

provide a detailed description of a three week core module which can becompleted in two lecture hours and seven lab hours in addition to brief descriptions ofsupplemental activities that can be used to expand the unit, including biostatistics and ethics. Forthe core module and each supplemental activity, the time and materials resources required willbe indicated, as well as the ABET criterion that are addressed. Finally, we will report on ABETand student assessment relating to the unit, and end with some discussion and conclusions.Core ModuleThe core module consists of two hours of lecture and seven hours of lab. In our course, thiscovers three weeks of class – one week of lecture followed by two weeks of lab; however,supplemental activities used

Conference Session

Relevance of and Models for Community Engagement in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James L. Huff, Purdue University; Dulcy M. Abraham, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

AC 2012-4167: ADAPTING CURRICULAR MODELS FOR LOCAL SERVICE-LEARNING TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITIESJames L. Huff, Purdue University James L. Huff is a Ph.D. student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University as well as the Assistant Education Administrator for EPICS. He earned his BS in Computer Engineering at Harding University and an MS in electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University. A member of the engineering faculty at Harding University, he is on an academic leave to pursue his Ph.D. in engineering education at Purdue University. His research interests include ethical reasoning and social responsibility in engineering, human-centered design learning and assessment, cross-cultural

Conference Session

Thinking About the Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter H. Meckl, Purdue University; Marc H. Williams, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carolyn Percifield, Purdue University; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michael T. Harris, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Leah H. Jamieson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

longer remain as it has for essentially the past 40 Page 25.1233.2 years. The subjects of globalization, diversity, world cultures and languages, communication, leadership, and ethics must constitute a core component of the overall engineering education just as physics and mathematics do.” [3, p. 87]The important role that engineering education plays in preparing engineering graduates of thefuture is emphasized in several scholarly publications4, 5. In [4], the authors explore the currentstate of engineering education and provide recommendations for improvement. In particular,they emphasize the importance of giving students a

Conference Session

Creative and Cross-disciplinary Methods Part II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin L Hess, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jessica Erin Sprowl; Rui Pan, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Melissa Dyehouse, Purdue University; Carrie A. Wachter Morris, Purdue University; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

responsibleinnovations that embrace ethical and ecological contexts. Traditionally, engineering as aprofession has focused primarily on a set of technical skills, such as problem solving, design, andmodeling. It is undeniable that these skills are core and important. However, the target attributesfor future engineering graduates, such as featured in the National Academy of Engineering’s(NAE) “Engineer of 2020”, include specific character qualities and affective dispositions as well, Page 25.520.2wherein promoting traits such as empathy and care is sometimes referenced as holisticengineering education.6The NAE now emphasizes the need to promote engineering

Conference Session

Accreditation and Outcomes-based Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra A. Yost, University of Detroit Mercy; Laurie A. Britt-Smith, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

demonstrates successful collaboration across academic unitswith very different cultures, with negligible staff support due to fiscal challenges. As such, theapproach could serve as a model for smaller institutions whose size does not allow for theappointment of full-time assessment professionals to replicate the successes described here.For the engineering programs at UDM, this new core curriculum will provide opportunities formore substantive direct assessment of student outcomes (f), (g), (h), and (j), as described inABET’s Criterion 3. 1 • (f) An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility; • (g) An ability to communicate effectively; • (h) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Experiences and Assessment in Environmental Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

-campus in dormitories; someexceptions were made for local participants. The students attended various orientation andresearch-related seminars in the first week (program expectations, overview of all researchprojects, responsible conduct of research, lab safety, literature research). A written researchproposal was due at the end of the first week. This proposal described the independent projectthat each student planned to execute over the summer, including a literature review, researchhypotheses, experimental plan and methods. During the rest of the summer there was typicallyone group seminar scheduled each week. Most of these seminars were 1-hour lectures by facultyon various topics (such as environmental policy, environmental ethics