Conference Session

Dynamics - Wow! They accelerate

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudhir Kaul, University of Mount Union; Pattabhi Sitaram, Baker College, Flint, MI

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

Education, 94, pp. 121-130.[4] Estrada, T., Atwood, S.A., 2012, “Factors that Affect Student Frustration Level in Introductory LaboratoryExperiences,” AC2012-4382, Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, San Antonio, TX.[5] Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., Ross, G., 1976, “The Role of Tutoring in Problem Solving,” Journal of Psychology andPsychiatry, 17, pp. 89-100.[6] Moll, L.C., 1992, Vygotsky and Education: Instructional Implications and Applications of SociohistoricalPsychology, Cambridge University Press.[7] Grondin, R. O., 2012, “Engineering as a Liberal Discipline: Two, Three or Four Cultures?” AC2012-4586,Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, San Antonio, TX.[8] National Academy of Engineering, 2005, The

Conference Session

POTPOURRI

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Chastine, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 6, 4(August 1997), 355-385.[3] Mellor, J.P., "Enhanced Reality Visualization in a Surgical Environment, A.I. Technical Report No. 1544," 1995.[4] Grimson, W. E. L., Ettinger, G. J., White, S. J. and Lozano-Perez, T. "An automatic registration method forframeless stereotaxy, image guided surgery, and enhanced reality," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 15,pp. 129-140, 1996.[5] Schmalsteig, D., Fuhrmann, A., Hessina, G., Szalavari, Z., Encarnacao, L. M., Gervautz, M., Purgathofer, W.,"The Studierstube Augmented Reality Project," Presence, vol. II, pp. 33-54, February, 2002 2002.[6] Chastine, J.W., Brooks, J. C., Zhu, Y., Owen, G. S., Harrison, R. W., and I.T. Weber, "AMMP-Vis

Conference Session

New Course Development Concepts in ET

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Biswajit Ray, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

digital oscilloscope. Theinstrumentation and data acquisition specific software and hardware are briefly described below.Software:LabVIEW 20129NI-myDAQ10 data acquisition device: The key features of this USB interfaced portable and low-cost device, easily purchased and used by students in their dorm room, is listed below along witha pictorial view shown in Figure 1.o 2 analog inputs (configurable as high-impedance differential voltage input or audio input), sampling up to 200 kS/s per channelo 2 analog outputs (configurable as voltage output or audio output), update rate up to 200 kS/s per channelo 8 digital I/O channels, each line is a Programmable Function Interface (PFI). Accordingly, counter, timer, pulse width measuring

Conference Session

Delivery Methods in Mechanical Engineering Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahra Shahbazi, Manhattan College; sina Shahbazmohamadi, University of Connecticut

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

we believethis method can provide us with an effective and flexible tool to educate new generation ofengineers.The resources (e.g. Excel files to calculate points and keep track of league standings, sampleassignments for vibration course, questioner to collect students’ feedback, …) are available forinstructors interested in practicing this method in their classroom.Bibliography1. Smith, K. & Sheppard, S. & Johnson D. & Johnson, R. “Pedagogies of engagement : Classroom-based practices”.Journal of Engineering Education. 94(2005).2. Vygotskiĭ, L.S. “Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes”. M.Cole, V. John-Steiner, S.Scribner, & E.Souberman (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.3

Conference Session

Electrical Energy Courses, Labs, and Projects II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hayrettin Bora Karayaka, Western Carolina University; Robert D. Adams, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

ability to select and apply a knowledge oftechnology to engineering technology problems that require the application of principles andapplied procedures or methodologies).As a next step, the course is projected to be offered with AC Circuit Analysis prerequisite inupcoming years to provide better coverage of the topics listed in Table 3. In addition, it is alsoplanned to develop and incorporate additional lab activities for further understanding andanalysis of the subject matter.Bibliography1. U.S. NRC, “Combined License Applications for New Reactors,” Sep 22, 2010, available online athttp://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors.html.2. U. S. Energy Information Administration, “Electric Power Annual 2010 Data Tables,” Nov 09, 2011, availableonline at

Conference Session

Capstone Manufacturing and Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University ; Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; M. Eric Carr, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. Page 23.100.3 2. Since the tool used is not designed for wet application(s) and is not protected against intrusion of the fine glass dust generated as a byproduct of polishing, each tool only lasts approximately one month before the tool is degraded to the point to which it is no longer economically repairable. At about $275 per tool and the need for replacement at an average rate of three tools per month, the added cost of tool replacements adds significantly to the cost of hand polishing.   Figure 1: Traditional polishing processDesign ProcessThe goals of the senior design project were to reduce process cost

Conference Session

CIP Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Danielson, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Chell A. Roberts, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

retain the mix of backgrounds typical of project teams utilized in thenormal offerings of the program. Due to intellectual property issues, the “faculty member(s)” forthe class are likely to be company engineers. However, these instructors will have to meet all therequirements of the College for any part-time faculty member teaching one or two classes.The following spring, summer, fall and spring semesters will follow a similar load scheme. Asan example, the spring semester of 2013 includes a physics course, two focus-area courses andan engineering project course. The team agreed that during the summers only one session, withone course covered in the six Wednesdays, would be scheduled to allow employees to haveopportunity for summer vacations

Conference Session

FPD 8: Engineering Math Issues

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julia H. Chariker, University of Louisville; Patricia A Ralston, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville; Carrye Y Wilkins, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

. S. Ralston is Professor and Chair of the Department of Engineering Fundamentals. She re- ceived her B.S., MEng, and PhD degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Louisville. Her educational research interests include the use of technology in engineering education, incorporation of critical thinking in engineering education, and ways to improve retention. Her other interests include process modeling, simulation, and process control.Dr. Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville Jeffrey L. Hieb, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Engineering Fundamentals. He teaches engineering mathematics to freshman and sophomore engineering students. His research interests include

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene B Mena, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sven Schmitz, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

description andanalysis of the mentoring experience.References1.Russell, S. H. (2008). Undergraduate Research Opportunities: Facilitating and Encouraging the Transition fromStudent to Scientist. In R. Taraban & R. L. Blanton (Eds.). Creating Effective Undergraduate Research Programsin Science. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. P.53-80.2.Kardash, C. M. (2000). Evaluation of an Undergraduate Research Experience: Perceptions of UndergraduateInterns and Their Faculty Mentors. Journal of Educational Psychology. 92(1), 191-201.3Lopatto, D. (2004). Survey of Undergraduate Research Experiences (SURE): First Findings. Cell BiologyEducation. 3, 270-277.4.Zydney, A. L., Bennett, J. S., Shahid, A., & Bauer, K. W. (2002). Impact of Undergraduate

Conference Session

Real-World Applications

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Dhirendra Bhattarai; Christopher Ibeh

Session 1649 AIMSeT: Advanced Innovative Materials Selection Techniques Christopher C. Ibeh, Dhirendra Bhattarai Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762AbstractBasic materials selection techniques typically yield more than one to several suitablematerials for a given product, part or application based on pre-specified propertyrequirements and processing method(s). Some of the advanced innovative materialsselection techniques recognize that the pre-specified properties do not have the samelevel of importance in a given design or application. These innovative techniques such asthe digital logic approach

Conference Session

Student Teams and Active Learning

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Janet Schmidt; David Bigio; Linda Schmidt; Paige Smith

institutionalization of curricular an d pedagogical reform. Research in Higher Education, 43(4), 397-421.[4] Felder, R., and Silverman, L. (1988) Learning and Teaching Styles in Engineering Education, Journal of Engineering Education, 78(7):674.[5] Gido, J. and Clements, J.P. (1999) Successful project management, Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing.[6] Kolb Learning Style Inventory, (1985) McBer & Company.[7] Marmel, E. (2000) Project 2000, Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.[8] L. Schmidt, L., Mead, P., Natishan, M., Lathan, C., Brown, S., Goswami, I. and Mouring, S. (1999) “BESTEAMS: Building Engineering Student Team Effectiveness and Management Systems, CD-ROM Proceedings 1999 ASEE Annual Conference &

Conference Session

International Collaborative Efforts

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Sandra Courter; Rebecca Cors; Pat Eagan

semester. The Teaching Improvement Program is part of the UW-Madison College of Engineering's endeavor to "help meet the needs of society in the 21st century by … creating the next generation of engineering leaders (UW-Madison College of Engineering's Dean Bollinger as quoted in the College's Vision 2000 brochure)." This focus on leadership skills for engineering students emerged over the last 15 years as part of a longstanding effort to link curricula with workplace skill sets. The technological explosion of the 1980's brought with it an urgent need for technical professionals with communications skills, and the College of Engineering responded by launching a Technical Communications Certificate program in 1988. More

Conference Session

Curriculum Development in Civil ET

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Maher Murad

e e! g n ) m in (s tio

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Frontiers

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

YongMi Kim; Jai Kang; Chan Park

Session 1639 Developing a Web-Based Engineering Economy Courseware Chan S. Park, Jai W. Kang Auburn University/ Rochester Institute of TechnologyIntroductionRecently, more web-based instructional materials have been developed to help students in learningvarious engineering subject matters. In engineering economy instruction in particular, the use ofthe Internet is increasingly common. Even though most instructors as well as students appreciatethe power of the Internet, how we develop a web-based courseware is a much debated issue. Inparticular, Excel becomes almost the de facto

Conference Session

Tools for Teaching and Learning

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Bret Van Poppel; Shad Reed

0.075 2 0.05 1 0.025 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Tangential Velocity [ft/s] Figure 5: Shaft Torque and Power versus Turbine Wheel Tangential VelocityWhile the homework assignment was not part of the turbine design project, the intent was for thestudents to connect the two

Conference Session

Outreach: Future Women in Engineering

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Heimdahl Peter; Brenda Puck; Danny Bee

Session 1692 Summer Technology & Engineering Preview at Stout (STEPS) for Girls Danny J. Bee, Brenda S. Puck, and Dr. Peter D. Heimdahl Technology Department, College of Technology, Engineering and Management, University of Wisconsin-StoutAbstractThis paper presents the successes of the Summer “When I was accepted into the “STEPS for Girls” program for one week last summer.”Technology & Engineering Preview at Stout for Girls(“STEPS for Girls”). In 1997, the University of

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

William Hankley

Page 8.1021.2architecture and design. Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2003, American Society for Engineering EducationDuring 1990’s decade, our curriculum, like many others, had a capstone software engineering andsenior project course. Over the years it became clear that students were learning design issueswhile they were building their senior project; they did not have a foundation of design experienceto bring to bear on their project work.The latest ACM/IEEE guidelines, currently in draft form [4], also define areas of the body ofknowledge for degrees relating to computing. Section 7, Introductory Courses, discusses theoption of

Conference Session

Understanding Students: Cognition

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Matthew Eliot; Angela Linse; Jennifer Turns

preliminary list of concerns suggests topics forinstructional development and provides a basis for surveys exploring the concerns of specificgroups of faculty. Documented variability in the level of individuals’ pedagogical expertiseindicates that instructional developer effectiveness can be enhanced by beginning instructionaldevelopment interactions with efforts to ascertain participants’ pedagogical knowledge. Suchassessment, which can be either formal or informal, can help instructional developers to customizeactivities to suit their user(s). The importance of vocabulary and terminology to engineeringfaculty suggests that instructional development materials and activities be reviewed for potentiallydissonant vocabulary. Instructional development

Conference Session

FPD IV: Innovative Curriculum Elements of Successful First-year Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robin A.M. Hensel Ed.D., West Virginia University; Ordel Brown Ph.D., West Virginia University; Mary L. Strife, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Program with ABET Driven Assessment”, Proceedings of the 2010 American Society forEngineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.6. Peercy, P. and Cramer, S. (2011). Redefining Quality in Engineering Education Through Hybrid Instruction,Journal of Engineering Education 100(4): 625-629.7. Johnson, C. (2008). “The Evolution of Professional Associations, Engineering and Information Literacy”,Proceedings of the 2008 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.8. Parker, A. (2011). “ The Value of Direct Engagement in a Classroom and a Faculty: The Liaison Librarian Modelto Integrate Information Literacy”, Proceedings of the 2010 American Society for Engineering Education AnnualConference & Exposition.9

Conference Session

Innovative Uses of Technology and Techniques for Laboratory Exercises

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Veazie, Southern Polytechnic State University; Daniel Edward Ephraim

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Back Iron Figure 1. Heavy Rotor Schematic using NdFeB permanent magnet material laminated in the Silicon Hub with electro-deposited Ni80-Fe20.Electrodeposition of Permalloy Ni80Fe20Electrodeposition is the process used in electroplating, whereas electroplating is the process ofusing electrical current to reduce metal cations—an atom or group of atoms carrying a positivecharge—in a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of metal2. The primaryapplication of electroplating is to deposit layer(s) of a metal having some desired property(example, abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, improvement of aestheticqualities, magnetic, etc.) onto a surface lacking that property. Also

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering, Part II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ruba Alkhasawneh, Virginia Commonwealth University; Rosalyn Hobson Hargraves, Virginia Commonwealth University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

activities which are designed to improve student learning outcomes.Dr. Rosalyn S. Hobson, Virginia Commonwealth University Page 25.711.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Identifying significant features that impact URM students academic success and retention upmost using qualitative methodologies: focus groupsAbstract:The purpose of this research is to develop a hybrid framework to model first year studentacademic success and retention for Under Represented Minorities (URM) comprisingAfrican Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans. This model was

Conference Session

Capstone and Design Projects in Engineering Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bimal P. Nepal, Texas A&M University; Ismail Capar, Texas A&M University; Barry Lawrence, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Students were also expected to reviewthe best practice literature associated with their group assigned area of study and any relevant(animal health distribution related) industry specific information to support their analysis. Duringthe residency week, they follow the schedule of activities shown above in Exhibit 1.On day 1 (Monday), students along with the instructor(s), will travel to visit the companyfacility. The objective of this visit is to understand the current business process and refine theirproblem statement. The typical sequence of events on Monday is as follows: a) students arrive atthe company premises and are guided to the conference room by company associates; b) the topexecutive(s) of the company will give a brief presentation on

Conference Session

Expanding Access and Opportunities for M/30

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea L. Welker PE, Villanova University; Leslie Ann McCarthy P.E., Villanova University; John Komlos, Villanova University; Alfred Andrew Fry

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Assessment of Final Term Paper in GLY 2805 Geology for Engineers Outcome(s) 2009 2011Number of students 61 5318: Develop a thesis statement and formulate questions based on the information 4.8 4.8needed12: Define or modify the information need to achieve a manageable focus 4.8 4.74: Read text, select main ideas, and restate textual concepts in their own words 4.5 4.59: Demonstrate an understanding of intellectual property, copyright, and fair use ofcopyrighted material8: Communicate clearly and with a style that supports the purposes of the intended

Conference Session

Creative and Cross-disciplinary Methods Part I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Hennessey Wikoff, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Michael Hoge Carriere, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Page 25.798.9discipline. Below are key points for student learning in any course that integratesentrepreneurship and innovation into the subject material. Like Steve Jobs and StevenChu, students should be encouraged to do the following: 1. Cast a wide net. Keep up with what is happening in your field and in the world generally. 2. Actively seek out problems to solve or areas opportunity where you would be the first person to do the particular type of work you are doing. Even freshman students can find something new to add to a conversation. 3. Figure out who has been talking about this problem or working in a similar area. 4. Get up to speed on the conversation of the field(s) regarding this topic so far. 5. Do

Conference Session

Research Informing Teaching Practice II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sensen Li, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sean P. Brophy, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

State School Officers). Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers.[4] Sadler, D. R. (1998). Formative assessment: revisiting the territory. Assessment in Education, 5(1), 77–84.[5] Brophy, S. P., Klein, S., Portsmore, M., & Rogers, C. (2008). Advancing engineering education in the P-12classrooms. Journal of Engineering Education 97(3), 369–387.[6] Roselli, R. J., & Brophy, S. P. (2006). Experiences with formative assessment in engineering classrooms.Journal of Engineering Education, 95(4), 325-333.[7] Biesta, G .(2004). Mind the gap! Communication and the educational relation. In Bingham, C., & Sidorkin,A .eds. No Education without relation. New York: Peter Lang.[8]Mazur, E. (1997). Peer Instruction: A user's manual

Conference Session

Construction Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yilmaz Hatipkarasulu, University of Texas, San Antonio; Vincent B. Canizaro, University of Texas, San Antonio; John D. Murphy Jr., University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Supervision, 10, 227-249.12. Mills, T.H., Auchey, F.L., and Beliveau, Y.J. (1996) The Development of a Vertically and Horizontally Integrated Undergraduate Building Construction Curriculum for the Twenty First Century. Journal of Construction Education, Summer 1996, 1(1) pp. 34 - 4413. Hauck, A.J. (1998) Construction Management Curriculum Reform and Integration with a Broader Discipline: A Case Study Journal of Construction Education, Summer 1998, 3(2) pp. 118-13014. Al-Holou, N, Corleto, C., Demel, J., Froyd, J., Hoit, M., Morgan, J., and Wells, D. (1998), First-Year Integrated Curricula Across Engineering Education Coalitions, 1998 Frontiers in Education Conference, Tempe, AZ.15. Yost, S. A. and Hoback, A. S. (2000) A team approach

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Teaming and Collaboration

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara A. Karanian, Stanford University; Mona Eskandari, Stanford University; Akshit Aggarwal, Stanford University; Felipe Pincheira, Stanford University; Rebecca Rose Krauthamer; Gregory Kress, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. Page 25.1011.11[13] Goleman, D. What Makes A Leader? Harvard Business Review, 2004.???-1-4244-1970-8/08/$25.00 ©2012 ASEE/IEEE June, 2012, San-Antonio, TX 40th ASEE/IEEE Session ???[14] Baum, J., Locke, E. & Kirkpatrick, S. 1998.A longitudinal study of the relation of vision and vision communication to venture growth in entrepreneurial firms.Journal of Applied Psychology, 83. 43-54.[15] McClelland, D., Power: The Inner Experience. Van Nostrand: New York, 1964.[16] McClelland, D., Human Motivation. Van Nostrand: New York, 1987.[17} Stefik, M. & Stefik, B. 2004

Conference Session

Innovations in Solid Mechanics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University; Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

Devices and Systems”, 3rd ed., publisher Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998. 6. J.G. Skakoon, “The Elements of Mechanical Design”, ASME Press, New York, 2008.7. R. S. Figliola, D. Beasley, “Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements” 5th ed., Wiley and Sons Inc.2011,8. A.J. Wheeler, A. R. Ganji, “Introduction to Engineering Experimentation”, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, 20109. J. P. Holman, “Experimental Methods for Engineers”, 7th ed., McGraw Hill, 200110. Hibbeler, R., “ Statics and Mechanics of Materials”, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 201111. Cornwell, P., Fine, J., “Mechanics in the Rose Hulman Foundation Coalition Sophomore Curriculum”12. Borghi, L., Ambrosis, A., Mascheretti, P., Massara, C. I., “Computer simulation

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angkee Sripakagorn, Chulalongkorn University; Kuntinee Maneeratana, Chulalongkorn University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

OrganizationalDevelopment Network of Thailand Higher Education (ThaiPOD).Bibliography1. D. Lavansiri, and S. Koontanakulvong, Use of CUQA in Quality Assurance System of Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Proceeding of the 4th ASEE/AaeE Global Colloquium on Engineering Education, Sydney, 26-29 September 2005.2. A. C. Cleland and B. J. Wakelin, Graduate Profiles for Washington Accord degrees; Broad Principles and the Design Component. Engineering Design in Engineering Education: JABEE Symposium/Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, December 2004.3. Canadian Council of Professional Engineers (CCPE), Task Force Report on the Future of Engineering Education, July 1988.4. Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (CETS), Engineering Employment

Conference Session

Project-based Education in Energy Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Keith Coogler, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC Light + - P N A O E S G C 12V BatteryFigure 2. Major components and their connections of the training unit2.1. Metal Stand (Frame)To begin planning the units, the current commercial training units were studied to get a generalconcept of different training station metal housings, the nature of parts used and