Conference Session

Service as an Element of Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Rippon, Arizona State University; James Collofello, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2012-4202: ENGINEERS SERVING EDUCATION: BRINGING MATHAND SCIENCE TO LIFE IN THE K-8 CLASSROOMStephen Rippon, Arizona State University Steve Rippon is the Assistant Dean of Student Services in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Ari- zona State University. In this capacity, he oversees the engineering schools’ K-12 outreach, undergraduate student recruitment, undergraduate engagement programs, and the Engineering Career Center.Dr. James Collofello, Arizona State University Page 25.565.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Engineers Serving Education

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elaine P. Scott, Seattle Pacific University; Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Rebecca A. Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

are imminent in the student’s career but courseobjectives broaden well beyond professional development. The “Mini” modules are briefoverviews or subsections of the full module topics, and consist of four or five slides for easyintegration. This paper focuses on the development and summary of these “Mini” modules.Professional Development “Mini” Modules“Mini” modules have been developed around three major topics: Educational Context;Professional Development; and, Engineering Ethics. The Educational Context “Mini” modulesexplore the development of engineering education through its history, the relationship betweenthe missions of the university and individual engineering departments, and the overallphilosophy of higher education. These modules

Conference Session

Attracting Young Minds: Part I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rafic Bachnak, Texas A&M International University; Rohitha Goonatilake, Texas A&M International University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

ISA, and a member of ASEE. During the 2009-2010 academic year, he was a Fulbright Scholar at Notre Dame University, Lebanon.Dr. Rohitha Goonatilake, Texas A&M International University Rohitha Goonatilake received a Ph.D. in applied mathematics from Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, in 1997 and is currently working as an Associate Professor of mathematics in the Department of Engineer- ing, Mathematics, and Physics at Texas A&M International University. He was a Co-PI for a grant funded by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board for the 2010 Engineering Summer Program to provide enrichment for area middle and high school students to enter into careers in engineering. He is a mem- ber of American

Conference Session

Industry Lead Interactive Session - Presented by Hewlett-Packard Laboratories

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Lueny Morell, Hewlett-Packard Corporation

Tagged Topics

Hewlett-Packard Laboratories - Industry Lead Interactive Session

of successful companies and their research labs, need to find a wayinto science and engineering higher education systems to help to develop talent that can notonly use technology, but also help create it and develop new business opportunities with it.Universities are usually the preferred venue for post-doctoral candidates (postdocs) to spend 2to 3 years further expanding their research interests, experience and networks before formallyinitiating their careers with a company, university, or self-owned business. Nevertheless,industry research labs can also provide ways to engage not only faculty and students but alsopostdocs in innovation and in the transfer of state-of-the-art research results and emergingtechnology areas into new businesses

Conference Session

International Forum Poster Session & Welcome Reception: Sponsored by Quanser and Cypress Semiconductors

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Sabah Razouk Abro, Lawrence Technological University; Kenneth Cook P.E., Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Topics

ASEE International Forum

Arab countries. Sabah has over 25 years of experience in higher education including more than 15 years in education manage- ment across different parts of the world. Concentration in the last 15 years was on development of career, Art & Science, technology and engineering programs. Leading positions in educational institutions including chair of department, acting Dean, university board member, University assessment committee member, consultant and team leader. A unique experience in coordination between educational institution and industrial partners to build new paradigm in education through an NSF sponsored program. Many years of in-depth experience in curriculum development. Extensive knowledge in

Conference Session

FPD X: Addressing Retention in the First Year

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew G. Green, LeTourneau University; Alan D. Niemi, LeTourneau University; Melanie Roudkovski, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

? Do you like your job?” This program is part of a larger retention and career-boostinginitiative including overhauling the first-year course experience and hiring student peer advisors,funded in part through NSF-STEP.Our industrial mentors commit to 9 hours (including drive time) for the year including: attendingmentor orientation, providing student feedback, attending two informal student meetings (withthe 6-8 member FIGs), and completing a feedback survey. Several optional activities forinterested mentors include giving class presentations, electronic mentoring, and reviewing first-year student team design presentations. In this 2011-12 pilot year, 9 mentors are connected withFIG groups of approximately 7 students each.This paper details

Conference Session

The "Education" in Experiential Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Paul Pearson, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Timothy Boyd, Northrop Grumman Corporation

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

manager at Northrop Grumman, while completing an M.S. in engineering management. After a successful period leading the production transition of the Predator and the F-22 Raptor antenna programs as an RF Engineering Manager, Pearson returned to personnel management and leadership training program creation for early/mid-career employees. Pearson also serves as a volunteer on several boards of directors; Past-President for the Southern Association of Colleges and Employ- ers (SoACE), Minority Engineering Advisory Board, and Electrical & Computer Engineering Advisory Board at North Carolina State University; and as a volunteer Adjunct Professor at California Polytechnic University in San Luis Obispo, Calif., where he

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan W. Klingbeil, Wright State University; Karen A. High, Oklahoma State University; Michael W. Keller, University of Tulsa; Ian M. White, University of Maryland; Bradley J. Brummel, University of Tulsa; Jeremy S. Daily P.E., University of Tulsa; R. Alan Cheville, Oklahoma State University; Jennifer Wolk, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

program. It has given us theopportunity to understand more of why our students choose to complete their degrees inengineering which opens the doors for interventions and changes targeted at venerablepopulations. Specifically, it seems like this class might help to introduce the students to morepractical Mechanical Engineering applications early in their academic careers and give them theconfidence to complete their math and physics sequences. We are approaching the first of our 4-year retention rates and are expecting to be able to transition to a full curriculum-basedimplementation of the program based on these results.Oklahoma State University:Background: Oklahoma State has been offering a design centered version of the course duringeach fall

Conference Session

FPD VIII: Crossing Bridges and Easing Transitions into the First Year

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Jones, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Carmen R. Zafft, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Evan T. Curtis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

encourage completion of a baccalaureateengineering degree in the traditional time frame. To accomplish the goal of integrating the students through academic and social supports,the proposed action plan was to implement program activities through two strategies. The firststrategy was to develop a set of student support activities that included academic, financial, andsocial components that would facilitate mentoring, community building, and retention. Second,internship opportunities were to be developed to enhance career development and post-graduatecareer preparation. However, a selection of the student support activities became non-operational. This was due in large part to the different needs that transfer students bring withthem to the

Conference Session

Linking K-12 to Post-secondary

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Letrece Dillihunt, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Derrick Wayne Smith, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Phillip A. Farrington, University of Alabama, Huntsville

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

well. Boylan3 provides data from theAmerican College Test (ACT) high school profile that shows the percentage of students planningto major in engineering has decreased from 8.6% in 1992 to 5.3% in 2003 which magnifiesconcerns given the rising need for engineers and the aging of the current engineering workforce.Furthermore, findings from a 2010 study by the National Research Council’s Committee onExamination of the U.S. Air Force’s Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM) Workforce Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs indicate that “as aconsequence of inadequate educational opportunities in elementary and high school, careers inscience and engineering (S&E) become beyond the reach of students who might

Conference Session

New Research and Trends for Minorities in Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Presentacion Rivera-Reyes, Utah State University; Raymond Edward Boyles, Utah State University; Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

maintaining its status as an advanced industrialized nation. TheU.S. could lose its scientific and technological competitive edge over other industrializedcountries over the next few decades because of the lack of a labor force in technological fields. A Page 25.989.3study by the NSF in 1996 reported that during their last year of high school, male students weremore than three times as likely to pursue an engineering career, as compared to femalestudents [30]. Some researchers believe that increasing the interest of female students inengineering fields should increase participation of women in engineering careers.Researchers are searching for

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory A. Hixson, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; James J. Pembridge, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

(VTECC). Her research focuses on communica- tion in engineering design, interdisciplinary communication, and collaboration, and design education. She was awarded a CAREER grant from NSF to study expert teaching practices in capstone design courses nationwide and is Co-PI on several NSF grants to explore identity and interdisciplinary collaboration in engineering design.Mr. James J. Pembridge, Virginia Tech Page 25.283.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Capstone Design Faculty Motivation: Motivational Factors for Teaching the Capstone Design Course

Conference Session

FPD VI: Presenting "All the Best" of the First-year Programs Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeff M. Citty , University of Florida; Angela S. Lindner, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

, in road construction, and this work began her environmentally focused ca- reer path. She served as a Chemical Engineer at the Office of Mobile Sources of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Ann Arbor, Mich., from 1987-1989 and as a Senior Project Leader in International Regulations at General Motors Corporation in Warren, Mich., from 1989-1991. She subsequently pursued her Ph.D. in civil and environmental engineering at the University of Michigan from 1991-1998, under the mentorship of Dr. Peter Adriaens and Dr. Jeremy Semrau, and her dissertation topic focused on bioreme- diation and oxidation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by methane-oxidizing bacteria. Lindner began her academic career at UF

Conference Session

Computer Science-related Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Korey L. Sewell, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Jeff Ringenberg, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

parallel programming or object-oriented design. It is also well known that engineering students are more likely to pursue andcomplete CS degrees if they perform well in their freshman programming courses. Consequently,the importance of stimulating long-term CS interest at the K-12 level cannot be understated.K-12 CS programs that dwell on the high-level benefits of a CS career can sometimesoverwhelm new students. Typically, these programs will introduce students to recent researchprojects or high-end products in the market. While these methods inspire interest in CS, they canalso be discouraging when students realize their introductory work (e.g. basic programming) isso far away from the advanced projects that were introduced.Alternatively

Conference Session

Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen W. Crown, University of Texas, Pan American

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

students inthis region, exposure to professional STEM careers will likely need to occur outside the home.Supplemental classroom and summer camp experiences that promote STEM play a critical rolein many students’ lives in these important transition years. Increasing the number of graduates in Page 25.1056.2STEM programs in South Texas will require encouraging and preparing underrepresentedminority middle and high school students through special programs focused on STEM. Onesuch program with proven success in attracting and preparing minority students is the Pre-freshman Engineering program (PREP). Nationally, attracting a greater number of students

Conference Session

Pedagogical Advancements in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ralph Ocon, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

AC 2012-4441: TEACHING CREATIVE THINKING USING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNINGProf. Ralph Ocon, Purdue University, Calumet Page 25.1245.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Teaching Creative Thinking Using Problem-Based LearningAbstractAs global competition and technological innovation continue to challenge businessorganizations, the ability to solve diverse and complex problems has become essential forstudents in every academic discipline. While pursuing their careers, technology andengineering students will soon realize that the development of creative problem solvingskills is fundamental for success in today’s

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering, Part II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quamrul H. Mazumder, University of Michigan, Flint

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

this study is to investigate the impact of how metacognition strategies can beutilized to improve the confidence level of students, which may affect academic performance andprofessional career choices.This study utilized quantitative analysis by measuring confidence levels with in-class surveysbefore and after lectures. Exam scores were recorded to measure the impact of the variablesusing non-parametric descriptive statistics, repeated measures correlation, and paired sample t-tests. The results demonstrated that all three groups (first generation students, female students,and students from different ethnic backgrounds) improved their confidence level and academicperformance through metacognition strategies. The utilization of metacognition

Conference Session

Engineering Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taryn Melkus Bayles, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Joshua A. Enszer, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Julia M. Ross, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, including making substantial gains in student achievement, closing achievement gaps,improving high school graduation rates, and ensuring student preparation for success in collegeand careers. Our state has focused its RTTT program to include STEM initiatives throughoutPreK-12 to teachers looking for new curricula with a STEM focus, which in turn has fosteredcollaborations among STEM high school teachers. As a result, a higher percent of scienceteachers attended our Professional Development (PD) workshop last summer and are currentlyusing our engineering design curricula in their traditional science classrooms. Further, one of thetechnology education teachers using our curriculum has partnered with physics and biologyteachers to provide supplemental

Conference Session

Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shamsnaz Virani, Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley; Iris B. Burnham, Da Vinci School for Science and the Arts

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

University of Alabama, Huntsville. Virani’s research interests include engineering education, empirical software quality, and cognitive perspectives of systems engineering teams. She teaches decision and risk analysis, software systems architecture, and systems integration, verification, and validation. She is a member of ASEE (American Society of Engineering Education) and IIE (Institute of Industrial Engineers).Ms. Iris B. Burnham, Da Vinci School for Science and the Arts Iris B. Burnham is the Founder and Superintendent of the Burnham Wood Charter School District in El Paso, Texas. The Da Vinci School serves grades 5-12 and has been designated an Innovative STEM Academy by the Texas Education Agency. Burnham ’s career

Conference Session

Impacts on Engineering Education Through Collaborative Learning, Project-based, and Service-learning

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brett Quentin Tempest, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Sandra Loree Dika, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Miguel A. Pando, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Samuel T. Lopez, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

International

developing inPeru. The paper presents an overview of some of the international service activities currentlyunderway which have resulted in good participation, and exceptionally strong interest by URMstudents. Students will be surveyed as to their desire to integrate service in their careers andways that involvement in the club has fulfilled these desires. On outline of such a surveyinstrument is presented. Page 25.834.2Introduction Engineering student retention represents a significant challenge in engineering education.Only about one half of students who enroll in engineering will actually earn an engineeringdegree1. This challenge is further

Conference Session

Attracting Young Minds: Part II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cameron Denson, Utah State University; Chandra Y. Austin, Auburn University; Christine E. Hailey, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

high school students and teachers as they apply engineering design processes to technological problems. She is also the Principal Investigator of ”The Influence of MESA Activities on Underrepresented Students,” a program funded by the DRK-12 program at NSF. This exploratory study examines the influences that those MESA activities have on students’ perception of engineering and their self-efficacy and interest in engineering and their subsequent decisions to pursue careers in engineering. Page 25.856.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Investigating

Conference Session

Developing Young Minds in Engineering: Part I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria M. Larrondo-Petrie, Florida Atlantic University; Ivan E. Esparragoza, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

project in 2004, recognizing that, although there aremany resources available to inform, motivate, fund, mentor, promote, and support minorities andwomen to pursue a career in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, but finding theseresources is not easy. MIND Links gathers and updates each year links to resources in anorganized manner that is useful for parents, students, professionals, academics andadministrators. Special attention is paid to provide useful resources to every stage of forming theengineer, including • Exploratory and motivational stage: K-12, enrichment activities, competitions • Preparatory: scholarships, fellowships, rankings of undergraduate and graduate engineering programs, internships

Conference Session

Four Pillars of Manufacturing Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugh Jack P.Eng., Grand Valley State University; Robert L. Mott, University of Dayton; Mark J. Stratton, Society of Manufacturing Engineers; Phil Waldrop, Georgia Southern University; Karen Wosczyna-Birch, CT College of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

5. Use certifications to empower employees and careersFinancial 5. Make programs relevant to industry to encourage more funding 8. Industry must support educators who want to teach new technologiesPipeline 10. Industries should preferentially hire manufacturing graduates 13. Support career pathways that do not include collegeMany of these goals are less about developing new initiatives and more about taking advantage of efforts Page 25.374.5that already exist. Some of the successes to date are listed below. • Recently the (US

Conference Session

Construction Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yilmaz Hatipkarasulu, University of Texas, San Antonio; Suat Gunhan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Pardis Pishdad-Bozorgi, University of Texas, San Antonio; Jude W.P. Patin, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Construction

with information received from the industry representatives.Detailed feedback are collected through survey instruments form the companies that hire full-time employees or interns from the program. In addition, the program’s Industry AdvisoryCouncil annually reviews the content and delivery of the construction courses through theirCurriculum Committee. The student review elements include student evaluation of individualcourses, specially designed exit surveys for graduating seniors, and alumni surveys for thegraduates five and ten year into their careers. The paper also includes discussion about thechallenges of defining a common terminology for the different assessment elements and creatingthe data collection system using

Conference Session

National and Multi-university Initiatives

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Owe G. Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering; William M. Jordan, Baylor University; R. Radharamanan, Mercer University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

nest,the question is what did we prepared them to do? Where might they go and what do wehope/expect them to do? Hence, the sequential process of program development is: • ABET Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) are broad statements that describe the expected career and professional accomplishments of the first several years following graduation that the program prepared the graduates for. • Student Outcomes (SOs) constitute the body of knowledge of what students are expected to know and attributes they will have developed by the time of graduation such that they will have the capability to successfully fulfill the program objectives. • Program Curriculum is the last piece of the process and is developed to

Conference Session

Attracting Young Minds: Part I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aurenice Menezes Oliveira, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

pipeline into the STEM fields for low-income and/or minority, first-generation-to-consider-college, and rural students [2]. As of2007, 52% of the current STEM workforce had reached at least 50 years of age. TheBureau of Labor Statistics projects job growth of 22% for STEM occupations between2004 and 2014 [1]. Nearly all the major STEM groups are expected to have about the samerate of growth as the national average of 13%. Most of the highest-growth occupationsrequire a postsecondary education. Increasing the STEM workforce will be of particularimportance within the next decade as the U.S. is dealing with large infrastructure andmaintenance needs. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics has stated that, over the course of anaverage career, an individual

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students - Diversity and Assessment

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sylvanus N. Wosu, University of Pittsburgh; Devdas M. Pai, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Minorities in Engineering

failure. His other research interests include experimental nuclear medical physics, laser-based medical physics research in cerebral metabolic pathways of oxygen, petro physics, and petroleum fluid character- ization of reservoirs.Dr. Devdas M. Pai, North Carolina A&T State University Devdas Pai teaches and conducts research on manufacturing processes and materials engineering. Pai has lead effective education outreach activities under the ERC initiatives and implemented several pre- college programs to motivate and better pre-URM students for STEM careers. He has won several service awards including the NC A&T State University Outstanding Teacher Award for College of Engineering, ASME Region IV Faculty Advisor

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Transportation and Geotechnical Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rhonda K. Young, University of Wyoming; Kristen L. Sanford P.E., Lafayette College; Shashi S. Nambisan P.E., Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

with students. His advisees have developed successful professional careers at universities or in the private and public sectors. Many of them serve in leadership positions in profes- sional societies. He has taught 18 different undergraduate and graduate courses related to transportation, as well as undergraduate capstone design courses. Nambisan also has been very active in leadership roles of several professional societies and organizations, such as the American Society of Civil Engi- neers (ASCE), American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), Council of University Transporta- tion Centers (CUTC), Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), and the Transportation Research Board (TRB). His current

Conference Session

Lessons Learned through Community Engagement of Engineering Students

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John J. Duffy, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Emmanuelle Reynaud, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Manuel A. Heredia, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

enhances the positive effects 17. Page 25.1473.2Astin et al. found with longitudinal data of 22,000 students that service-learning had significantpositive effects on 11 outcome measures: academic performance (GPA, writing skills, criticalthinking skills), values (commitment to activism and to promoting racial understanding), self-efficacy, leadership (leadership activities, self-rated leadership ability, interpersonal skills), choiceof a service career, and plans to participate in service after college. In all measures except self-efficacy, leadership, and interpersonal skills service-learning was found to be significantly moreeffective than

Conference Session

Creative and Cross-disciplinary Methods Part I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean Hertzberg, University of Colorado, Boulder; Bailey Renee Leppek, University of Colorado, Boulder; Kara E. Gray, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

was an unknown quantity to ourstudents, a disproportionate number of women M.E. students enrolled in it, both graduate and undergraduate.Since then it has been so popular with both male and female students that it fills up immediately, and itsdemographics reflect our student population. The hypothesis that women might be influenced by the aestheticsof mechanical engineering is supported by recent work by Cheryan et al, 30,31 who found that women instereotypically male environments (containing ‘Star Trek’ posters and soda cans) , either physical or virtual,were much less interested in computer science careers than women in environments that conveyed ‘ambientbelonging’, such as water bottles and art on the walls. We summarize our