Conference Session

Teaching Methods for the 21st Century: Part 1

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Savage, California Polytechnic State University; Linda Vanasupa, California Polytechnic State University; Jonathan Stolk, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Materials

learning. In this report, we will share the methodologies that we havedeveloped and adopted for implementing PBL throughout our entire undergraduate curriculum.A Project-based Learning CurriculumAt Cal Poly, we have had a long tradition of utilizing active-learning techniques; about one-half(53-percent) of the hours in materials engineering courses are spent in a laboratory setting.However, over the past two years we have initiated a large-scale transformation of ourundergraduate materials engineering curriculum from a lecture/lab based format to a formatwhere approximately 80% of our courses are based on active-learning pedagogy2-9. This redesigninvolves a major change from traditional subject-based courses to project-based and problem-based

Conference Session

New trends in ECE education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Agnieszka Miguel, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

their homework computer assignments and the final course project.When hands-on experimentation is implemented in image processing courses, it isusually via computer laboratory assignments done after the class meets. However, in theauthor’s opinion this “waiting period” between the time the knowledge is acquired andthe time it is applied through hands-on activities in unnecessary and may negativelyaffect student learning. Students are more likely to understand and retain the theory if it isillustrated with immediate hands-on experiments. In the course described here, studentswere given the chance to practice the theory at the same time as they were learning it.The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. The context of the DIP course is

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omnia El-Hakim, Colorado State University

Mathematics Scholarships (CSEMS) 5. XCEL Energy Foundation. 6. Colorado Institute of Technology. 7. U.S. Army Unite Jets Program for High School Students. 8. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (c)Thesis Advisor George, Carmen (2005), M.Sc. – Environmental Health Hall, Kendy (2004), M.Sc. – Physics Wilson, Christopher (2005), M.Sc. – Construction Management (d)Postgraduate-Scholar Sponsor Sonya LeFebre (2004), Ph.D. - Ecology Page 11.930.2© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Rocky Mountain Math Science PartnershipBackground/GoalsThe Rocky Mountain

Conference Session

Gender and Accessibility Issues in K-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Uchechukwu Abanulo; Ananth Iyer; John Helferty, College of Engineering, Temple University; Joseph Fischgrund, The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

the Federal government to enhance engineering awareness amongstpre-college adolescents. Participants are normally 9th to 12th graders from high schools in and aroundPhiladelphia, who have been observed by their teachers to possess characteristics that might makethem inclined towards engineering. This course introduces to the students some basic concepts ofelectrical and computer engineering in addition to the extensive laboratory experience gained whilethey assemble and program autonomous robots. At the end of the program, participants are expectedto have a background in topics such as resistive-capacitive circuits, diodes, transistors, operationalamplifiers and timer circuits, programmable microcontroller interfacing, photoresistors

Conference Session

Assessing Perceptions of Engineers and Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reginald Hobbs, Tufts University; Nataliia Perova, Tufts University; Igor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Chris Rogers, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

are better able toconstruct meaning in practical ways so that knowledge can be applied outside of school settings.Howard Gardner developed the idea of multiple intelligences: several different kinds ofintelligence exist in humans, each relating to a different area of human life and activity.10 Anylearning environment can be organized to draw on most of Gardner’s multiple intelligences byincluding a variety of learning activities, such as lectures rich with visual information,discussions that promote student–student interactions, group projects that allow for creativeelements and laboratory investigations that engage learners in the physical doing of science.11This module with its hands-on application, discussions based upon observation, and

Conference Session

New trends in ECE education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Jacobson, Iowa State University; Nate Evans, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Blue and Red Teams (assuming the reports were not intercepted).Bibliography1. Doug Jacobson, “Teaching Information Warfare with a Break-in Laboratory”, Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education, Salt Lake City, June 2004.2. L.J. Hoffman and D. Ragsdale, “Exploring a National Cyber Security Exercise for Colleges and Universities”, tech. report CSPRI-04-08, Cyber Security Policy and Research Inst. Aug 2004, www.cpi.seas.gwu.edu/library/docs/2004-08.pdf3. L.J Hoffman and D. Ragsdale, “Exploring a National Cybersecurity Exercise for Universities”, IEEE Security and Privacy, Volume 3, Number 5, September 2005, pg27-33.4. InfraGard, www.infragard.net5. Iowa State University Information Assurance

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Steve Lappenbusch, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 11.1346.12AcknowledgementsThis work has been supported by the National Science Foundation through grant REC-0238392,Using portfolios to promote knowledge integration in engineering education. The authors wishto thank all members of the Laboratory for User-Centered Engineering Education for theinsightful reviews and comments that helped to shape this paper.References1. Lappenbusch, S., & Turns, J. (2005). Finding their place in TC: using a community of practice model to research emerging TC professionals. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Professional Communication, Limerick, Ireland.2. Guan, Z., Yellin, J.M., Turns, J., and Kumar, V. (2005). User-centered design of course-based portfolios for mechanical engineering

Conference Session

Professional Development Programs for Teachers

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelly Bradley, University of Kentucky; Janet Lumpp, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

College of Engineering, College of Education, publictelevision station (KET), local industry (SMC, Inc.), naval research laboratory (Crane NSWC),local school district (Fayette County Public Schools), and Appalachian school districts in EasternKentucky, and are connected by in-service teachers at various career stages. The connection ofteachers across disciplines at different career stages has had initial success as recent KEEP PDworkshops trained several teachers from the same school representing math and sciencedepartments. Following Simon’s cycles of learning, our PD format emphasizes the “modeling”phase where each step is demonstrated and repeated. The “scaffolded practice” phase has beenused to help teachers overcome the confidence barrier

Conference Session

Student Teams and Design Skills

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamara Moore, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University; P.K. Imbrie, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

in Table 1. The MEA wascompleted in a computer laboratory setting with the students working both individually and inteams of 3 to 4 students. The students had twenty minutes to do the individual portion and onehour to complete the team portion of the MEA. The students begin by reading the entire MEAindividually. When students work this problem, the individual warm-up activity (the last sectionof Table 1) requires that the students think about the problem and provides the students time toorganize their thoughts before setting out to solve the problem with their team members. Thestudent teams then re-read the problem statement and develop the model for their procedure. Table 1. Factory Layout MEA

Conference Session

K-12 Programs for Recruiting Women

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan DeWaters, Clarkson University; Susan Powers, Clarkson University; Mary Graham, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

materials as fine and coarse aggregates, and measure their compressive strength during afield trip to Clarkson University’s Civil Engineering testing laboratory. The strength results areevaluated, together with additional qualitative criteria, with a matrix approach that demonstratesthe use of a multi-criteria engineering decision making process. Students ultimately select theirbest choice of waste aggregate material and produce their final product. Table 2. Environmental Problem Solving Curriculum: Converting nonbiodegradable solid waste into a usable product 1. Define our problem: Introduction to Problems associated with Solid Waste ‚ Definitions and statistics about solid waste generation, including an

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Bunting, Oklahoma State University; Alan Cheville, Oklahoma State University

defined roles (Gantt chart). The second stage begins when a team’s proposal isaccepted and they are given access to the resources needed to implement their solution.This phase of evaluating understanding may involve building a solution or characterizingthe device they designed during the proposal phase. To make this experience as authenticas possible, teams choose the equipment they need from an on-line catalog common tothe entire electrical engineering program, and set it up on a bare laboratory bench. The Page 11.576.11price of all equipment is listed since teams assume ownership of, and responsibility for,the equipment and supplies they check out

Conference Session

Standards Based Approaches to K -12 Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kazem Kazerounian, University of Connecticut; David M. Moss, University of Connecticut; David Giblin, University of Connecticut; Elias Faraclas, University of Connecticut; Cathi Koehler, University of Connecticut

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

“cookbook” laboratory exercises assigned by the teacher. For example, in atypical physical science class, students “solve problems” that determine the voltage needed for2mA of current through two 50Ω resistors. As we were investigating how engineering might beintegrated into science frameworks, we were searching for evidence where students woulddevelop their own circuit diagrams based on the physical fluid system and determine data basedon reasonable assumptions that they have made about their design to solve the given problem. Asstudents design products within constraints of their given requirements, they can make intelligentdecisions by weighing trade-offs for an efficient design. This is how an engineer operates whenposed with a problem

Conference Session

Student Teams and Design Skills

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gül Okudan, Pennsylvania State University; Madara Ogot, Pennsylvania State University; Girish Rao, SPRINT

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Moreover, thiswas an analysis of design activities in actual practice, unlike laboratory experiments whichmight alter designer behavior and strategies.During stage I, students were required to analyze the current offerings in the market andredesign an electric toothbrush that will better meet needs of the targeted population. Theywere expected to begin with a customer needs assessment, complete a literature search,product dissection and benchmarking, generate and select a viable concept, and end withdetailed design specifications. The deliverables included a progress report four weeks into theproject, and a final design document and presentation at the end of the seven week period.The design documentations of the eight design teams were reviewed

Conference Session

Energy Resources, Efficiency, and Conservation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarma Pisupati, Pennsylvania State University; Wendy Mahen, PennSylvania State University; Mark Deluca, Pennsylvania State University; Martin Gutowski, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

course was the location where they take the exams. Studentswere allowed to take quizzes and exams at home. Students who opted to come to aclassroom were given an opportunity to come to a computer laboratory at a scheduledtime to take the exams. Although the average time students took to complete was only75% of the time given, several students felt that the time provided was not enough tocomplete quizzes and exams. However, it is also important to note that no one was able toscore 100% on any exam.The students were required to do a project and prepare a webpage on their findings sothat the rest of the class members can learn their findings. This was one of the ways topresent their work to other students in an online course. Two help sessions to

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Rywalt, Florida Tech; John Hadjilogiou, Florida Tech

interfacing with the box. b. Acquiring a good understanding of the resources in the box, and their uses, in order to develop the flowchart for meeting the stated objective. c. Output devices and their interface with the box.To accomplish part a., students are introduced to input devices. Switches are very basiccomponents with a wide variety of configurations. However, the students need toexperience some of the switches characteristics in a laboratory environment. Temperatureswitches, analog input devices and keypads were used in most of the projects. For thepart c the students are introduced to output devices. In their projects, students primarilyuse alphanumeric displays as output devices, along with LEDs and seven segment

Conference Session

The Senior Experience: Capstone and Beyond

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Niehaus, University of Cincinnati; Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Center duplicate a typical design office in a civilengineering firm. To assist teams during their planning sessions, the Center also has aconferencing area, complete with a 50 inch plasma screen Smart-Board. The CEE Departmentcoordinated with the CEE Alumni Advisory Board's Facilities and Equipment Committee toraise $65,000 ($55,000 in cash and $10,000 in pledges) to establish this self-contained designand production laboratory. The lab was dedicated on October 9, 2003 by UC President NancyZimpher. The equipment and software provided in the Center are: Page 11.1008.8 Hardware Software

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean Nocito-Gobel, University of New Haven; Samuel Daniels, University of New Haven; Michael Collura, University of New Haven

,laboratory investigation, data analysis and model development. Students go on to buildsubstantial depth in some of the foundation areas, while other topics may not be furtherdeveloped, depending on their chosen discipline. Thus the foundation courses serve both as thebasis for depth in disciplinary study and as part of the broad multidisciplinary background.During a three year period, a team of faculty at the University of New Haven has developed theMultidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral curriculum concept, including a set of ten newcourses. Several of the first year courses were run in pilot form in the 2003-2004 academic year.The new curriculum has been fully adopted by programs in Chemical, Civil, Mechanical andGeneral Engineering

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Gaughran, University of Limerick; Thomas Waldmann, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick

cost effective means of data collection.Participants were requested during their initial laboratory session (Introduction toComputers module) to access the questionnaire and complete all aspects. Students weregiven one week to ensure correct completion of the questionnaire, as stratified samplingtook place at the beginning of the following week. On submission of the questionnaire alldata was immediately transferred to the research database.Index of learning stylesThe 36 questions were administrated electronically to all participants. The followinginstructions were given to the participants before commencing: • All questions must be answered. • If both answers apply select the one that applies most frequently

Conference Session

MIND Education Trends

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Dana Newell, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Fall 03 Fall 04 Fall 05 (14/29) (21/23) (14/20) 48.28% 91.3% 70.0%1. Textbook/supplementary material in support of the course. 4.31 3.95 3.862. Value of assigned homework in support of course topics. 4.14 3.90 3.573. Value of laboratory assignments/projects in support of the 4.36 3.95 3.75course topics.4. Reasonableness of exams and quizzes in covering course 4.21 4.18 4.00 Page 11.732.11material.5. Weight given to

Conference Session

Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Everett, University of Texas-El Paso; Arunkumar Pennathur, University of Texas-El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Cincinnati, with specialization in human factors engineering. Dr. Pennathur's interests are in the science of learning in engineering education. Dr. Pennathur has considerable expertise in human behavioral research methods. He has developed human behavior and performance models in personnel skills and training for advanced electromechanical troubleshooting and fault-finding tasks, disability models in older adults (work funded by NIH), and modeling physical and mental workload for soldier safety and performance (work funded by the US Army Research Laboratory jointly with Fort Bliss and William Beaumont Army Medical Center). These projects have all included extensive instrumentation, calibration, and

Conference Session

BME Assessment and the VaNTH ERC

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Blanchard, Florida Gulf Coast University; James Sweeney, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

minimum of four (4) recognized major civil engineering areas (Remembering); the ability to conduct laboratory experiments and to critically analyze and interpret data in more than one of the recognized major civil engineering areas; the ability to perform civil engineering design by means of design experiences integrated throughout the professional component of the curriculum (Creating); and an understanding of professional practice issues such as: procurement of work, bidding versus quality-based selection processes, how the design professionals and the construction professions interact to

Conference Session

Engineering, Engineers and Setting Public Policy

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Reisel, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

and report format, but as the styles improved for the Policies, it issurmised that the students primarily need to be reminded about proper report writing style. Thestudents were able to provide meaningful information to, and learn from, each other. Thestudents do need more education on how to assess information, and some need more educationon how to research topics.Benefits of the Public Policy ProjectFrom an engineering education viewpoint, there are a number of benefits that are achieved withthis project. First, students are given a project experience that goes beyond the standard designor laboratory projects. Decisions in their future will be made for reasons other than onlytechnological merit. This project gives students the opportunity

Conference Session

ChE: Innovations in the Classroom

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University; Richard Felder, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

points, Antoine constants, heats of fusion and vaporization at the normal melting and boiling points, and heat capacity as a function of temperature. If some of these properties are missing for your chosen species, choose a different species with complete physical properties. (b) Several examples of industrial uses of the species. (c) Toxicity data and environmental hazards associated with the species. (d) At least three companies that manufacture the species. (e) Worldwide demand and/or sales. (f) Unit pricing ($/kg, $/gal, etc.) Your figure should reflect bulk pricing, not pricing of small units from laboratory supply firms such as Fisher Scientific.2. From the textbook index, select a topic that begins with

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tomas Enrique Estrada, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

lecturing. We closeeach area with a succinct “bottom line” for quick reference on practical steps towards achievingthe performance zone.Focus area #1: Pre-lecture stress managementAs new faculty, we face many challenges and stressors, some of which are the same we haveexperienced since graduate school: deadlines for a conference or journal paper, pressure from adifficult co-worker, etc. There are others which might be new: dealing with schedule issues foradvisees, learning the lay of the land in terms of how the college or university operates, or evenfiguring out how to contact the department’s technician when laboratory equipmentmalfunctions. Additionally, there are other stressors that do not necessarily relate to the job itself,but which can

Conference Session

Mentoring Minority Students

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frances Carter-Johnson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Patricia Ordóñez, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras ; Renetta G. Tull, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC); Miguel Alfonso Nino, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Paper ID #7626Examining the Intersection of Graduate Student Funding, Mentoring andTraining as a Mechanism of Success for Peer Mentors and their MenteesDr. Frances Carter-Johnson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dr. Carter-Johnson is responsible for research and evaluation of several undergraduate education ini- tiatives at MIT in her role as a Postdoctoral Associate for Educational Research in the Teaching and Learning Laboratory. She completed her PhD in Public Policy with a concentration in evaluation and an- alytical methods from the University of Maryland Baltimore County. As a result of years of academic and

Conference Session

Computer Hardware and Simulation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Man Wang, Michigan Technological University; Jun Tao, Michigan Technological University; Chaoli Wang, Michigan Technological University; Ching-Kuang Shene, Michigan Technological University; Seung Hyun Kim, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

], topology-based [4], partition-based [5], and illustration-based [6]visualizations have been presented. To design FlowVisual, we focus on integration-based flowvisualization as it is most widely used in practice. For integration-based flow visualization,particles or seeds are placed in a vector field and advected over time. The traces or field-linesthat the particles follow, e.g., streamlines for steady flow and pathlines for unsteady flow, depictthe underlying vector data.Teaching the core concepts of fluid dynamics has not significantly changed over the years. Onlya few published works have discussed some recent advances. Hertzberg and Sweetman [7]designed a flow visualization course to focus on studio/laboratory experiences for mixed teamsof

Conference Session

Accreditation, Program Evaluation, and Education Resource's Impact in Latin America

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edmundo Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CIF Q2818015F; Jorge A. Lopez-Vargas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; Nelson O Piedra, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja; Janneth Alexandra Chicaiza, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja

Tagged Divisions

International

Computer Science UTPL. He is a member of Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Web and Knowledge Based Systems of UTPL, and director of thesis projects third level (related to Semantic Web Services, Web 2.0 and Social Network Analysis). He has conducted research in Open Educational Resources Online, Knowledge Representation Models and Social Network Analysis. Lopez-Vargas is a scholarship holder of the National Secretariat of Sci- ence and Technology (SENESCYT). In the Projects Unit and Systems UPSI - UTPL, he was an Analyst / Programmer Academic Management System, until 2004.Mr. Nelson O Piedra, Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaProf. Janneth Alexandra Chicaiza, Universidad T´ecnica Particular de Loja

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Education Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abby M Kelly, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; David Jones, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Roger Michael Hoy, University of Nebraska; Evan Curtis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Angela Kaye Pannier, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Richard R. Stowell P.E., University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

Page 23.697.4course culminates in a written technical report and an oral presentation given to the department,their fellow students, and clients. Some previous capstone projects include: a stream restorationproject, development of an integrated energy and production system for a swine finishingoperation, design of a 3D imaging system for orthotic production, design of a standing columnwell for geothermal energy, development of a post-hole digger evaluation device, design of aradiation shield for the hepatic artery, design and development of a quarter-scale tractor, designof an automated weight filling mechanism for a pilot-scale ice cream manufacturer, design andinstatilliation of a laboratory-scale water pump facility, and design of a

Conference Session

Communication and Engineering Careers: Motivating Our Students

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie E. Sharp, Vanderbilt University; Christopher J Rowe, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

-lessons.html#storylink=misearch.3. Ingle, Jemima, Leonard Uitenham, and Geoff Bothun. “Professional Development Programs as Key Components of an Undergraduate Research and Development Program.” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Chicago, Ill. (June 16-21 2006).4. Scott, Elaine P., Denise Wilson, and Rebecca A. Bates. “Integrating Professional Development Modules in the Engineering Curriculum.” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, San Antonio, Texas, (June 10-13, 2012).5. Sharp, Julie E., “Interview Skills Training in the Chemical Engineering Laboratory: Transporting a Pilot Project,” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Introducing New Methodologies and the Incoming Students to Engineering Programs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salahuddin Qazi, State University of New York, Institute of Tech.; Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University (ENG); Qaiser H Malik, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Pakistan University

Tagged Divisions

International

) decided to create major endowments for each of thegovernment engineering universities in order to promote research. In 2002 the Government ofPakistan established Higher Education Commission (HEC). It gave the highest priority toengineering sciences by adopting new measures and allocating funds to strengthen theengineering institutions, updating libraries, laboratories and computing facilities. Thousands of Page 23.734.4students were sent abroad for PhDs. In the subsequent 9-year period, from 2002 to 2011, fourthousand PhDs were produced and the number of engineering institutions increased to sixty nine.These efforts also resulted in bringing the