Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Diversity 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jumoke 'Kemi' Ladeji-Osias, Morgan State University; Oludare Adegbola Owolabi P.E., Morgan State University; Krishna Bista, Morgan State University; Uttam Gaulee; Ayodeji B. Wemida, Morgan State University; Steve Efe, Morgan State University; Akinyele Oni, Morgan State University; Adedayo Ariyibi, Morgan State University; Caroline Gathigia Ndirangu, Morgan State University; Emmanuel Olamidotun Olanrewaju, Morgan state university; Seong Lee, Morgan State University; Oludayo Samuel Alamu, Morgan State University; Mehdi Shokouhian, Morgan State University; Sotonye Ikiriko, Morgan State University; Antony Kinyua, Morgan State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

- tion and Infrastructure Engineering Research. He obtained his Doctor of Engineering in Civil Engineering with a major in Structural Engineering and minor in Construction from Morgan State University. He has more than 15 years of outstanding experience in practicing, teaching, and research in civil and transporta- tion engineering. He is experienced in project management, inspection and construction supervision, adaptive materials and construction techniques, high performance material testing and simulations, mate- rial modeling and computational mechanics. His major areas of research interest are structural engineer- ing, construction, sustainable infrastructure, new material development, physical and numerical modeling

Conference Session

Engineering in Middle Schools

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tris West, Lewisburg Area School District; Abe Feuerstein, Bucknell University; Steven Shooter, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

retention14. 1While many benefits to product dissection have been identified, there exist several challenges:(1) start-up and maintenance costs, (2) space for disassembly and storage, (3) preparation ofeducational materials and activities, and (4) access to more complex products such as copiers,refrigerators or automobiles. In response a partnership of nine universities with 32 faculty hasassembled to establish a National Engineering Dissection Cyber-Collaboratory that builds on theCIBER-U project15 and is supported by the National Science Foundation’s CI-TEAM program.The goals of this CI-Team implementation project include: 1. Deploying a cyber-collaboratory to support physical and virtual dissection

Conference Session

Innovations in the ChE Laboratory

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Taconi, University of Alabama, Huntsville; R. Michael Banish, University of Alabama, Huntsville

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Transport Equipment, Unit Operations Lab I and II, and a split-level course in bioseparations. She also focuses on development and implementation of biofuels-related problems, projects, and labs into the undergraduate curriculum.R. Michael Banish, University of Alabama, Huntsville Dr. R. Michael Banish is an Associate Professor of Chemical and Materials Engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. He received his Ph.D in Material Science and Engineering in 1992. After working in the Center for Microgravity and Materials Research at UA Huntsville, Dr. Banish joined the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering in 2003. Dr. Banish's primary research focus is evaluating crystal

Conference Session

Utilizing On-Line Technology in Entrepreneurship Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Arrasmith, Florida Tech; Jihan Dinally, Florida Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. Platform issues such as multiple or single users, directed in-gameinteraction by an educator, remote site multi-user interaction over the internet, and asynchronouslearning are also addressed.In keeping with the systems engineering basis, the roots of this video game knowledge module,we will be outlining our project using a system engineering approach. The discussion will startby briefly describing the stakeholders’ requirements and goals, followed by the concept ofoperations. The stakeholder requirements and concept of operations are used to derive thesystem level requirements along with technical performance measures and a qualificationstrategy2. Next the feasibility studies, functional analysis, and design and prototype developmentsections

Conference Session

Physics Education Research (PER) Relevant for Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mel Sabella, Chicago State University; Stephanie Barr, Chicago State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2008-84: IMPLEMENTING RESEARCH–BASED INSTRUCTIONALMATERIALS TO PROMOTE COHERENCE IN PHYSICS KNOWLEDGE FORTHE URBAN STEM STUDENT.Mel Sabella, Chicago State University Mel S. Sabella is an Associate Professor of Physics at Chicago State University (CSU). His interests focus on improving STEM education for underrepresented students. Sabella is the director of an NSF – CCLI project that integrates research-based instructional material in the introductory urban physics classroom. He is also director of the Physics Van Inservice Institute, part of a project supported by the Illinois Board of Higher Education. Sabella earned his PhD. in Physics Education Research from the University of Maryland

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Steve Lappenbusch, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

soughtmembership in their engineering field and openly wondered if their engineering curriculumprovided opportunities for illustrating that membership and for considering how far they havecome in becoming engineers. On numerous occasions, students doubted how well items such ascourse lab reports or projects represented their skills and abilities as engineers. Not only doesthis take their work in the professional engineering portfolio course out of the rhetorical andsquarely into content problem solving, but it illustrates that students who were creatingprofessional engineering portfolios were able to create a space in which they could potentiallyformatively question both their own progress and development as engineers and their pastcoursework’s

Conference Session

IE Program Design I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Batson, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

Performance IndicatorsCourse (percentage)Gradebooks Fall 1999 and every semester thereafter: Course average lab score for: ‚ IE 253 ‚ IE 351 ‚ IE 321 Course writing skills average score for: ‚ IE 351 ‚ IE 431 (461) ‚ IE 463 Project I ‚ IE 463 Project II ‚ IE 485 Project Course oral presentation average score for: ‚ IE 464 ‚ IE 463 Project II (client

Conference Session

Mathematics in the Transition

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

William Robinson; Demetris Geddis; Adam Austin; Donna Llewellyn; Marion Usselman

students and teachersbenefited from using laboratory activities to demonstrate specific principles such as linearity andtrigonometric functions.1. IntroductionAs our society becomes increasingly technology oriented, we depend ever more upon a solideducational foundation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Dr.Robert Moses, Director of the Algebra Project, argues that proficiency in mathematics isrequired as a functional member of society: “In the Age of Computers, Algebra is a passport forpassage into virtually every avenue of the job market and every street of schooling.”[1]Trigonometric functions are also used throughout science and engineering. Unfortunately,research presented by Hsiu-Zu Ho describes a “math anxiety

Conference Session

Faculty Career Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna P. Carpenter, Louisiana Tech University; D. Patrick O'Neal, Louisiana Tech University; Lori L. Bakken, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

of Engineering and Science at Louisiana Tech University. Prior to moving to academia in 2005, he led several industrial nanomedicine-based development projects as PI on NSF (SBIR), NIH (STTR), and NIST (ATP) grants. With a research focus in biomedical optics, he has published peer-reviewed articles in basic cancer research, biomedical electro-optic instrumentation, clinical cancer therapies, and mathemati- cal techniques for dealing with complex biological systems. Based on experiences instructing courses like Biomedical Engineering Senior Design and his previous experience in the medical device industry, he has developed a strong interest in optimizing gender interactions and productivity in engineering projects and

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics & Structural Modeling Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vincent Sabatini, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Ryle Maxson, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Darris White, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Jack McKisson, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; William Haupfear, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

design the vehicle in a real-worldatmosphere. Sponsors of the competition provide teams with the engineering tools andequipment needed to create a realistic vehicle design project. Using these tools the ERAU team,the EcoEagles, have devised a Power-Split EREV propulsion system. The team will build aprototype vehicle that will be tested at GM’s Desert Proving Grounds in Yuma, Arizona andMilford Proving Grounds in Detroit, Michigan.Vehicle electrification is a major component of the vehicle design. The team designed around a25-mile electric range, which provides a significant benefit for most consumers. The averagecommuter (50%) drives less than 40 km per day. This means that a consumer using theEcoEagles vehicle almost never has to use the diesel

Conference Session

Post BS Entrepreneurship Education Needs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Barbe, University of Maryland; James Green, University of Maryland; Dean Chang, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Engineering and industry in the State of Maryland. Initialprograms included: • On-campus incubator opened in temporary buildings and moved to a permanent building in 1998 • Program to establish industrially oriented laboratories • Manufacturing extensionIn 1987, a new program was added to facilitate R&D projects for Maryland companies, carriedout on campus by faculty and graduate students – Maryland Industrial Partnerships (MIPS).Since 1999, Mtech’s entrepreneurship programs have evolved significantly with the followingtimeline:1999 Hinman CEOs residential program for juniors and seniors2001 Technology Startup Boot Camp University of Maryland Business Plan Competition

Conference Session

Computer Gaming and Virtual Reality for Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Jaurez, National University; Peilin Fu, National University; Ronald Uhlig, National University, San Diego; Shekar Viswanathan, Ph.D., M.B.A., P.E., received a Bachelor of Technology in chemical

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

new games) in order to enhance the learning ofwireless communication systems and technologies through experience with real worldrelationships, theoretical and physical, within the game systems and simulations.Marrying course methodologies from the Video Game Design curriculum in the School of Mediaand Communication with the content and subject matter of the School of Engineering andTechnology seemed both novel and challenging, and offered the promise of unique outcomesthat would significantly enhance learning by providing “virtual apprenticeships” to engineeringgraduate students. The overarching concept was influenced by Shaffer’s3 work on epistemicgames, but, this project went further by introducing the concept of video games designed by

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Vernengo, Rowan University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Jennifer Kadlowec, Rowan University; Johannes Strobel, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

– Module DevelopmentABSTRACTDue to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular and orthopedic disorders in today’s modernsociety, there is a necessity to engineer biomaterials that improve the quality of life for peoplewith painful and debilitating diseases. This will require educational institutions to providespecialized instruction in these areas. Yet, there have been relatively few published reports onbiomaterials and tissue engineering-related lab activities, and existing activities lack a foundationin materials science. A primary deliverable of this project is to address this need and thusstrengthen science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education by developinginteractive experiments that introduce tissue engineering through a

Conference Session

Sustainability

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Katherine Watson, The Citadel; Joshua Pelkey, AirWatch; Michael Owen Rodgers, Georgia Institute of Technology; Caroline R. Noyes, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

, she has been involved in research projects to develop, refine, and apply innovative assessment tools for characterizing student knowledge of sustainability. Her ultimate goal is to use this assessment data to guide the design and evaluation of educational interventions to improve undergraduate sustainability education. In the area of bioprocessing, Dr. Watson has experience using bacteria and algae to convert waste materials into high-value products, such as biofuels.Joshua Pelkey, AirWatch Joshua Pelkey is currently a product manager at AirWatch in Atlanta, GA. He completed his MS in Elec- trical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech and his BS in Computer Engineering from Clemson University. He has

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kemper Lewis, University at Buffalo, SUNY; Deborah A. Moore-Russo, University at Buffalo, SUNY; Ann F. McKenna, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Phillip M. Cormier, SUNY - University at Buffalo; Amy M. Johnson, Arizona State University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Wei Chen, Northwestern University; David W. Gatchell PhD, Northwestern University; Timothy W. Simpson, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Conrad Tucker, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Steven B. Shooter, Bucknell University; Charles Kim, Bucknell University; Christopher B. Williams, Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Paper ID #8971Assessment of Product Archaeology as a Framework for Contextualizing En-gineering DesignDr. Kemper Lewis, University at Buffalo, SUNY Kemper Lewis is a Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University at Buffalo - SUNY. He is the project PI for the collaborative NSF TUES grant, ”Assessment of Product Archaeology as a Framework for Contextualizing Engineering Design”. The project is a collaborative effort between the University at Buffalo - SUNY, Arizona State University, Penn State University, Northwestern University, Bucknell University, and Virginia Tech.Dr. Deborah A. Moore-Russo

Conference Session

WIED: Pre-College Student Experiences

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sruti Modekurty; Judy Fong, UC Davis; Harry H. Cheng, University of California, Davis

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

includingteamwork, presentation skills, leadership skills, self-assurance, and breaking gender stereotypes.Women professionals in various science and engineering fields also met and discussed with theparticipants helping them visualize a future career in STEM and gain exposure to the variety ofoptions available to them. As a culminating project the girls who participated in the camp createdmulti-media video presentations with robotics, similar to the RoboPlay Video Competition, andmade presentations in front of parents and peers. The girls were given robotics kits to take backto their middle schools so they can start computing and robotics clubs of their own. Coaches andassistant coaches continue to mentor girls over the academic school year to facilitate

Conference Session

Thermal Systems

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Pamela J. Théroux; Gary Gabriele; Brad Lister; Deborah Kaminski

; Silverman 1988). Through afunded project initiative to study student success through the lens of learning styles, a uniqueopportunity presented to gather data to corroborate differences in learning styles that, in turn,support student success. Ultimately, this research project aimed to be responsive to those learnerswhose learning style mismatched the traditional curricula and instructional mode. Page 10.508.2 Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2005, American Society for Engineering EducationMethodThe research was longitudinal in nature

Conference Session

Student Teams & Active Learning

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Bannerot

Session 2131 Characteristics of Good Team Players Richard Bannerot Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston AbstractWorking in teams, especially on multidisciplinary projects, is becoming more and morecommon in engineering as well as in other work environments. However, despite theimportance of “team-work” in engineering, there is little data on the characteristics of“good” and “poor” team players. This paper presents preliminary results from anongoing, horizontal study of this issue in two

Conference Session

Programming Issues for Engineering

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Friedman; Jerri Drakes

projectorganization, project work, work analysis, etc. are commonly based on the implicit assumptionsthat the necessary knowledge somehow exists, making the process of designing a system mainlya matter of extracting the knowledge from the participants, be it users or developers. More often Page 9.956.1than not, these assumptions do not hold. Therefore, development projects need to be Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering Educationtransformed from production processes to mutual learning processes. Learning must

Conference Session

Women in Engineering: Faculty/Curriculum

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Heidi Diefes-Dux; Brenda Capobianco; Judith Zawojewski; Margret Hjalmarson; P.K. Imbrie; Deborah Follman

different backgrounds and values to emerge as talented.Further, we believe that adapting these types of activities to engineering courses has the potentialto go beyond “filling the gaps” to “opening doors” to women in engineering. As part of an NSFfunded Gender-Equity project, four MEAs were implemented in a first-year problem solving andcomputer tools course at Purdue University in Fall 2002. This paper will describe the nature ofMEAs, overview the research methodology, and demonstrate evidence of curriculum reform atour institution.I. IntroductionOn the national scene, while overall enrollment and retention trends in engineering are alarmingin the face of a national need to increase the technology workforce, the National ScienceFoundation

Conference Session

Teaching Design

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Russell Frame

idea that when they become “real” engineers, they willperform static analysis as part of the design process. Instead of basing each problem on the textbook, some of the assignmentsperformed by the students should involve generating specifications for the design of alarger and more complex project. As the students make their way through theengineering program, they can carry along that project as a PDM file. While they areenrolled in a specific class, they can use the knowledge they gain to add to therequirements for their project. This not only reinforces the PLM method, but it allowsthe students to see the course material from a wider perspective, which should help themretain a greater percentage of the material being taught. Some

Conference Session

Technology, Communications & Ethics

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Stephen Silliman; Leo Hubbard McWilliams

. Theseinclude: • Student course evaluations. • Student retention and degree of satisfaction with the freshman engineering course. • The value of the demographic comparisons for curriculum assessment. • Direct student surveys regarding the ARS. • Course material covered and mastered in the senior/graduate course.Application in Freshman Engineering Course The College of Engineering has required a two-semester freshman engineering course for thepast four years. This course has been described and evaluated in prior ASEE publications (e.g.,Pieronek et al.10; Brockman et al.11) and will therefore only be outlined herein. The courseinvolves four projects over the two semesters. Each project, or module, is based on a

Conference Session

Instructional Technology

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven Cramer; Nancy Ciezki; Hussain Bahia

students areentering our classes with simple but powerful expectations; (a) I can, with reasonable effort,observe (see a visual image of) most complex behaviors and, (b) I should be able to do this atany time that I feel it is suitable for me, at any time I am ready for learning. (c) My time isvaluable. Teach me in a way that is most efficient for me. Cut to the most important things Ineed to know and convince me why I need to know them.Much has been written about distance learning and how degrees can be earned from offices andhomes. That is not what this paper is about. It is about optimizing time and learning with a mixof instructional delivery styles.This paper describes the first phase of a project to integrate visual and auditory tools in

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Ron Humble; Michael Caylor

Session 1302 Rocket Systems Engineering Education at the Undergraduate Level Michael J. Caylor, Ronald W. Humble United States Air Force Academy, COAbstractCadets and faculty at the U.S. Air Force Academy are designing and building a sounding rocketpowered by advanced hybrid propulsion. The eventual goal of the program is to launch a vehiclecarrying a small payload to an altitude greater than 50 miles thereby achieving "space." Senior-level cadets are developing a prototype rocket to meet these objectives as part of theirengineering curriculum. The primary objective of this capstone design project

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Curriculum and Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice F. Squires, Stevens Institute of Technology; Timothy L.J. Ferris, University of South Australia; Joseph J. Ekstrom, Brigham Young University; Mary D. VanLeer, Perceptive-Systems; Garry Roedler, Lockheed Martin

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

expressed concern about the level of preparedness of graduates.These two positions reflect opposite poles of the breadth versus depth spectrum, neither ofwhich, when pushed to the extreme, represents a satisfactory position. The team developing theCorBoK determined an intermediate position reflecting that all systems engineers work in aparticular specialization of systems engineering, but that for different graduates thatspecialization will be different, and that all graduates are first assigned work in which theycontribute to a project but are under the authority of more senior systems engineers who areresponsible for the project as a whole. That is, it is unrealistic to expect a new graduate, even of amaster’s program, to be suitably

Conference Session

Towards Global Competency for Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregg Morris Warnick, Brigham Young University; Spencer P. Magleby, Brigham Young University; Brent E. Nelson, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2012-4834: DEVELOPING A PERVASIVE, COLLEGE-WIDE APPROACHTO INTEGRATING ACHIEVEMENT OF GLOBAL COMPETENCE INTOTHE CURRICULUMDr. Gregg Morris Warnick, Brigham Young University Gregg M. Warnick is the Director of the Weidman Center for Global Leadership and Associate Teaching Professor of engineering leadership within the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology at Brigham Young University (BYU). He works actively with students and faculty to promote and develop increased capabilities in global competence and leadership. His research and teaching interests include globalization, leadership, project management, ethics, and manufacturing processes. Prior to joining BYU, Warnick worked for Becton Dickinson, a

Conference Session

Social Media and In-class Technology: Creating Active Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald C. Gannod, Miami University; Kristen M. Bachman, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

objectives: to provide students withincreased access to technical knowledge and to facilitate communication between differentstakeholders on projects. Our experience on the use of social networks has encompassed avariety of platforms including Facebook, Twitter, and Google+. We have used the platforms ona diverse set of courses in computer science, including courses on data structures, softwarearchitectures, web services, and the senior design/senior capstone where we have providedstudents with learning experiences that are not only relevant in the classroom but also closelymodel workplace activities. Based on our experience, we have categorized the strengths andweaknesses of using different social networks by looking at generic activities that

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

learnt more from doingprojects in undergraduate aerospace analysis and design class than anything else. Project basedlearning begins with an assignment to carry out one or more tasks that leads to the production ofa final product. The final product could be a design, a model, a device or a computer simulation.The work done on the project is normally presented in the class and a written report is submitted.Students are required to summarize the procedure used to produce the product and represent theoutput. There are usually two projects given in the class. The first project is defined by theinstructor, which helps maintain a focus on course and curriculum objectives. In the secondproject, students are allowed to pick their own topic, which gives

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan W. Klingbeil, Wright State University; Karen A. High, Oklahoma State University; Michael W. Keller, University of Tulsa; Ian M. White, University of Maryland; Bradley J. Brummel, University of Tulsa; Jeremy S. Daily P.E., University of Tulsa; R. Alan Cheville, Oklahoma State University; Jennifer Wolk, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

an Assistant Professor of psychology at the University of Tulsa. His research focuses on the effectiveness of simulations, roleplays, and other high-involvement training across a variety of organizational and educational contexts. His educational training projects have included engineering, computer science, and law, as well as responsible conduct of research.Dr. Jeremy S. Daily, University of TulsaDr. R. Alan Cheville, Oklahoma State University Alan Cheville in interested in engineering education and high speed optoelectronics. He is currently an Associate Professor of electrical and computer engineering at Oklahoma State University and is currently serving as a program officer at the National Science Foundation.Dr

Conference Session

Engineering Education Ties and Engineering Programs in the Middle East and Latin America

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer A. Acevedo-Barga, University of Washington; Charles Pezeshki, Washington State University; RunLu Li, WASEDA University

Tagged Divisions

International

countries of Latin Americaand Africa4. Guanxi is built and maintained through the exchange of favors13. In order to securethe resources China needs, “China is capturing and integrating Latin America as much as it can,securing at least $65 billion in deals throughout the region since 2010” 6. In exchange for rawmaterials, China is pouring money into infrastructure projects in Latin America. A perfectexample is Venezuela’s “oil for loan” deal with China. State owned oil company, PetroChina,will invest $20 billion in Venezuela over a 25 year span14. This investment will help Venezueladevelop its infrastructure and in return, Venezuela will provide 2.9 billion barrels of oil14. Otherjoint ventures established between China and Latin America follow a