Conference Session

Nanotechnology/RFID

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Anderson, CET; Ghassan T. Ibrahim, Bloomsburg University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

theviability of the passive UHF RFID system to locate the position of a tagged objects, stored in amultiple shelved warehouse environment is investigated. A pilot system was implemented and itsperformance was investigated by a team of two students in the electronics engineeringtechnology (EET) program during one semester senior design project. A 915 MHz RFID systemperformance was investigated and analyzed in a simulated environment in the radio frequency(RF) laboratory. The concept of using RFID system for position identification in the simulatedstorage environment was successfully proven. The pilot system was able to identify taggeditems’ locations with very high efficiency especially in an RF friendly environment. The workrequired the analysis of

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention, and First-Year Programs in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hector A. Ochoa, University of Texas, Tyler; Mukul Shirvaikar, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

real projects in thedifferent areas of electrical engineering.This paper will present the data collected as a part of the course offering over two academicyears, specifically split into two analysis categories. The first part of the data analysis will focuson the effect of the course on student retention, extracted from the freshman cohorts. The secondpart of the data analysis will focus on student surveys performed at the end of the semester. Thissurvey was designed to measure vital components of overall course effectiveness with finergranularity, including students understanding of topics such as the role of electrical engineersand their impact on society. The data collected and analyzed over the last two years clearlyshows an increase in

Conference Session

Distance and Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale N. Buechler, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Phil J. Sealy, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; John Goomey, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

hours for remote studentswhich are essentially equivalent to face-to-face office hours.One of the strengths of our electrical engineering program has been that all but one of ourcourses has had an integrated laboratory component. In addition, most courses have requiredsignificant design projects. Distance students to date have completed their labs at their localtwo-year school instead of traveling across the state to main campus. Lab instructors have beenhired to provide equipment and lab support for these courses. This lab approach with an on-sitelab instructor has been serviceable for “cookbook” type laboratories, where all the instructionsare provided, and low-level design projects.Alternative approaches have been investigated for use with

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joyce M van de Vegte, Camosun College, Victoria, Canada; Alan P. Duncan, Camosun College, Victoria, Canada

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

under room temperature and cold conditions, and calculation energy densities by mass an volume.• Lab 10 Field Trip 2009 Race Rocks Tidal Turbine 2010 T’Souke Nation Solar PV Project and Jordan River Hydroelectric Dam Page 22.1239.9Industry feedbackThe Electronics & Computer Engineering Technology – Renewable Energy program has anindustry program advisory panel that meets every quarter. The members of the panel are selectedfrom a broad group of local companies representing both government and the private sector. Weheld a focus group session that was independently facilitated on 28 April 2009. The questionsposed were:What

Conference Session

Investigating Alternative Energy Concepts

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan M. Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

electrical and civil engineering and socio-economicissues. The subject is how to develop a power transmission and distribution architecture basedon wireless beaming complementing and reaching beyond the wired power grid. Theprocesses of defining requirements and selecting parameters in this wide-open area, are setout. The education here is not through course lectures but through cross-disciplinary learningon projects. Student experience over the years is reviewed, starting from initial conceptexploration to present refinement. It is argued that millimeter wave beaming is essential, andthat viable end-to-end efficiency can be achieved, to succeed in the marketplace. Studentparticipants in this concept development over the years, have been at levels

Conference Session

FPD II: Increasing Engagement and Motivation of First-Year Students

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie J. Parish, Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University; Dimitris C. Lagoudas, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

new design component. Instead of viewgraphpresentations, guest speakers were asked to bring in demonstrations to explain current aerospacedesign problems and applications of new technology. Industry representatives were invited topresent “real-world” problems they are resolving to give students a better appreciation of theunique challenges of the aerospace industry. Also, aerospace student organizations, graduatestudents, and upperclassmen were recruited to speak to the students about research opportunities,aspects of senior design projects, and ways to become involved in the aerospace community toencourage integration of students into the department after their freshman year.The course has continued to evolve with the addition of a freshman

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shamsnaz Virani, University of Texas, El Paso; Iris B. Burnham, Burnham Wood Charter School District; Virgilio Gonzalez, University of Texas, El Paso; Miroslava Barua, University of Texas, El Paso; Elaine Fredericksen, Ph.D., University of Texas, El Paso; Sally J. Andrade, Andrade & Associates, Inc., El Paso, TX

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Alabama at Huntsville, where she taught undergraduate courses in industrial and systems engineering and served as the faculty advisor for the In- stitute of Industrial Engineering local student chapter. At RIMES, she is involved in developing graduate courses and exploring research opportunities in systems engineering. She has written research proposals to National Science Foundation, Locked Martin Aeronautical, Raytheon Energy Systems, Texas Higher Education Board, and Texas High School Project. She conducts research with a local charter high school assessing the attitudinal changes in high school students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math. She has published in several peer-reviewed journals and conferences

Conference Session

Research on Engineering Design Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lora Oehlberg, University of California, Berkeley; Alice Merner Agogino, University of California, Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2011-2310: UNDERGRADUATE CONCEPTIONS OF THE ENGINEER-ING DESIGN PROCESS: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF A HUMAN-CENTEREDDESIGN COURSELora Oehlberg, University of California, Berkeley Lora Oehlberg is a doctoral student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Cal- ifornia at Berkeley, and a member of the Berkeley Institute of Design. She received a M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley (2008) and a B.S. in Mechanical Engineer- ing from Stanford University (2006). Her doctoral research is on how designers use personal design information tools during collaborative new product development projects. Her background includes both corporate product design and

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research in K-12

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen A. High, Oklahoma State University; Melanie C. Page, Oklahoma State University; Julie Thomas, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

profes- sionals. Dr. High is a trainer for Project Lead the Way pre-Engineering. Additionally, she works with middle school teachers and students on engineering projects.Melanie C Page, Oklahoma State University Melanie C. Page received her Ph.D. in Quantitative Psychology from Arizona State University in 1998. She is currently a professor in the Department of Psyhcology and Director of the OSU Institute for Cre- ativity and Innovation (ICI) in the School of Entrepreneurship. Her research interests are mainly in pre- vention/intervention research; She is currently involved in several projects. One major project is looking at decreasing childhood overweight through family and peer interventions (FiSH project) with

Conference Session

Mechanical and Architectural Engineering Laboratories

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy K Lape, Harvey Mudd College; David L Harris, Harvey Mudd College; Matthew Joseph Keeter, Harvey Mudd College; Madeleine S Ong, Harvey Mudd College; Zachary Dodds, Harvey Mudd College

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

to mechanical, chemical, electrical, andcomputer engineering, computer science, design, controls, and energy. Course goals includeexposing students to many facets of engineering and computer science to aid in major choice,developing practical technical skills relevant to subsequent projects, generating enthusiasm forfuture studies, and developing teamwork, design, presentation, and technical writing skills.Through a series of labs including drawing and 3D printing a robot chassis, soldering amicrocontroller circuit board, assembling a gear box, building sensor circuits, machining andcharacterizing hydrogen proton exchange membranes (PEM) fuel cells, C programming, andgenerating and detecting Gold codes, the students design, build, test, and

Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Curriculum Development, Improvements, and Partnerships

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rafiqul Islam, Northwestern State University

Tagged Divisions

International

(1.5 gallon) is supplied to each faculty and stuff. Recyclingvarious papers, aluminum, cans, plastic bottles, and jugs, is encouraged.Green NSU and Cane River Green Market teamed up as partners for ‘Healthy Livings’ toarrange meetings with faculty and staff in the Student Union Building at NSU to promotethe importance and availability of fresh, locally grown and harvested fruits andvegetables.During fall of 2010, the University was awarded three projects through the EmpowerLouisiana Stimulus Funding through the department of Natural Resources Total.Finally the NSU has adopted 4.5 days week instead of 5 days week to cut its electric bill.Course Objectives The student should be able to: Understand, analyze, and explain the shift to

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Deborah B. Kaufman; Hugh Fuller; Richard M. Felder

Session 1430 Peer Ratings in Cooperative Learning Teams Deborah B. Kaufman, Richard M. Felder, Hugh Fuller North Carolina State UniversitySynopsisA universal concern about cooperative learning is the possible existence of “hitchhikers,” teammembers who fail to fulfill their team responsibilities but get the same high grade as their moreresponsible teammates. A common way to minimize hitchhiking is to use peer ratings to assessindividual performance of team members and to adjust the team project grade for individualteam members based on their average ratings. Peer ratings have potential

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Lorraine Holub; G.V. Loganathan; Craig Moore; Bill Greenberg

; mathematical writing(http://www.fandm.edy/departments/mathematics) emphasizing clear explanations, unclutteredexpositions on the page, and well organized presentation; tutorials involving a significantnumber of drill problems with help on demand for students working in peer groups or on anindividual basis so that mistakes are fixed without any delay. A component that should be addedto the above list is a well-conceived set of hands-on experiments. It is well known that what youremember the most is what you have learned by doing. While that statement is readily accepted,the time constraint combined with the multidisciplinary nature of experiments (mini projects) isoften cited for not carrying it out as part of calculus class. At Virginia Tech, the

Conference Session

Implementing the CE BOK into Courses and Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Tocco, Lawrence Technological University; Donald Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

mathematics, science, and engineering in the solution of civil engineering problems (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze data and interpret results (c) an ability to design a civil engineering system, component, or process to meet desired project needs (d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams including participation in a senior-level design project sequence (e) an ability to identify, formulate, analyze, and solve engineering problems Page 15.128.3 (f) an understanding and appreciation of all aspects of professionalism including

Conference Session

Outreach and Beyond: New Roles for Librarians

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jim Miller, University of Maryland; Bob Kackley, University of Maryland, College Park; Nevenka Zdravkovska, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

as the University of Maryland Libraries have incommon with recruitment efforts similar to these? Maybe more than those affiliated with theinformation services field realize (in the Conclusion the identities for those nicknames will berevealed).In the summer of 2008, librarians Jim Miller, Bob Kackley, and Nevenka Zdravkovska of theEngineering & Physical Sciences Library (EPSL) at the University of Maryland gave twobibliographic instruction sessions to Summer Program students on campus. Students were fromtwo local magnet schools, Oxon Hill High School and Charles H. Flowers High School for anInventor’s Camp for the program, Project Lead the Way. After talking to Alex Prasertchoung,the coordinator for the two classes, we realized that

Conference Session

Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace and Successful Graduates for a Flat World: What Does It Take?

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University; Hien Nguyen, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

International

such as these, engineers will increasingly work on globallydispersed teams, where engineers in the United States may be working virtually with otherindividuals around the world. Graduates of engineering programs need to be prepared to workon projects that may be physically located in another country. They must also be able to work ondiverse teams with other engineers who may be from a different culture or country. As NAEnotes, “Many advanced engineering designs are accomplished using virtual global teams –highly integrated engineering teams comprised of researchers located around the world. Theseteams often function across multiple time zones, multiple cultures, and sometimes multiplelanguages.”2Employers of engineers have expressed the need

Conference Session

Teaching Communication I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech; Kelly J Cross, Virginia Tech; Holly M Matusovich, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

2011. Ms. Cross is currently in the fourth year of the Engineering Education PhD program at Vir- ginia Tech and involved with multiple educational research projects with faculty and graduate students. Her research interests include teamwork and communication skills, assessment, diversity, and identity construction.Dr. Holly M Matusovich, Virginia Tech Dr. Holly Matusovich (co-PI) is an Assistant Professor in Virginia Tech’s Department of Engineering Education. She has her doctorate in Engineering Education and her strengths include qualitative and mixed methods research study design and implementation. Her expertise includes motivation and related frameworks, using these frameworks broadly to study student

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leyla F Conrad, Georgia Institute of Technology; Gary S. May, Georgia Institute of Technology; JillL L Auerbach, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Engineering Dr. Leroy Z. Emkin Practice” Week 6 “Challenges in Flightdeck Design” Dr. Amy Pritchett Week 7 “Putting Nanomaterials to Work for Biomedical Dr. Younan Xia Research” Weei 8 "Applying to Graduate School" Dr. Jeffrey Donnell Week 9 “The Problems with Interconnect” Dr. Paul Kohl Week 10 End of Program Project Presentations ParticipantsMeetings are held every Tuesday morning where each participant reports orally what he/she hasaccomplished in the past week and his/her plans for the current week. Following the individualresearch status reports, fundamental research

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University; Barry Wayne Peddycord III, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

large projects and portfolios, butthese are typically more time-consuming and difficult to evaluate. Page 23.1151.3 2The SurveyIn order to find out how others were using textbook exercises, we developed a web survey usingGoogle Forms and sent it to three listservs for college educators and educational researchers: thePOD Mailing List, the ACM SIGCSE Members List, and the Engineering Technology* listserv.Most of the questions on the survey were open-ended.The survey collected 142 responses. Due to the uncontrolled nature of a web survey, this

Collection

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Yuva M. Tammineni; Talha Khan; Rajeev Nair; Yimesker Yihun

students were done twice; once before the principles of innovative thinkingand problem solving was introduced to the students and once after the students were introduced tothese principles and were tasked with its application on various activity-based class projects. Thelone survey for the capstone-design students were done towards the end of the semester. It wasobserved that there was considerable improvement in the Cronbach’s alpha number (a measure ofconsistency) in the second survey that was done at the end of the semester by which time thestudents were effectively well versed with the EM mindset and were able to successfullyimplement it. However, for the capstone course it was observed that the Cronbach’s alpha numberwere similar due to the

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

Amelito Enriquez; Kate Disney; Erik Dunmire

from ASSIST (Articulation System Stimulating Interinstitutional Student Transfer)website assist.org.5A similar situation exists with regard to the Freshman Introduction to Engineering course, someform of which is recommended or required for a majority of engineering majors. This courseranges from a 1-unit survey of career options to a 3-unit project-based introduction to design, Proceedings of the 2010 American Society for Engineering Education Zone IV Conference Copyright © 2010, American Society for Engineering Education 93which is in many cases discipline specific. Other more subtle differences in course

Conference Session

Track 5: Technical Session 1: Evaluating the five pillars of a Summer Bridge Program and their influence on participants' intentions to complete an engineering degree

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Lorena Benavides-Riano, Mississippi State University; Mahnas Jean Mohammadi-Aragh, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Paper ID #45190Evaluating the five pillars of a Summer Bridge Program and their influenceon participants’ intentions to complete an engineering degree.Lorena Benavides-Riano, Mississippi State University Lorena Benavides-Riano, originally from Colombia, is a second-year Engineering Ph.D. student at Mississippi State University. In July 2020, she completed her bachelor’s degree in Environmental Engineering at the National University of Colombia. After graduation, Lorena worked as a research assistant investigating the effects of development projects on environmental parameters and rural communities in Colombia, South

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division (MFG) Technical Session 8

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David E. Culler, Oregon Institute of Technology; Colin Carroll, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

courses provided a solid foundation for adapting to and comprehending theimportance of a more modern and digital approach to product engineering and lifecyclemanagement. This project produced a framework and course content that strengthens andmodernizes our programs and addresses shortcomings identified by our Industry Advisory Board.IntroductionTo successfully teach and implement Digital and Smart Manufacturing concepts, companies willneed a more flexible and technology savvy workforce that is familiar with key areas ofcomputerized product development including design, engineering, manufacturing, andmetrology. Advances in 3D CAD/CAM/CAE software tools and programming interfaces areproviding a more robust environment for Product Lifecycle and

Collection

2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference

Authors

Bonnie S. Boardman, The University of Texas at Arlington

their degrees, etc. Thesevisualizations could be very helpful in describing students’ paths through programs. Secondly,colleges considering changes to admissions and/or transfer processes into and within the collegecould use the visualizations to get an accurate “as-is” view of student paths. This could be helpful indeveloping new processes as well as benchmarking for evaluating the performance of any changes.Specific research questions (RQs) of this project were: RQ1: Are there differences in entrance and/or exit patterns of undergraduate engineering programs that can be visualized with Sankey diagrams? RQ2: Do patterns in student flows suggest where in a particular program, or on which students, resources aimed at improving retention

Conference Session

Energy Conversion, Conservation and Nuclear Engineering Division (ECCNE) Technical Session 4

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu, Drexel University; Richard Y Chiou, Drexel University; Md Fashiar Rahman, The University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Conservation and Nuclear Engineering Division (ECCNE), Energy Conversion

background is in propulsion systems and combustion. Dr. Husanu has more than a decade of industrial experience in aerospace engineering that encompasses extensive experimental investigations related to energy projects such as development of a novel method of shale natural gas extraction using repurposed aircraft engines powered on natural gas. She also has extended experience in curriculum development in her area of expertise. As chair of the Engineering Technology Curriculum Committee, she is actively engaged in aligning the curricular changes and SLO to the industry driven student competencies. Her main current research interest is in engineering pedagogy, focusing on development of integrated mechanical engineering

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session: Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Sebastián Sánchez-Gómez, Universidad de los Andes; Laura Eugenia Romero Robles, Tecnológico de Monterrey; Maria Catalina Ramirez; Libis Valdez Cervantes; Luis Alberto Cruz Salazar, Universidad Antonio Nariño,Colombia; Technical University of Munich, School of Engineering and Design, Germany

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

in the context of higher education institutions in Latin America and theCaribbean, which are directly related to some advances in compliance with SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDG) number 4 on quality education of the countries of this region inthe SDG Index. The obtained data allow us to understand the existence of educational needsof university professors from Latin America and the Caribbean, who wanted to learn not onlyabout STEM and migration but also about the intersectionality of DEI with other minorities,such as black communities, natives, Hispanics in the United States, and LGBTIQ+.IntroductionSignificant efforts have been made to promote gender equality in higher education. However,addressing broader projects on Diversity, Equity

Conference Session

Engineering Education Methods and Reflections

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qiuxing Chen, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Student Division (STDT)

thoroughreviews of the literature; in which two are most recognized: systematic and scoping literaturereviews. These two methods are particularly useful forms of reviewing what is already writtenand known about the topic, identifying research gaps, and in some cases, and analyzing existingliterature. Scoping Reviews and Systematic Literature Reviews are similar and different in theirown ways. For example, a scoping review may be utilized for understanding the “breadth” of aresearch topic, but a systematic literature review may be utilized for understanding the “depth”and appraise the literature of a topic [1]. Both of these literature reviews are helpful for noviceresearchers when they are beginning a project or want to explore the potential of a

Conference Session

Evaluating Pre-College STEM Programs: Longitudinal Impact, Integration, and Engagement

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nidaa Makki, The University of Akron; Katrina B Halasa Halasa; Donald P. Visco Jr., The University of Akron; Edward A. Evans, The University of Akron; Kristin L. K. Koskey, Binghamton University State University of New York

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

lab. Students returned from the lab and had lunch provided bythe program. The students spent the next couple of hours either working on project deliverables(poster, paper, etc.) or meeting with presenters (researchers, student groups, etc.). Each dayconcluded with an SEL activity. Students were dismissed from the program at 3:15 pm each dayand returned to a school near their home by school bus.Project PresentationsThe program culminated in a presentation of learning through a poster session that resembled amini science fair competition. Students worked on research papers and prepared posters thatthey presented to expert judges (university faculty, graduate students, science teachers), andtheir families. The purpose of the event was to provide

Conference Session

ECE-Embedded Systems Education: Innovation and Virtual Platforms

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guoping Wang, Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

secured multiple grants for innovative projects. A senior member of IEEE, he actively contributes to the field through publications and conference presentations. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Direct Assessment of Student Achievement through D2LAbstractThis paper delves into the implementation of D2L/Brightspace learning outcome toolsspecifically designed for the direct assessment of course outcomes, with a keen focus on ABETStudent Outcomes (SOs) based on our experience preparing for the ABET accreditation visit.ABET accreditation is a mark of excellence in applied science, computing, engineering, andtechnology programs. This accreditation guarantees that graduates are equipped with

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Division (BAE) Technical Session 1

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Woongbin Park, Purdue University; Yunjin Lim, Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation; Jung Han, Purdue University; Hyeree Cho, Purdue University; Seokyoung Kwon; Juhyun Kim, Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education

Tagged Divisions

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Division (BAE)

to the smart farm project ▪ Practicing 3D design using Sketchup Team building app Setting your own goal of the project 7 ▪ Introduction to the smart farm project 2 ▪ Setting up the physical computing Team building environment Setting your own goal of the project Reviewing software coding and 3D design for building smart farms 8-10 ▪ Software design for their projects 3-4 ▪ Hardware design reconstructing the Arduino code 3D printing and leveraging various