Collection

2022 CIEC

Authors

MADDUMAGE KARUNARATNE; Christopher Gabany

many of those aspects.(7) An ability to acquire and apply new knowledge as needed, using appropriate learningstrategies: • The single assessment of students’ ability is measured for ABET, using the average of individual student grades for both 1195 and 1199 courses, and it reflects acquiring knowledge required to reach their predefined project solution. For capstone projects, students propose, develop, design, and build a working or almost working prototype solution to a selected, significant, engineering problem. Each project team researches the ideas, various ways to implement, costs, efforts, and their own expertise coupled with their inclinations. Students do their own learning and

Collection

ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Spring Conference

Authors

Fisseha Gebre, University of the District of Columbia; Devdas Shetty, University of the District of Columbia; JIAJUN XU P.E., University of the District of Columbia

manufacturing reflects a desire for more human-centric,environmentally conscious, and community-oriented approaches in response to the social andenvironmental impacts of large-scale industrialization [5, 6]. Additive Manufacturing (AM) emerged in the 1980s as a revolutionary technology for creatingobjects layer by layer from digital models. Its roots trace back to stereolithography invented byChuck Hull in 1983. The 1990s witnessed the expansion of AM applications into variousindustries. As patents expired, technology became more accessible, fostering innovation. By the2000s, diverse materials and techniques emerged, enhancing AM's capabilities. Today, it plays acrucial role in rapid prototyping, custom manufacturing, and even aerospace applications

Collection

2024 ASEE North East Section

Authors

John F Drazan, Fairfield University; Emily J. Hangen, Fairfield University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

collaboration to itsinterdisciplinary nature. We bring complementary areas of expertise for conducting rigorous STEMeducation research: Expertise in conducting research on human behavior (specifically student motivation,learning, and STEM pedagogy), engineering content areas, and STEM program development. Ourrespective backgrounds and strengths have allowed us to develop novel assessments of engineeringlearning, while also unlocking large populations for future psychosocial research. When reflecting on thissynergistic collaboration, we realized that our interdisciplinary collaboration is relatively unique and islargely absent among our early career faculty peers. In fact, our collaboration itself was an unintendedproduct of participation in a campus

Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Luke LeFebvre, University of Kentucky; Jerzy W JaRomczyk; Mike Allen, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; Leah Elina LeFebvre; George Tan, Texas Tech University; Mai Dao, Wichita State University; Andrew Tapia, University of Kentucky

)functionalnonverbal behaviors, a nonverbal baseline needs to be reestablished and then reinforced beforeincorporating immediate nonverbal behavior training based on these findings. Furthermore, theclassification of nonverbal behavior resulting from this study may lead to applying othercomputational research techniques, such as machine learning, in analyzing our researchquestions.Presenter nonverbal immediacy communicates closeness, indicates liking, signals availability,expresses intensity of involvement, and reflects arousal [44]. Similar immediacy trainings haveoccurred for classroom teachers [45]. This type of presenter immediacy should be the goal andnot the starting point. The extant literature on nonverbal immediacy indicates that presentersshould

Collection

2024 ASEE PSW Conference

Authors

Claire Rogers, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Cecilia La Place, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Shawn S. Jordan, Arizona State University

study were: (1) What factors enable or hinder theadoption of ChatGPT in embedded systems design education contexts?, and (2) How canChatGPT be best implemented in embedded systems design education contexts? This researchemployed a structured intervention that integrated pre-planned activities involving ChatGPT intothe coursework, as well as allowing students to develop their own ways to use ChatGPT onassignments. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through observations, surveys, andinterviews, allowing for a review of the tool's impact on student learning. Students were giventhe opportunity to utilize ChatGPT for assignments, provided they reflected on their choice touse ChatGPT or not. Thematic analysis of the interviews and

Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Jennifer S. Brown, Clemson University; Marshal Fasika Rice, Clemson University; Karen A High, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

them in this goal.There are many resources out there to facilitate such dialogues and reflections that faculty mentorsor mentees could use to support these tough mentoring conversations, and the researchers of thiswork encourage interested mentors and mentees to seek these resources out [32]–[34]. By bringingthese topics to the forefront of conversation, we can spark meaningful dialogues surrounding thepositive, inclusive mentorship of all women in engineering disciplines that is responsive to theirintersectional identities, so that faculty advisors of any gender or background can feel morecomfortable in reaching out for guidance in how to support their women mentees. Other dialogues that mentors fostered with their mentees involved

Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Gang Liu, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford

categories. But the surveyresult in Category (3) shows that the combination rates of “Well prepared” and “Very WellPrepared” is around 65%. Category (5), “an ability to function effectively on a team whose memberstogether provide leadership, create a collaborative and inclusive environment, establish goals, plan tasks,and meet objectives”, still has the highest “Unaccepted” rate of 3%. It was also reflected in the surveyresults of qualitative questions, which were discussed in the next session. 2024 ASEE Southeastern Section Conference Figure 3. Senior Exit Survey Results for question (1)-(7), Spring 2021The description of some student outcomes became more ambiguous and vaguer compared to theprevious

Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Brian Aufderheide, Hampton University; Makeda Alethea Wilkes

time a student is taught to use a model for asystem in the Laplace Domain only, they lose the fact that the controller designed will not workover the whole range of the input constraints. In fact, that is more a rarity than the norm. Transferfunctions for lime kilns, cardiac arrest patients, reactive etchers, etc. do not hold for the range ofinputs outlined in final projects given to students[8]. Representing a nonlinear multivariableprocess by a matrix of transfer functions leads to real repercussions for students that think theseare at least close to accurate models that reflect a dynamic range of responses over the inputconstraints. And instead end up with a system that a single controller can regulate. There are nooperating regions

Conference Session

Track 7: Technical Session 7: Challenges and Opportunities to Address Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion within the Professional Construction Industry

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Andres Nieto, Virginia Tech; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Abiola Akanmu, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Anthony Olukayode Yusuf, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Sheryl Ball, Virginia Tech; Walid Saad; Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina A&T State University (CoE)

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

when looking for an industry practitioner to be a lecture guest speaker,most of the time you have some experienced white male, which reflects the non-diversefield as a whole and the issue about diversity and inclusion”. Faculty instructors also agreedwith the difficulty of accessing a diverse group of practitioners which makes it moredifficult to ensure diversity when inviting them to any academic activity (e.g., capstonementorship, workshops, conference speaker, lecture guest speaker). To know how companies involve their employees in DEI, we asked practitioners ifthey knew (awareness) about DEI Statements in their company. We found that, out of the249 participants, 71% of professionals identified DEI statements in their companies, 12

Collection

2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Omar Ahmed Al-Shebeeb, West Virginia University; Thomas Guy Azinger, West Virginia University

: 15 Proceedings of the 2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference Copyright © 2024, American Society for Engineering Education2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference Figure 11: After Improvement X-bar Control Chart - Spring 2022 Figure 12: After Improvement R Control Chart - Spring 2022We can see from the above control charts, the turning process was in-control for the spring 2022semester. This was an indication that the applied improvements were useful to improve theturning project in the IENG 303 course. Moreover, the students’ comments in the SEI for Spring2022 semester positively reflected these improvements.Samples of IENG 303 Students Comments – SEI

Collection

2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Sam Ramrattan, Western Michigan University; Matthew Cavalli P.E., Western Michigan University

How well did 4 4 4 examination questions reflect content and emphasis of the course?LimitationsDistance learning strategies were limited to one summer semester (8 weeks). Foreshortenedteaching period had not been used with this course prior. However, after course completion,students indicated an interest in hands-on laboratory experiences that supplements simulationtechnology.Conclusions and RecommendationsThis paper focused on the technological aspects of a casting curriculum that substitutes inconventional and non-conventional academics. During a pandemic period and thereafter,engineering education was

Collection

2023 PSW

Authors

Tara Esfahani; David Copp

transitioning to and from remote learning.This survey was given in Winter 2022, which was a unique term at the University of CaliforniaIrvine because courses started online and returned to in person later in the term. Moreover, it wasnot clear at the beginning of the term when courses would return to in person, only that theywould eventually. Therefore, this was a particularly disruptive term for the students who had allpreviously experienced the transition to online learning in Spring 2020 and had transitioned backto in person courses by Fall 2021, only to return to online courses in Winter 2022 due to thespread of highly contagious COVID-19 variants. This provided a unique opportunity for studentsto reflect on their experiences adapting through

Conference Session

Knowing Ourselves: Research on Engineering Education Researchers

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette; David F. Radcliffe, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Prashant Rajan, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sadia Nawaz, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yi Luo, Purdue University; Jea H. Choi, Purdue University; Ji Hyun Yu, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, representative of the emerging field ofresearch in engineering education. Second, we present a case study based on a data samplecollected through our keyword-based search process to explain the dynamics associated with theemergence of research collaboration within the domain of engineering education. The case studycomprises a longitudinal (time series) analysis of co-authorship data from the bibliographicrecords for the Frontiers in Education (FIE) conference. Our analysis explains the FIE in terms ofa self-organizing network, which operates in accordance with an internal dynamic of preferentialattachment that is reflected in the actions of individual authors.The Network Perspective

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Interdisciplinary Course Design Opportunities for Chemical Engineers

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey A Nason, Oregon State University; Bill J. Brooks, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

other hand, they report that innovative instruction can lead toimprovements in student beliefs. A project based design (graphic, industrial, interiorphotographic and fashion) curriculum, and a business curriculum promoting self reflection bothresulted in statistically significant increases in deep approach scores as measured by the SPQ.Although conventional lecture-based educational practices tend to reinforce more naive beliefs,innovative instruction can develop more expert-like beliefs, which in turn can promote learning.Over the last four years, the WISE Learning Tool has become an increasingly integralcomponent of the Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (CBEE) curriculum atOSU, and has been integrated into the three courses

Conference Session

FPD I: Attacking the Problems of Retention in the First Year

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yvette Pearson Weatherton, University of Texas, Arlington; Andrew P. Kruzic, University of Texas, Arlington; Beth R. Isbell, University of Texas at Arlington; Lynn L. Peterson, University of Texas, Arlington; Carter Tiernan, University of Texas, Arlington; Vu V. Pham, University of Texas at Arlington

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

engineering, the non-FIG student population data yielded amoderately positive correlation between SAT Math scores and GPA, while FIG data showed anegative correlation, indicating that average first year cumulative grade point averages decreasedwith increased SAT Math scores. The FORCES cohort showed a strong negative correlationbetween the two variables.Assessment of the FORCES program performance in many cases supported or further informedthe retention and performance data analyses. Members of the cohort consistently identified theFIG component as a strength, and the data reflect that FIG participants in general were retainedat higher rates and performed better than non-FIG participants. Evaluation of elements relativeto calculus readiness and

Conference Session

BME Courses and Learning Activities

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge E. Bohorquez, University of Miami; Ozcan Ozdamar, University of Miami; Jonathon Anthony Toft-Nielsen, University of Miami

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

was related to exams andhomework: students felt the instructor did not provided enough homework and feedback duringthe semester. We think these comments reflect the fact that practice exercises and homeworkload were heavily shifted to the laboratory session, while the main exams (midterm and finalexam) were given in the lecture section. It seems that the communication between the lecture andlaboratory did not work as well as expected (see comments in the table). While the content andpace of the laboratory session was influenced by the lecture session, there was no feedback in theother direction, with the lab influencing the lecture. Allowing for two ways flow of informationbetween lab and lecture, and having both session adapt to each other

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: What Works to Retain Students in Chemical Engineering Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne R. Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Donald P. Visco, Tennessee Technological University; Susan M. Montgomery, University of Michigan; Daina Briedis, Michigan State University; Neeraj Buch, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University; Colleen A. McDonough, Michigan State University; Patrick Walton, Michigan State University; Amanda M. Portis, Michigan State University; Eldred H. Chimowitz, University of Rochester; Willie (Skip) E. Rochefort, Oregon State University; Keith L. Levien, Oregon State University; Nimir Elbashir, Texas A&M University; Jennifer Condit, University of Rochester ; Stephen Lindeman

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Page 22.1315.10have been carefully chosen to reflect the University of Rochester Energy Initiative. Eachtopic is taught by a different faculty member which means that the course is fast-pacedand students have the opportunity to meet many of the department faculty early in theirstay at the university. This often leads to further opportunities for students to pursueinternships with faculty as early as the summer following the freshmen year.The course has been a success. It now draws more than half of its students from outsidethe department, many coming from social science and humanities disciplines and iswidely considered to be one of the most successful courses in the freshmancurriculum. Enrollment and retention of undergraduate students in

Conference Session

Enhancing Instructional Effectiveness in Civil Engineering: Case Studies

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morgan Reese, U.S. Military Academy; Joseph P. Hanus, U.S. Military Academy; Ledlie Klosky, U.S. Military Academy, West Point

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

reflect on their experiencesand have practiced doing this many times. The feedback is generated anonymously through adatabase with the students filling out the surveys at the end of the semester. The instructors maynot access the results of the surveys until the system is closed to input and the grades arefinalized. The instructors do not have access to the names associated with the feedback at anypoint. The students involved in the distance-learning program do not typically have theopportunity to fill out the survey. For those students, the experimental group, the survey wassent to them manually, completed by the cadets, and compiled. The names and associated resultswere not released to the instructor. The grades and results of the course-end

Conference Session

Attracting and Retaining Students in Civil Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sameer Hamoush P.E., North Carolina A&T State University; Ellie H. Fini, North Carolina A&T State University; Mahour Mellat Parast, University of North Carolina, Pembroke; Sanjiv Sarin, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

, working together on the project improves students’teamwork skills. This suggests that PBL is an effective method which enables students to relatecourse materials to practice while improving their level of understanding about the subjectmatter.AcknowledgmentsThe materials in this paper are partially based upon work supported by the National ScienceFoundation (grant numbers 0928213, 0442531, 0736997, and 0623351) and the Laboratory forInnovative Technology and Engineering Education (LITEE). Any opinions, findings, andconclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation and LITEE

Conference Session

Integration of the Humanities and Social Sciences into Civil Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sean St.Clair, Oregon Institute of Technology; Charles E. Riley, Oregon Institute of Technology; David K. Thaemert P.E., Oregon Institute of Technology; Roger Lindgren, P.E., Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

of the presentations. Groups will present during the third week of the term with the Public Policy (Dr. St.Clair) and Management (Dr. Riley) groups presenting on October 13 and the Business (Dr. Lindgren) and Leadership (Prof. Thaemert) groups presenting on October 15. Any number of group members may participate in the presentation. Five minutes will be allowed for questions. Short quizzes on the topic will immediately follow each presentation and will be taken by everyone in the class. Each individual will submit a brief narrative of your work: who you contacted, resources you referenced, how long you spent on tasks. This is similar to the time accounting one would do at a consulting firm. Your grade on this project will reflect

Conference Session

Innovative College-Industry Partnerships for the Future

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

places where the EPICS course has appeared is in careers exploration courses. Thesekinds of experiences allow students to explore different “jobs” as they rotate different roles onthe teams. Appropriate reflections can build on the experience to give students a deepunderstanding of opportunities for careers, casting the careers in the context of needs in theirown communities.Partnerships with EPICS High Engineering-based projects require many levels of partnerships from the community,government and private sectors. In the community, long term partnerships are needed betweenschools and community organizations. The EPICS Program has demonstrated the need andvalue of long-term community partnerships. First, in the quality of work that is

Conference Session

Computers in Education General Technical Session II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Purdue University; Quintana Clark, Purdue University; Geovon Boisvenue, Purdue University; Stephen Paul Woodall, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

an interview.The second major category of online identity management strategies reflects the beliefthat students have no reason to hide or protect their personal content. This belief is fairlyuncommon, with less than half of the research participants sharing it. Those who sharethis belief explain: “There is nothing that I have that I feel like I need to hide fromanyone.” Others feel the need to be visible and self-promote, or put it simply - “I don’tcare.”Education about online identity managementWe asked students about their perceptions for the need to include social media literacy aspart of formal education. Of the 15 students we interviewed, all except one felt there is aneed for social media literacy and online identity management

Conference Session

Design Communications & Cognition I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiffany Tseng, Stanford University; Maria Yang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Daniel Frey for consenting to use his course as acontext for this study and also thank the students for their participation. The work described inthis paper was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Award 0830134. Theopinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Page 22.1501.15References1. Hsi, S., Linn, M., and Bell, J. (1997). The role of spatial reasoning in engineering and the design of spatial instruction. Journal of Engineering Education, 86(2), 151–158.2. Sorby, S. (2009). Educational

Conference Session

Capstone Design Projects in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James K. Archibald, Brigham Young University; Doran K. Wilde, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

concept drawing of the game system on each vehicle to support thecompetition. As can be seen, it includes a fixed forward-pointing laser, a 360-degree lightdetector, a ZigBee wireless modem, status lights that reflect team affiliation and vehicle state,and a microprocessor to control the game system. Shots are made by orienting the truck to pointat another game system (on a truck or a team’s base) and then sending a message using lightpulses. Messages are sent in the IRDA standard physical layer serial format9, but a low-powerred (650 nm) laser was employed rather than infrared. The message is one byte in length,including fields with message type (two bits), the team of the shooter (two bits), and the vehiclenumber of the shooter (four bits). A

Conference Session

Project-Based Education in Energy Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

the manufacturer data sheets, application notes, and technical manuals andcomponent specifications. The experience of teamwork, prototype design and test, which wouldbe difficult to complete individually, gives the students a sense of satisfaction andaccomplishment that is often lacking in many engineering courses, not including projects.Furthermore, the design experience motivates student learning and develops skills required inindustry. The students were able to make satisfactory estimations and calculations of theseprojects. Their results reflect that they have understood well all the basic ingredients of themodeling techniques and design of the renewable energy systems. They were also very pleasedwith the approach used to teach them. Our

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret B. Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

to 3.5, careful analytical reading declined from 4.2 to 3.4,and so on, where a rating of five reflects a strong agreement and one represents a strongdisagreement with the provided statement. To improve clarity of the survey question, the 2005 Page 22.1351.10question related to “lifelong learning abilities” was rewritten to refer to “independent learningabilities” and the opinion data declined most significantly on this question from 3.7 in 2005 to2.9 in 2008. Table 3. 2008 Student Opinions Regarding Technical Book Review Project (n=28) Question

Conference Session

Public Policy in Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria Dawn Blevins, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

were as important asknowing the material. When asked what students would change or what would they liketo learn more about, most felt the training was fine and would not change it. A fewstudents offered helpful suggestions such as adding more real life examples, moreinformation about being empathetic, and how to develop effective listening skills. Theyalso requested more practice and information about fielding difficult questions. In my personal reflection about the training, I would do two things differently.First, I would give the training at least 30 more minutes, and second I would find outabout the specific class activities the students are involved in and make sure I was usingthose as a starting place for the lecture and role

Conference Session

Sustainability and Humanitarian Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Khanjan Mehta, Penn State University; Duarte B. Morais, North Carolina State University; Yu Zhao, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

of the major scholars in the field provides a framework of globaleducation consisting of eight elements18. These elements are: human beliefs and values, globalsystems, global issues and problems, cross-cultural understanding, awareness of human choices,global history, acquisition of indigenous knowledge, and development of analytical, evaluative,and participatory skills19,20. The MTR Solutions Showcase emphasized the importance ofpreservation of and respect for indigenous knowledge21,22. Indigenous knowledge is about theways of knowing, seeing, and thinking that are passed down from generation to generation, andwhich reflect thousands of years of experimentation and innovation in all aspects of life.Over the course of human history, some

Conference Session

To Boldly Go... Engineering Librarians Explore New Connections with Users

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne Parker, University of Manitoba

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

, which more nearly reflects the environment in which a professionalengineer will have to work; students must learn how to function as a team by planning theteam’s activities and the tasks associated with a project, all within the framework ofmilestones and the deliverables.As we have discussed in our earlier paper [1], one of the major assignments has been theresearch-based final report – a necessity in a course where the students come fromdifferent disciplines and represent different levels of experience within an engineeringprogram. While some, like Irish, might argue that such an assignment is an academicrather than an engineering genre, the final report is far more than just an exercise in“knowledge assembly” [17]. “Staged” assignments are

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph F. Kmec, Purdue University; Bryan J. Hubbard, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Martin A Lopez De Bertodano, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Benjamin Revis, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

objectives. These objectivesinclude equipping students with the ability to solve problems and the skills necessary for lifetimelearning. Attainment of these objectives will allow them to face a multitude of challenges andadapt to the changing needs of their profession throughout their career. Another objective ofacademic education is to provide students with practical skills that reflect the current state-of-the-practice. These practical skills will allow them to make immediate contributions to theiremployer upon graduation. A College of Technology with its prime mission and charter focusedmore on applications and practices rather than discovery and the sciences, is ideally positioned toeducate a workforce that understands and is capable of