Conference Session

A Systems-Thinking Approach to Solving Problems

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald C. Rosenberg, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

Sciences, an undergraduate bachelor of science degree program in the MSU College of Engineering. He also is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Dr. Sticklen has lead a laboratory in knowledge-based systems focused on task specific approaches to problem solving. Over the last decade, Dr. Sticklen has pursued en- gineering education research focused on early engineering; his current research is supported by NSF/DUE and NSF/CISE. Page 22.763.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Using Guided Reflection to Assess

Conference Session

Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristine R. Csavina, Colorado School of Mines; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Trevor Scott Harding, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Patrick Cunningham, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #18338Work in Progress: Examining the Value of Reflection in Engineering Practiceand EducationDr. Kristine R. Csavina, Colorado School of Mines Dr. Kristy Csavina is a Teaching Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines. She has her bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Dayton and her doctorate in Bioengineering from Arizona State University.Dr. Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University Dr. Adam Carberry is an assistant professor at Arizona State University in the Fulton Schools of Engineer- ing, The Polytechnic School. He earned a B.S. in

Conference Session

Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xingya Xu, George Mason University; Lori C. Bland, George Mason University; Stephanie Marie Kusano, University of Michigan; Aditya Johri, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

metacognitive reflections about their participation in these informal learningenvironments.Background and MotivationThe conceptualization of “thinking about thinking” has evolved since Flavell [8] first discussedmetacognition. Researchers have agreed that metacognition consists of knowledge of cognitionand regulation of cognition [8, 19, 20, 25]. Knowledge about cognition describes individuals’self-knowledge, knowledge about strategies, as well as appropriate application of differentstrategies in practice. Knowledge about cognition consists of three types of knowledge includingdeclarative knowledge, procedural knowledge and conditional knowledge [10]. Regulation ofcognition indicates that individuals are capable of planning, managing information

Conference Session

Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lizabeth T. Schlemer, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Luciane de Greef, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Trevor Scott Harding, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #18740Stories of Change: Faculty in Reflective DialoguesDr. Lizabeth T. Schlemer, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Lizabeth is a professor at Cal Poly, SLO in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. She has been teaching for 23 years and has continued to develop innovative pedagogy such as project based, flipped classroom and competency grading. Through the SUSTAIN SLO learning initiative she and her colleagues have been active researching in transformation in higher education.Luciane de Greef, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis ObispoDr. Trevor Scott Harding, California

Conference Session

Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Damji Heo Stratton, Purdue University; Saira Anwar, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Muhsin Menekse, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

implications for learning. Much of this research focuses on learning processes in K-12 and college level classroom settings. Dr. Menekse is the recipient of the 2014 William Elgin Wickenden Award by the American Society for Engineering Education. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 How do engineering students’ achievement goals relate to their reflection behaviors and learning outcomes? AbstractThis research study investigated the relationship between achievement goals, reflectionbehaviors, and learning outcomes of industrial engineering students. The study usedAchievement Goal Questionnaire-Revised (AGQ-R

Conference Session

Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber Dale Levine, Stanford University; Tua A. Björklund, Aalto University Design Factory; Shannon Katherine Gilmartin, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #19109A Preliminary Exploration of the Role of Surveys In Student Reflection andBehaviorMs. Amber Dale Levine, Stanford University Amber Levine is pursuing her Bachelors degree in Engineering with a focus in Architectural Design and a minor in Dance at Stanford University. She is particularly interested in education and inclusiveness in engineering.Dr. Tua A. Bj¨orklund, Aalto University Design Factory Dr. Bj¨orklund focuses on supporting idea development efforts in product design, entrepreneurship and teaching in higher education. She has been a part of creating the Aalto University Design Factory, an

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Resource Exchange

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tawni Paradise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Malle R Schilling, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Paper ID #33983Teacher-led Reflection ActivityMrs. Tawni Paradise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Tawni is a third year Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. She holds a B.S. and a B.A. in Industrial & Systems Engineering from The University of San Diego in San Diego, CA. Drawing on previous experiences as a mathematics and engineering teacher, her current re- search interests include studying the disconnect between home and school, with a specific emphasis on prekindergarten students. She continues to pursue these research interests with the support of the

Conference Session

Encouraging Students to Think Critically

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington; Kathryn Elizabeth Shroyer, University of Washington; Terri L. Lovins, University of Washington; Cynthia J. Atman, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Paper ID #18388Understanding Reflection Activities BroadlyDr. Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington Jennifer Turns is a Professor in the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering at the Univer- sity of Washington. She is interested in all aspects of engineering education, including how to support engineering students in reflecting on experience, how to help engineering educators make effective teach- ing decisions, and the application of ideas from complexity science to the challenges of engineering education.Kathryn Elizabeth Shroyer, University of WashingtonMs. Terri L. Lovins, University of WashingtonDr

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Learning, Evaluation, and Assessment

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence E. Whitman, Wichita State University; Cindi Mason, Wichita State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

experience isto expand the student perspective that engineers can have a positive impact on their communityand the world. Students from all engineering disciplines at WSU take this course and work as ateam on several course requirements. This paper describes the existing service-learning courseand presents the motivation behind its development with a review of the literature on servicelearning and the content of the course. The paper then focuses on the structured reflectioncomponent of the class. The reflective component of the class instills the broad aspects desiredby industry.MOTIVATIONThe primary goal of the Wichita State University (WSU) College of Engineering (CoE) is toeducate and prepare students to succeed in the engineering field upon

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark W. Steiner, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Junichi Kanai, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Cheng Hsu, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Richard Alben, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2011-331: ANALYSIS OF REFLECTIVE MEMOSMark W. Steiner, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Mark W. Steiner is Director of the O.T. Swanson Multidisciplinary Design Laboratory in the School of En- gineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Clinical Professor in the Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering department. Mark graduated from Rensselaer with a B.S. in mechanical engi- neering in 1978 and a Ph.D. in 1987. He has been a member of the Rensselaer faculty since May 1999. Mark worked at GE Corporate from 1987 to 1991, consulting and introducing world-class productivity practices throughout GE operations. In 1991 he joined GE Appliances and led product line structuring efforts resulting in

Conference Session

Faculty Development II

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer A Turns, University of Washington; Brook Sattler, University of Washington; Lauren D. Thomas, University of Washington; Cynthia J. Atman, University of Washington; Richard Brown Bankhead III, Highline Community College; Adam R Carberry, Arizona State University; Kristine R. Csavina, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Patrick Cunningham, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Douglas Karl Faust, Seattle Central College; Trevor Scott Harding, California Polytechnic State University; Ken Yasuhara, Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #12382Reflecting on reflection: How educators experience the opportunity to talkabout supporting student reflectionDr. Jennifer A Turns, University of WashingtonDr. Brook Sattler, University of Washington Dr. Sattler is a Research Scientist for the Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching (CELT) and a Multi-Campus Coordinator for the Consortium to Promote Reflection in Engineering Education (CPREE) at the University of Washington. Her research interests include understanding and promoting self-authoring engineers.Dr. Lauren D. Thomas, University of WashingtonDr. Cynthia J. Atman, University of Washington

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer I

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah A. Roller, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Francis Christopher Wessling, University of Alabama, Huntsville

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Paper ID #18365Reflecting on the Reflections Driving Variations in Heat Transfer TeachingDr. Sarah A. Roller, University of Alabama, Huntsville Sarah A. Roller is an Assistant Professor in Mathematics Education at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. She received her Ph.D. in curriculum, teaching, and educational policy from Michigan State University. Her research interests include teacher preparation and mentoring practices, research-based instructional strategies for teaching mathematics and STEM education, and teacher development.Dr. Francis Christopher Wessling, University of Alabama, Huntsville Professor, Mechanical

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Design Methodology

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa A. Shay PE, U.S. Military Academy; Tanya Thais Estes, United States Military Academy; David Paul Harvie, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Reflection and Metacognition in Capstone DesignAbstractReflection is a valuable skill that is not immediately familiar to many of our students. Our facultyteam has introduced systematic reflection in a two-semester multidisciplinary engineering designcourse at the United States Military Academy at West Point. A course goal is to produceengineers competent in designing with current technologies who are able to anticipate and torespond to change. Because a key component of the course has always been the assessment of thedesign against the requirements, we chose to augment the design process with multipleopportunities for reflection.This year’s course consists of 18 capstone

Conference Session

Active learning in BME, Session II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington; Ken Yasuhara, University of Washington; Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

sequence for the BIOE Department at the University of Washington. Taylor currently pursues continuous improvement activities through her role as the Un- dergraduate Program Coordinator, with the goal of optimizing bioengineering curriculum design, student learning outcomes, and the overall program experience for students. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Enhancing Student Leadership Competencies Through ReflectionIntroductionThis paper describes the use of pedagogical approaches using reflection to enhance leadershipcompetencies in two bioengineering courses at the University of Washington, building on ourprevious work [1]. Our aim is to 1) provide a set of curricular materials that

Conference Session

Mentoring Practices and Project Teams

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzette R. Burckhard P.E., South Dakota State University; Joanita M. Kant, South Dakota State University; Gregory J. Michna, South Dakota State University; Ross Peder Abraham, South Dakota State University; Richard Reid P.E., South Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

joined the faculty at SDSU in 2009. He teaches courses in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and energy systems. His main research interests lie in the areas of thermal management of electronics and two-phase heat transfer.Dr. Ross Peder Abraham, South Dakota State UniversityDr. Richard Reid P.E., South Dakota State University c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 1 Reflections of CSEMS and S-STEM Faculty Mentors Suzette R. Burckhard Joanita M. Kant Gregory

Conference Session

Teaching & Learning in Graduate Programs

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diane L Peters, Kettering University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Paper ID #11210Reflections on Teaching and MentoringDr. Diane L Peters, Kettering University Dr. Diane Peters, P.E. is an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Kettering University. Page 26.1326.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Reflections on Teaching and MentoringAbstractGraduate students at various universities may have the opportunity to participate in a variety ofoutreach activities which may include teaching or mentoring others. These

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Student Learning 3

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington; Kenya Z. Mejia, University of Washington; Cynthia J. Atman, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #30845Reflection in Engineering Education: Advancing ConversationsDr. Jennifer A Turns, University of Washington Jennifer Turns is a Professor in the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering at the Univer- sity of Washington. She is interested in all aspects of engineering education, including how to support engineering students in reflecting on experience, how to help engineering educators make effective teach- ing decisions, and the application of ideas from complexity science to the challenges of engineering education.Kenya Z. Mejia, University of Washington Kenya Z. Mejia is a second year PhD

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Faculty Development 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Heather Dillon, University of Portland; Valerie J. Peterson, University of Portland; Carolyn McCaffrey James, University of Portland; Stephanie Anne Salomone, University of Portland; Tara E. Prestholdt; Eric Anctil, University of Portland

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

the author of many books and articles on education. His work broadly centers on K-20 education and the nexus of media, technology, humans, and society. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Reflective Faculty Peer Observation in EngineeringAbstractIt is now widely held that student evaluations of teaching provide an insufficient measure ofteaching effectiveness, particularly when they are the only metric used. One alternative measureis faculty peer observation. We have developed a novel faculty peer observation protocol focusedon self-reflection and formative feedback for STEM faculty. Engineering faculty have found theprotocol helpful and used the method to expand professional networks

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nora Siewiorek, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Kara Santelli, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2010-1586: ENGINEERING, REFLECTION AND LIFE LONG LEARNINGNora Siewiorek, University of Pittsburgh Nora Siewiorek is a graduate student in the Administrative and Policy Studies department in the School of Education at the University of Pittsburgh where she also received her MS in Information Science. Her research interests include: engineering education and educational assessment and evaluation. Her K-12 outreach activities are organizing a local science fair and a hands on workshop in nanotechnology. Her other research interests are: higher education administration, comparative and international education.Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh Larry J. Shuman is Senior Associate

Conference Session

Methodological & Theoretical Contributions to Engineering Education 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer A Turns, University of Washington; Brook Sattler, University of Washington; Ken Yasuhara, Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching (CELT); Jim L. Borgford-Parnell, University of Washington; Cynthia J. Atman, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #9230Integrating Reflection into Engineering EducationDr. Jennifer A Turns, University of WashingtonDr. Brook Sattler, University of WashingtonDr. Ken Yasuhara, Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching (CELT)Dr. Jim L Borgford-Parnell, University of Washington Dr. Jim Borgford-Parnell is Associate Director and Instructional Consultant at the Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching at the University of Washington. He taught design, education-research methods, and adult and higher education theory and pedagogy courses for over 30 years. He has been involved in instructional development for

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Barbara Olds

Session 2261 Reflection as an Assessment Measure Barbara M. Olds Colorado School of Mines Golden, CO 80401I. IntroductionAs I teach and advise engineering students, I am constantly amazed at their motivation, theircapacity for hard work, their intelligence. But I am also often amazed at their lack of self-awareness, at their “can’t see the forest for the trees” approach to getting through each hour, eachday, each semester, a college education. They refer, often jokingly, to “getting out,” instead ofgraduating, and they

Conference Session

Educating Students for the 21st Century: History, Reflection, and Outcomes

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Swaminathan Balachandran, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2011-275: STUDENT REFLECTION IN EXPERIENTIAL LEARNINGPROJECTSSwaminathan Balachandran, University of Wisconsin - Platteville Bala has more than 35 years of teaching, five years of industrial and about 10,000 hours of consulting experience. He is a fellow of IIE and senior member of SME, ASQ, APICS, HFES, INFORMS, INFOMS, ASEE, and IIE. He is a life member of Phi Kappa Phi, Alpha Pi Mu, and SME. He was the chair of the Department of Industrial Engineering at UW Platteville from 1986 to 1995, established the IE laboratory facilities and secured the accreditation of the program by EAC of ABET in 1987 and 1993. He serves on the editorial board of the International Journal of Production Planning and control. He is a

Conference Session

Innovation and Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Gewirtz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech; Kirsten A. Davis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Ramon Benitez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #18789Self Authorship and Reflective Practice in an Innovation MinorChris Gewirtz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Chris Gewirtz is PhD student in Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. His research interests start with how culture, history and identity influence assumptions made by engineers in their practice, and how to change assumptions to form innovative and socially conscious engineers. He is particularly interested in humanitarian engineering, where American engineering assumptions tend to fall apart or reproduce injustice.Dr. Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State

Conference Session

Innovation and Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph R. Herkert, North Carolina State University; Jennifer Kuzma, North Carolina State University; Patricia Mae Roberts, North Carolina State: School of Public and International Affairs; Erin Banks, North Carolina State University ; Sharon A Stauffer, NC State University Genetic Engineering and Society Center

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

of Responsible Innovation across Bio-engineering Communities”,upon which this paper is based on. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Ethics and responsible innovation in biotechnology communities: A pedagogy of engaged scholarshipIntroductionIssues surrounding genetic engineering, biotechnology, and synthetic biology are contentious,especially when applied to food, the environment, and industrial applications for which directhuman consent and medical benefits are not present. How researchers, developers, and policy-makers communicate about and reflect upon their work is of utmost importance to these fields.Increased understanding about how participants within and

Conference Session

Innovation and Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene B. Mena, University of Pittsburgh; Alexander T. Dale, Engineers for a Sustainable World

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Conference Session

Innovation and Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth Rieken, Stanford University; Mark Schar, Stanford University; Shauna Shapiro, Santa Clara University; Shannon Katherine Gilmartin, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

analytical training at the expense of fostering important skills in creativethinking (e.g., questioning, observation, reflection) that are fundamental to developinginnovative solutions to these engineering challenges. To help address this gap, there is anincreasing number of studies exploring the pathways by which engineering students developinterest and skills in innovation (e.g. Yasuhara, Lande, Chen, Sheppard, & Atman, 2012; Davis& Amelink, 2016; Gilmartin et al., 2017). These studies aim to understand where students aregaining innovation interests and skills and are finding that extracurricular activities play anotable role. Within engineering classrooms, there is a push to increase student exposure todesign and to teach creative

Conference Session

Innovation and Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott A. Newbolds P.E., Benedictine College; Patrick F. O'Malley, Benedictine College; Meredith Stoops, Benedictine College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #19626Integration of Critical Reflection Methodologies into Engineering Service-Learning ProjectsDr. Scott A. Newbolds P.E., Benedictine College Dr. Newbolds is an assistant professor in the engineering department at Benedictine College, Atchison, Kansas. After graduating from Purdue University in 1995, Dr. Newbolds started his career in construction as a Project Engineer for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). He returned to Purdue for graduate school in 1998 and subsequently took a position in the INDOT Research and Development office. While completing his graduate degrees, Dr. Newbolds conducted and

Conference Session

Reflective & Critical Pedagogies

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mania Orand, University of Washington ; Brook Sattler, University of Washington; Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington; Lauren D. Thomas, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #12650Engineering Education meets Human-Computer Interaction (HCI): Explor-ing how the work on ”probes” can guide the design of reflection activitiesMania Orand, University of Washington Mania Orand is a researcher in the field of Human Computer Interaction at the University of Washington. Her research interests are on using reflection in designing web and mobile technologies, user experience, and digital media.Dr. Brook Sattler, University of Washington Dr. Sattler is a Research Scientist for the Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching (CELT) and a Multi-Campus Coordinator for the Consortium to Promote

Conference Session

Reflective & Critical Pedagogies

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prashant Rajan, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

2knowledge is associated with the adoption of an empathic design process inwhich innovators leverage their social and material embeddedness in localcommunities to observe and reflect on users’ technology-related behavior innaturalistic settings. Grassroots innovators engage with human needs inspecific geographical, economic, social, and cultural contexts and embody thepotential for knowledge-rich, resource-poor communities to developsuccessful indigenous solutions to local problems. Grassroots innovationsrepresent a community-based and user-driven model of technology designbased on empathy, sustainability and social responsibility that problematizerational, economic models of competitive innovation for profit that areprevalent in the literature and

Conference Session

Reflective & Critical Pedagogies

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

program, each stu-dent sketches out the process they followed. They were all unique, but there were some importantthemes. None of them were the simple design process found in textbooks. Instead, they weretangled non-linear webs of activities – exactly what is needed to solve messy tangled problems.And their drawings contained a high number of non-traditional design topics - economic, ethical,historical, social and political impact - that were integrated into the traditional design process. Inessence, they had learned to view engineering design in a wider context.Without grades or credits, our role becomes that of a cognitive coach - a motivator, guide andemotional support. All feedback becomes formative. Self-reflection naturally becomes a