Conference Session

Industrial Collaboration & Applications in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University; Donald Richter, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Ohio State University, M.S. and Ph.D. in Engineering from the University of Arkansas. He holds a Professional Engineer certification and worked as an Engineer and Engineering Manager in industry for 20 years before teaching. His interests include project management, robotics /automation and air pollution dispersion modeling. Page 11.1420.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Utilizing Collaboration for a Real World Engineering EducationAbstractIt is becoming increasingly difficult for educational institutions to offer quality engineeringprograms. The costs associated with laboratory and related

Conference Session

Industrial Collaboration & Applications in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Dobrowski, Purdue University-North Central

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-2588: COLLEGE-INDUSTRY COLLABORATIONThomas Dobrowski, Purdue University-North Central Page 11.330.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 UNIVERSITY AND INDUSTRY COLLABORATION IDEAS BENEFICIAL TO BOTHIt can be argued that the importance of relationships between today’s Engineering/TechnologyEducators and Industry has never been greater. The engineering/technology field is changing ata staggering rate and in order for educators to keep pace, connections with industry areabsolutely necessary. Industry, also, is looking at ways to stay competitive, not only in thedomestic market, but internationally. There are two very strong arguments for

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in ET: Remote and Virtual Laboratories

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Tech University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Emre Bahadir, Murray State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

eligible persons without regard to age, gender, ethnicity, race,religion, national origin, disability, or sexual orientation. The institution is committed to aninclusive and diverse campus that enriches the educational experience, promotes personal growthand a healthy society, prepares students for success in a global economy, and enhancesAmerica’s economic competitiveness.Educational ProgramsThe Department of Industrial and Engineering Technology at MSU is the largest departmentserving under the College of Science, Engineering and Technology. The department places ahigh premium on academic outreach, collaborative relationships with alumni, the public schools,business and industry, governmental agencies, and other colleges and universities at home

Conference Session

Industrial Collaboration and Applications

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Niaz Latif, Purdue University, Calumet; Nick L. Wilson, Morrison Container Handling Solutions

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2011-40: INDUSTRY EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP: MECHATRON-ICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTNiaz Latif, Purdue University, Calumet (Tech) Dr. Niaz Latif is the Dean of the School of Technology at Purdue University Calumet (PUC). He is also the Interim Associate Vice Chancellor of Research and Graduate Studies at PUC. Dr. Latif served as an Assistant Dean for Statewide Technology Administration in the College of Technology at Purdue University, West Lafayette, before joining Purdue University Calumet on July 1, 2007. He is the Principal Investigator of the 2010 NSF-ATE grant, ”Meeting workforce needs of Mechatronics Technicians.” Mr. Nick Wilson is the founder and President of Morrison Container Handling

Conference Session

Industrial Collaboration and Applications

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Durkin, IUPUI

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2011-237: PARTNERING SMALL BUSINESS NEEDS WITH ENGI-NEERING TECHNOLOGY EDUCATIONRobert J Durkin, IUPUI Teaches Engineering Technology courses in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Technology at IUPUI. 30+ years in manufacturing as an Engineer, Engineering Manager and General Manager of Production. 2 US patents BSEE - Indiana Institute of Technology MBA - University of Notre Dame, Magna Cum Laude Page 22.1142.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Partnering Small Business Needs with Engineering Technology

Conference Session

Academe/Industry Collaboration

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Mark Bradley Kinney, West Shore Community College; Scott A. Kuhl, Michigan Technological University; Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Mark Highum, Bay de Noc Community College; Prince Mehandiratta, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

curriculum revision in collaboration with the College of Lake County in Illinois, and a NSF award in collaboration with the University of New Mexico, Drake State Technical College, and Chandler-Gilbert Community College. The award focused on expanding outreach activities to increase the awareness of potential college stu- dents about career opportunities in electronics technologies. Dr. Alaraje is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), a member of the ASEE Electrical and Computer Engineer- ing Division, a member of the ASEE Engineering Technology Division, a senior member of the Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers (IEEE), and a member of the Electrical and Computer Engineering

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Landis, The Technology Collaborative; Stan Komacek, California University of Pennsylvania; Carol Adukaitis, PA State System of Higher Education; Robin Shoop, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2008-454: STEPS ALONG A ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY CAREER PATHWAYDavid Landis, The Technology Collaborative Dave Landis received the BS EE degree from Carnegie Mellon, MS from the University of Pennsylvania, and PhD from the Pennsylvania State University. His industry experience includes work in reliable and fault tolerant computer / chip design for RCA and Honeywell. He has been an Electrical Engineering Professor at the University of South Florida and at Penn State, doing research and teaching on the subjects of embedded systems, chip design and test. He is currently Vice President, Education and Training at The Technology Collaborative where he is responsible for career pipeline, professional

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ken Barnard, K-State at Salina; Greg Stephens, K-State at Salina; Raju Dandu, Kansas State University at Salina

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Page 13.457.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Earth Day Teach-In: A Model for Industry, Community, and Education CollaborationAbstractEarth Day is a driving force for environmental awareness around the world. It can also be aneffective event for educating the local community and the 21st century engineer sincetechnologists will play a vital future role in civic engagement, green economic development, andglobal awareness related to energy, global warming and conservation. This paper presents a crossdisciplinary team presentation from faculty in Engineering Technology, Business, and Aviationcollaborating together to explain the first campus Earth Day Teach-In at K-State Salina. Thispaper

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Alvarado, Texas A&M University; Michael Golla, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

manufacturing companies in the State of Texas. Page 14.121.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Successful Collaboration Model for Educators and Industry Partners for Laboratory Development and EnhancementAbstractMany universities are feeling the budget crunch of lesser support from States governments and facingdwindling resources at the departmental and college levels. Another factor that colleges are facing is“here today, gone tomorrow” supporters of various programs or initiatives. On the other hand, individualcompanies or philanthropists who want to leave a legacy and provide equipment or financial

Conference Session

Industrial Collaboration & Applications in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Stuart, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

maximal success from industry input on curriculum development, program improvement and laboratory enhancement • Illustrations of how to develop internships with industry partners • Deliberations on how industry can help to accelerate the global connection for engineering education • Real world cases of the positive improvements for industry, educational institutions and communities that result from collaboration between industry and engineering educationPresented in this paper are actual experiences and examples of how a technical institution andfaculty have mutually benefited, with industrial partners from ongoing relationships andprograms that have successfully worked to improve the quality and direction of

Conference Session

Industry and Engineering Technology Partnerships

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jaby Mohammed, Morehead State University; Sam Mason, Morehead State University; Xiaolong Li, Morehead State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Departmental Survival through Collaborative Industrial PartnershipAbstractIn this paper/discussion the author's identify how the Industrial and Engineering technologycurriculum and program strengthened at Morehead State University. The author's initially reviewa brief history of the Industrial and Engineering Technology program and how the departmentsurvived from closing down to become one of the most successful departments at the university.The author's also describe how the objectives were set and how department worked with thelocal industrial partners and advisors to set up and help with the curriculum to meet the industrialdemands. The objectives were set based on the local educational and industrial demands forthe employment, research and

Conference Session

New Course Development Concepts in ET II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Brower, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Corporation in Denver, Colorado. Dr. Brower was the Affiliate Director for Project Lead The Way – Oregon and served as associate director for Oregon Space Grant. He has represented ASME and served as a program evaluator for ABET for the past ten years. Page 24.1296.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Unique Collaboration between Engineering and Engineering Technology ProgramsAbstractColorado Mesa University (CMU), located in Grand Junction, and University of ColoradoBoulder (CU-Boulder) are partnering to deliver a mechanical engineering (ME) program

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jin Zhu, University of Northern Iowa; MD salim, University of Northern Iowa; Ali Kashef, University of Northern Iowa; Recayi 'Reg' Pecen; Kenan Baltaci

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2007-2042: ENHANCE INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION ANDGRADUATE EDUCATION BY APPLYING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES INPRACTICAL APPLICATIONSJin Zhu, University of Northern IowaMD salim, University of Northern IowaAli Kashef, University of Northern IowaRecayi "Reg" Pecen, University of Northern IowaKenan Baltaci, University of Northern Iowa Page 12.661.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Enhance Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Graduate Education by Applying Geospatial Technologies in Practical ApplicationsI. IntroductionGeospatial technologies have been used in various applications, such as homeland security

Conference Session

Issues and Directions in ET Education & Administration: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerry Marekova, Drexel University; Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; David Spang, Burlington County College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2010-542: COLLABORATION AMONG UNIVERSITIES AND COMMUNITYCOLLEGES IN DEVELOPING DUAL-ENROLLMENT PROGRAMSGerry Marekova, Drexel University Gerry Marekova, M.S. is the Program Manager for the Applied Engineering Technology program in the Goodwin College of Professional Studies at Drexel University. She has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration with major in Marketing and a Master of Science Degree in Higher Education Administration, both from Drexel University. Her responsibilities include scheduling classes, maintaining partnership programs with community colleges and high schools, and mentoring current and prospective students. She has a strong interest in curriculum and

Conference Session

Academe/Industry Collaboration

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nabin Sapkota, Northwestern State University of Louisiana; Laurie D. Morrow, Central Louisiana Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

in the workforce market. Department of Labor [5] reportsapproximately 200,000 electrical, electronics, and industrial technician were employed in the USin 2016MethodThis paper uses a case-study approach with the example of the unique ‘earn and learn’ program,Advanced Manufacturing Technician (AMT) in Louisiana. Authors were directly involved withthe AMT program before its inception and through the program’s development, approvalprocess, and delivery methods. Also of note, the authors’ participation in various relevantconferences such as the annual conference by America Society for Engineering Education(ASEE) and Conference on Industry and Education Collaboration (CEIC), provided guidance forthem to propose the framework of a modified

Conference Session

Academe/Industry Collaboration

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aparajit Koshal; Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Michael D. Johnson, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

University of Alabama. She has experi- ence working with many industries such as automotive, chemical distribution etc. on transportation and operations management projects. She works extensively with food banks and food pantries on supply chain management and logistics focused initiatives. Her graduate and undergraduate students are integral part of her service-learning based logistics classes. She teaches courses in strategic relationships among industrial distributors and distribution logistics. Her recent research focuses on engineering education and learning sciences with a focus on how to engage students better to prepare their minds for the future. Her other research interests include empirical studies to

Conference Session

Academe/Industry Collaboration

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy K. Sundheim, Saint Cloud State University; Aaron J. Barker, St. Cloud Technical and Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #26196Technician-Technologist Teamwork: Multifunctional Collaboration on In-dustry ProjectsDr. Nancy K. Sundheim, Saint Cloud State University Nancy K. Sundheim developed and is now the director of the Manufacturing Engineering Technology program. Her primary interest area is at the intersection of manufacturing engineering and statistics involving lean, continuous improvement, and quality. She also does research in engineering education applying the principles of continuous improvement to her teaching.Aaron J. Barker, St. Cloud Technical and Community College Colleagues know Aaron as a dedicated and

Conference Session

Industry and Engineering Technology Partnerships

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Fuehne, Purdue University-Columbus

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2008-498: INDUSTRY-UNIVERSITY COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE TESTDATA QUALITYJoseph Fuehne, Purdue University-Columbus Page 13.742.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Industry-University Collaboration to Improve Test Data QualityAbstractA major engine manufacturer, Cummins, Inc., had organized a charter1 to provide training to agroup of employees involved with data collection. Their objective was to improve data qualityby improving the calibration of test instruments. The group of employees would also beencouraged to take the Certified Calibration Technician examination as part of obtaining thiscertification offered by the American Society for Quality

Conference Session

Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric John Addeo, DeVry University; Nugroho Iwan Santoso, DeVry University, North Brunswick; Chao-Ying Wang, DeVry University, North Brunswick; Raul San Martin Rivadulla, Graduate Education

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #13289New Dimensions in Engineering Technology Education – Introducing a NovelInternational Collaborative Component to the Undergraduate EET SeniorProject ExperienceDr. Eric John Addeo, DeVry University Dr. Addeo is a Professor at DeVry University in North Brunswick, NJ. He has more than 18 years of experience at the senior management level in the industrial sector where he has managed the day-to-day technical and strategic directions of world-class applied research organizations at Lucent Bell Labs, Tel- cordia, and most recently at Panasonic Labs in Princeton. He has an earned Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering

Conference Session

Recruiting, Retention and Diversity in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claude Kansaku, Oregon Institute of Technology; Linda Kehr, Klamath County School District; Catherine Lanier, Oregon NASA Space Grant Consortium

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

collaboration, and how the program looks to sustain itself, particularly consideringthe auspices of NASA’s educational mission as exercised through the National Space GrantCollege and Fellowship Program2 (Space Grant) efforts.IntroductionNear-space, though not legally defined, has been referred to as the region between 65,000 feetand 325,000 feet3 above the Earth. A BalloonSat launch can routinely and relativelyinexpensively take an experimental payload into near-space to altitudes exceeding 80,000 feetand, with additional resources, to even higher altitudes that can eclipse 120,000 feet. Access tonear-space presents exciting possibilities for undergraduate research in engineering andengineering technology. With a university partner that can serve as a

Conference Session

Multimedia and Distance Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Hsiung, Old Dominion University; John Hackworth, Old Dominion University; Richard Jones, Old Dominion University; June Ritchie, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, California.June Ritchie, Old Dominion University JUNE RITCHIE is a Senior Instructional Designer and Instructor for the Center for Learning Technologies in the Old Dominion University Office of Distance Learning. She joined the staff of Old Dominion University in 1999. Page 12.1031.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Managing a Distance-Learning EET Laboratory Course Using Collaboration SoftwareAbstractMethods of managing various distance learning EET laboratory courses using collaborationsoftware are detailed. Particular emphasis is given to different types of

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Design Projects in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Otieno, Northern Illinois University; Abul Azad, Northern Illinois University; Radha Balamuralikrishna, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

shifts in engineering and business practice when contrasted to simultaneousengineering versus sequential engineering. The objectives of the student project developed by the authors were to provide studentsmajoring in Electrical Engineering Technology, Manufacturing Engineering Technology, andIndustrial Technology programs with an opportunity to simulate a competitive industry styleproduct development scenario and educate them on the critical dimensions of a true simultaneousengineering experience. The critical dimensions were identified as collaboration (teamwork),multidisciplinary learning, project planning, time management, and advanced technology.Student teams drawn from three different courses (one from each program) were asked

Conference Session

Robotics and Automation

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas B. Stout, Tidewater Community College; Steve C. Hsiung, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 A Collaborated Process with a Wireless Autonomous Vehicle at Its CenterIntroduction According to a study by Marken and Lewis1, 46 percent of 1550 degree-granting post-secondary institutions report that over one million high school students took courses for collegecredit within a dual enrollment program during the 2010-2011 academic year. This indicates thatthere are more and more high school students interested in studying at post-secondaryinstitutions. It presents opportunities for community college and university engineering andtechnology programs to recruit already interested students to become majors. This project used an

Conference Session

A Technology Potpourri II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Christe, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis; Joe Tabas, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #21727When Emerging Technologies Cross Academic Boundaries: Collaboration orCompetition?Dr. Barbara Christe, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis Barbara Christe is a professor and director of the healthcare engineering technology management program in the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapo- lis (IUPUI). She coordinates a unique academic program that prepares engineering technology graduates to support the safe and effective use of medical equipment in the clinical setting. Dr Christe has a bache- lor’s degree and master’s degree in

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention Matters in Engineering Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian P. DeJong, Central Michigan University; Dru M. Wilson Wilson, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Michigan University in the School of Engineering and Technology. He received his Ph.D. in industrial education and technology from Iowa State University in 1998. His research interests include alternative methods of recycling thermosetting composite materials, prototype manufacturing, and plastics technology education. Page 25.1421.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Using Collaborative Pedagogy to Recruit Technology Students from First-Year EngineeringAbstractUniversities with engineering programs generally offer a first semester course entitled

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Feng Jao, Ohio Northern University; Steve C. Hsiung, Old Dominion University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Education, 2019 Virtual Collaboration of Mechatronic Projects: The Development, Implementation and Continuous ImprovementAbstract This paper describes the process and the continuous improvement of an onlinecollaboration project within the scope of teaching microcontroller projects through distancelearning. This virtual collaboration project was first established for the NSF funded grant TUESType 2: “Dissemination of Microprocessor Courses through Classroom and Interactive Cyber-Enabled Technologies”, and later improved the communication mechanism through the secondNSF funded grant I-Corp L: “Transform the Innovated Design and Development of anEmbedded Design Training System and Associated Support Curricula into a

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kari Clase, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2007-1824: COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS FACILITATE THE GROWTH OFAN INTERDISCIPLINARY MINOR IN BIOTECHNOLOGYKari Clase, Purdue University Page 12.368.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Collaborative Efforts Facilitate the Growth of an Interdisciplinary Minor in BiotechnologyAbstractTremendous advances are being made in pharmaceutical and biotechnology discoveriesand their applications (including manufacturing), as well as in health care services. As aresult, there is an increasing sophistication of the products and services available andbeing developed, with an ever-widening scale of applications and marketing. The growthof biotechnology

Conference Session

Industrial Collaboration and Applications

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Joanne E. DeGroat, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2011-892: COLLABORATIVE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT OFAN INDUSTRY-DRIVEN DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGNNasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University Dr. Alaraje’s research interests focuses on processor architecture, System-on-Chip design methodology, Field-Programmable Logic Array (FPGA) architecture and design methodology, Engineering Technology Education, and hardware description language modeling. Dr. Alaraje is currently the Electrical Engineer- ing Technology program chair as well as a faculty member at Michigan Technological University, he taught and developed courses in Computer Engineering technology area at University of Cincinnati, and Michigan Technological University. Dr. Alaraje is a Fulbright scholar; he is a

Conference Session

ETD Design IV: Construction and Civil Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barry Dupen, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Regina Leffers, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 The Columbia City Trailhead: A Collaborative Construction Engineering Technology Capstone ExperienceAbstractIn 2010, a collaborative effort between a nonprofit trail advocacy organization, a small ruralIndiana city, trade unions, grantmaking organizations, materials suppliers, contractors, and theConstruction Engineering Technology program at Indiana University – Purdue University FortWayne (IPFW) led to the successful construction of a trailhead building in a city park.Multidisciplinary collaboration began with a design charrette in January, bringing togetherarchitects, brickmasons, carpenters, electricians, engineers, greenbuilding experts, landscapers,professors

Conference Session

Capstone Projects and Experiential Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian D Vuksanovich, Youngstown State University; Darrell R Wallace, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2011-1938: EVALUATION OF STEM+ART COLLABORATION FORMULTIDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORYBrian D Vuksanovich, Youngstown State University Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering Technology Youngstown State UniversityDr. Darrell R Wallace, Youngstown State University Page 22.653.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Evaluation of STEM+Art Collaboration for Multidisciplinary Engineering Technology LaboratoryAbstractThe need to restore manufacturing competitiveness in the United States has become increasinglyevident over the past decade. A common weakness that