Conference Session

Liberal Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Tonkay, Lehigh University; E. Zimmers, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

alumni who have achieved positions of leadership. The evolution from an existingleadership honors program in a specific major (Information and Systems Engineering (I&SE)) toa more general leadership minor is discussed. The original program was limited to students in theI&SE major with a high GPA and was taught in a one-credit seminar format. The curriculuminvolved both leadership aspects and major-related projects in a hands-on environment. The newprogram is broader in scope, including courses from arts and humanities and engineering, and isopen to all engineers. It includes application of leadership principles through team-based projectsat local companies and provides better economy of scale for faculty. At the same time, itprovides

Conference Session

Learning to Communicate with Engineers and Non-Engineers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Wilson, University of CIncinnati; Teresa Cook, University of Cincinnati; Jo Ann Thompson, University of Cincinnati; James Everly, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2008-2041: DEVELOPING A WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES PROGRAM INAN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY COLLEGELaura Wilson, University of CIncinnati Laura Wilson, University of Cincinnati Laura Wilson is a Field Service Instructor at the University of Cincinnati’s College of Applied Science (CAS). Her main focus is Humanities, specifically English Composition and Technical Writing. She began co-teaching the Senior Design sequence in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Department in Fall 2006. She holds a Masters of Arts from Bowling Green State University in Scientific and Technical Communication.Teresa Cook, University of Cincinnati Teresa Cook, University of Cincinnati Teresa Cook is a

Conference Session

Liberal Education and Leadership

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Val Hawks, Brigham Young University; John Harb, Brigham Young University; Alan Parkinson, Brigham Young University; Spencer Magleby, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2009-1287: A COLLEGE-WIDE PROGRAM FOR TEACHING LEADERSHIP:FRAMEWORK, MODEL, AND OUTCOMESVal Hawks, Brigham Young UniversityJohn Harb, Brigham Young UniversityAlan Parkinson, Brigham Young UniversitySpencer Magleby, Brigham Young University Page 14.11.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A College-wide Approach for Teaching and Developing Leadership: Model, Framework and OutcomesIntroductionIn 2005 the College of Engineering and Technology at BYU began an initiative to assure thateach student graduated with the ability to understand and practice leadership. This paper presentsa

Conference Session

Writing and Communication I: Innovative Models for Curriculum and Assessment

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie Paretti, Virginia Tech; Lisa McNair, Virginia Tech; Diana George, Virginia Tech; kelly belanger, Virginia Tech; Lisa Norris, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2007-2247: OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT AS A SITE OF INTEGRATION: ABETMEETS THE COUNCIL OF WRITING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATORSMarie Paretti, Virginia Tech Marie Paretti is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she co-directs the Virginia Tech Engineering Communications Center (VTECC).Lisa McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa McNair is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she co-directs the Virginia Tech Engineering Communications Center (VTECC).Diana George, Virginia Tech Diana George is a Professor of English at Virginia Tech, where she directs the First-Year Writing Program.kelly belanger, Virginia Tech Kelly Belanger is an Associate

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Martello, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Jonathan Stolk, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

onstudent learning. Faculty development of an understanding of the causes of student attitudesand skills in appropriately responding to students are vital to the fostering of self-directedlearners.A second vital set of skills, repeatedly flagged by both ABET and the larger engineeringcommunity, relates to a student’s ability to identify and relate to the many contextual factorsthat shape both the creative process and the societal reception of completed technologies.1,5 Atechnical education can emphasize contextual understanding in many ways, including theintegration of arts, humanities, and social science perspectives as well as the specific study ofethical, societal, historical, or environmental impacts of engineering work within

Conference Session

Learning to Communicate with Engineers and Non-Engineers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Ross, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

goals – is typically a part of student work. For example, a portfolio may bethe product of an internship or other special program and may be required as part of a finalassessment at graduation. However, at the undergraduate level, the portfolio tends to “die” oncethe immediate task has been accomplished. Portfolios as a long-term investment in professionalgrowth have not been widely valued in engineering once the right job has been attained and asense of employment security has set in.However, “security” is now not necessarily the guaranteed benefit of any job. This has been adifficult lesson for the engineering profession. “Portfolio thinking” can be useful for continuedprofessional growth and as an antidote to obsolescence.An un-scientific

Conference Session

Critical Thinking and Creative Arts

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helen Donis-Keller, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2009-325: A COURSE IN COMMUNICATION AND CREATIVITY FORUNDERGRADUATES IN ENGINEERING: SEEING ANDHEARING--COMMUNICATING WITH PHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO, AND SOUNDHelen Donis-Keller, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering Page 14.20.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Course in Communication and Creativity for Undergraduates in Engineering: Seeing and Hearing: Communicating with Photographs,Video and Soundintroduction Given the global reach by employers for engineering professionals, creativity, innovationand the ability to communicate effectively have gained importance as assets of the Americanengineering workforce

Conference Session

Ethical Responsibilities of Engineers in the World of Corporate Business

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Riley, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

internship program tointegrate engineering practice into the experience. Gerhardt4 describes the Global EngineeringEducation Exchange Program, an international student exchange program that includesinternships. Owusu-Ofori et al.5 describe a global engineering education project at UST in Ghanathat involves a student exchange program in which students spend a semester at the partnerinstitution, transferring credits to the home institution, and cooperate on a design project in Page 12.1240.4multicultural teams. The design project is intended to initiate technology transfer related to theuse of aluminum in automobiles in Ghana. Lloyd and Rosenberg6

Conference Session

Critical Thinking and Creative Arts

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth Todd, University of Alabama; Garry Warren, University of Alabama; Susan Burkett, University of Alabama; David Cordes, University of Alabama; Marcus Brown, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

articles. One faculty member is responsible for identifying approximately fourarticles each week that form the basis for our initial discussion. The specific articles that will bediscussed are determined by a vote at the start of the meeting as students get their food and drink.IntroductionA group of engineering students and faculty have been engaged in a weekly discussion of articlesfrom the ‘Science’ section of the New York Times. This is facilitated through the New YorkTimes student readership program. The program supplies free copies of the newspaper tostudents (and faculty) on college campuses. It provides a forum for students and faculty toengage in discussions surrounding the current news, each bringing their own expertise andopinion to the

Conference Session

Liberal Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanne Lax, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

12.800.8ConclusionToday’s students need to be prepared to communicate electronically with audiences throughoutthe world. Since email may be their first (and perhaps only) contact with someone, studentsmust understand how the effort they put into their email will create a positive (or negative)impression. Despite English being the lingua franca of the scientific/business world, emailwriters need to be aware of culturally appropriate greetings and signatures. In addition, adoptingthe appropriate tone in email discourse is very important to the reception and successfulinterpretation of the intended message. Indeed, with the large numbers of internationalundergraduates currently enrolled in North American engineering programs, we have anadditional obligation to

Conference Session

Liberal Education for 21st Century Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Grondin, Arizona State University; Chell Roberts, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

contemporary business, global, economic, environmental and societal contexts.In this paper we will discuss the structure of our program, our hopes for studentdemographics, how it relates to our student’s life goals, the logic behind the developmentof the perspective outcome, the methods by which we pursue its development in thestudent and an assessment of our relative success in our first generation of graduates.Differentiating ValuesAs mentioned above, the main constraint that we faced in our program design was how todifferentiate our new engineering program from those already in existence at ASU.While accreditation would supply an official distinction, we felt that this would probablynot be of great concern to many entering freshmen. We looked

Conference Session

Normative Commitments and Public Engagement in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Lucena, Colorado School of Mines; Jen Schneider, Colorado School of Mines; Jon Leydens, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

Engineering World Health(EWH). There has been a blossoming of ETH-related programs in the US and abroad, asevidenced, for example, by the large number of EWB chapters in universities worldwide and theupsurge of engineering design courses and extra-curricular activities with ETH-dimensions andgoals. At the same time, there is increasing questioning into and assessment of the processes andoutcomes of such projects (e.g., Schneider, Lucena and Leydens, 2009; Nieusma and Riley,2010). Engineers have, up to this point, rarely engaged in such critical questioning: generally,there is a lack of student- and faculty-friendly critical reflections of engineers’ involvement inETH work. The question arises: what critical reflections might emerge from learning

Conference Session

Communication - Needs and Methods

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Lockwood, University of Calgary; Daryl Caswell, University of Calgary; Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

of an engineer’s skill set.Working from the theory that students learn best in an authentic environement4, as wellas the understanding that students strongly prefer work that is relevant, clear andengaging3, the team at S___ has integrated communications into their first year designcourse, which is itself a hands-on, real-world engineering course. This has resulted in thehiring of a communications instructor who is dedicated to the first year program, anddoes not have additional obligations to another department. During the process ofintegrating this instructor, three distinct roles for this instructor have developed, each ofwhich serves the team and the course in ways that an instructor from another departmentcould not.Course

Conference Session

Liberal Education for 21st Century Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nadia Kellam, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Tracie Costantino, University of Georgia; Bonnie Cramond, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

one, so that the student will not learn to think of theacademic program as a set of disparate and unconnected requirements.”9An analysis of the relevant literature suggests that some integrated learning opportunities exist intypical engineering programs.7, 10-11 Indicative of this are efforts to integrate student learning inengineering through capstone Senior Design experiences and more recently through freshmenengineering courses.11 This approach to an integrated curriculum with a freshmen engineeringcourse at the beginning of the curriculum paired with a capstone course at the end of thecurriculum has moved us closer towards the goal of an integrated curriculum, thus giving thestudents more opportunities to integrate their learning.11With

Conference Session

Learning to Communicate with Engineers and Non-Engineers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judith Norback, Georgia Institute of Technology; Nicoleta Serban, Georgia Institute of Technology; Nagi Gebraeel, Georgia Institute of Technology; Garlie Forehand, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2008-2847: COMMUNICATION INSTRUCTION IN AN ENGINEERINGINTRODUCTORY STATISTICS COURSEJudith Norback, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Judith Norback is the Director of Workplace and Academic Communication in Georgia Tech’s Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering. She received her B.A. magna cum laude from Cornell University and her Masters and Ph.D. from Princeton. Before joining Georgia Tech in 2000, she taught at Rutgers University, worked in job-related basic skills research at Educational Testing Service, and then founded and directed the Center for Skills Enhancement, Inc. Her research and curriculum development interests lie in workforce communication skills

Conference Session

Writing and Communication II: Practical Perspectives on Teaching and Assessment

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Jernquist, U.S. Coast Guard Academy; David Godfrey, U.S. Coast Guard Academy; Todd Taylor, U.S. Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

HANDBOOK – A CASE STUDYAbstractEffective written communication is one of the most important skills an engineer can have. Yet,growing numbers of undergraduate students leave first-year composition courses without theskills, self-discipline and strategies to write effectively. This is especially troublesome forengineering students as they transition to the writing skills and styles appropriate to engineeringat the same time as they struggle to improve their fundamental writing skills. In an effort todevelop the writing skills of engineering undergraduates at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, theElectrical Engineering and Naval Architecture/Marine Engineering programs have developed aclose collaboration with the USCGA writing

Conference Session

Innovative Courses/Pedagogies in Liberal Education II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Catalano, State University of New York, Binghamton

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

writings of E.F. Schumacher. Cases includedin the course focus on hydraulic fracturing and its possible use in Upstate New York and the oilspill associated with the Exxon Valdez.IntroductionA new course has been introduced into the undergraduate engineering program which focuses onsustainable engineering from a complex systems perspective. Sustainable engineering, one facetin the broader discussion of sustainability, can be defined as environmentally conscious attitudes,values, and principles, combined with science, technology, and engineering practice, to developproducts and processes directed toward enhancing the human experience while improving localand global environmental quality. It begins with our ability to model nature

Conference Session

Tree-huggers, Diggers, and Queers--Oh my!

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin Cech, University of California, San Diego; Tom Waidzunas, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

California San Diego. He received bachelor's degrees in Electrical Engineering and Sociology from the University of Texas at Austin and practiced engineering for five years in the semiconductor industry. His research studies the social underpinnings of scientific controversies related to sexuality, as well as inequalities within scientific and technical fields. Page 14.1384.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 “Engineers Who Happen to be Gay:” Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students’ Experiences in EngineeringAbstractWhile much is known about the experiences of women and

Conference Session

Writing Is Fundamental

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Murali Krishnamurthi, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

Education, 2009 Scaffolding Techniques for Improving Engineering Students’ Writing SkillsAbstractWriting is related to critical thinking and good writing skills help students improve theiracademic performance. Engineering students as well as engineering courses have some uniqueneeds and issues when it comes to writing, and require better approaches to improve students’writing skills. Scaffolding is one such approach to teach writing skills as it builds students’writing skills gradually from simple to complex tasks, and helps students become better writers.This paper describes the successful use of scaffolding techniques to improve students’ writingskills in three engineering courses. The scaffolding

Conference Session

Approaches to Learning Outcomes Assessment in Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Kami Carey, Howard University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2007-1011: THE ROAD TO THE GLOBAL ENGINEER: USING LIBERALARTS PREREQUISITES EFFECTIVELY IN ENGINEERING DESIGNLorraine Fleming, Howard University LORRAINE FLEMING is professor and former Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering at Howard University. Dr. Fleming serves as the Co-Principal Investigator of a National Science Foundation HBCU Undergraduate Program grant designed to increase the number of underrepresented minorities who pursue degrees in engineering, mathematics, and science. She serves as the Principal Investigator of an NSF grant designed to study the post baccalaureate decisions of high achieving Black STEM students. She is also a 2005 Scholar at the Carnegie

Conference Session

Communication - Needs and Methods

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Nicometo, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Kevin Anderson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Traci Nathans-Kelly, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Thomas McGlamery, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

thisgap between educational preparation and practice in the field. It seems clear, based on this workand associated work of others, that to become “more than just engineers,” in the field, ourengineering students require more authentic, situated, and socially complex preparation thanmuch of what the curriculum currently provides.Bibliography1. National Academy of Engineering (NAE). (2004) The Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education tothe New Century. Washington, D.C.2. ABET Criteria for Evaluating Engineering Programs, (2007). Page 15.1391.93. Crawley, E. F., Malmqvist, J., Östlund, S., & Brodeur, D. R. (2007). Rethinking

Conference Session

Historical Perspectives for Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Maines, Cornell University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

, available athttp://soa.utexas.edu/faculty/moore/syllabi/syllabus_hbt.pdf, accessed 6 March 2010.10 Makarechi, Yar. "CM 3500-001 Building codes [syllabus]." Marietta GA: SouthernPolytechnic State University. Department of Construction Management, 2010, available athttp://www.spsu.edu/cnst/CNSTWEB/Course%20Schedules/Spring%202010/Dr.Yar/CNST3500_001SyllabusSpring2010.pdf, accessed 6 March 2010.11 Westwood College. School of Business, Denver CO. "Construction management."http://www.westwood.edu/programs/school-of-business/construction-management/ [webpage],2010, accessed 6 March 2010.12 Middle Tennessee State University. Engineering Technology Department, Murfreesboro TN."Commercial construction management," http://www.mtsu.edu

Conference Session

Liberal Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Walsh, California Polytechnic State University; Stacey Breitenbach, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

catalytic value of the program for interdisciplinary faculty relations • the internal and external perception of the programConclusionThe unprecedented impact of engineering on every facet of modern life demands that engineersbehave in new ways. This is true not only in the context of the character of degree programs weprovide for engineering graduates, but in the ways we formally connect with other disciplines atthe university. We must create a cadre of informed interdisciplinary leaders, within and outsideof engineering, by creating a substantive experience that leads to deep understanding oftechnology and its role in our society. We hope to expose students to key challenges, particularlythrough experiential learning, whose solutions can be

Conference Session

Liberal Education for 21st Century Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Betty Harper, Pennsylvania State University; Lisa Lattuca, Pennsylvania State University; Alexander Yin, Penn State University; Patrick Terenzini, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

were toinform analyses of a closely related set of case studies, the sample was also refined to includethree institutions offering general engineering programs. Together, these programs (plus generalengineering) accounted for 70 percent of all baccalaureate engineering degrees awarded in 2007.The sampling frame was drawn from the American Society for Engineering Education’s databaseusing institution and program-level information for the 2007-08 academic year for currently Page 15.844.7enrolled students and faculty.A 6x3x2 disproportionate stratified random sample was drawn using the following strata: sixdiscipline levels, three levels of

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradley Rogers, Arizona State University; Dale Palmgren, Arizona State University; Dennis Giever, Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Mary Lynn Garcia, Sandia National Laboratories

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

33credits. Coursework specific to security engineering consisted of four courses, with theremaining five courses being related electives. Two of the core courses were consecutivesecurity systems engineering courses based on the Sandia methodology. These courses weresupplemented by courses in Security Technology and Instrumentation, and Security RiskManagement. Additional courses offered specific to security include explosives, simulation andmodeling, and cyber security. At the outset of the program, the security engineering courseswere taught by personnel from Sandia National Laboratories. Subsequently, the courses havebeen offered on demand by ASU faculty.Graduates of the program at ASU were all successful in obtaining employment in the

Conference Session

Venturing Out: Service Learning, Study Abroad, and Criterion H

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University; Anthony Smith, CPE-LYON FRANCE

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

AC 2008-1993: SUMMER ON-SITE IMMERSION IN FRENCH LANGUAGE ANDENGINEERINGDavid Ollis, North Carolina State University DAVID F. OLLIS is Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University. His recent NSF DTS grant "CROSS-COLLEGE COLLABORATIONS" has included engineering participation in stateside and overseas foreign language courses in Spanish and French.Anthony Smith, CPE-LYON FRANCE Anthony Smith is Professor of Chemistry and Director of International Relations, CPE-Lyon, Lyon, France. He is the Director of the CPE-Lyon Summer Program which combines French language instruction with a laboratory experience in chemical engineering and

Conference Session

Liberal Education for 21st Century Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cherrice Traver, Union College; J. Douglas Klein, Union College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

in Education conference. Her teaching interests are in the Computer Engineering area including Digital Design, Embedded Systems, and VLSI. She has co-taught international project courses in Turkey and in Spain. Her research has been focused on timing issues in digital systems. She has directed local and national outreach programs,including Robot Camp and the P. O. Pistilli Scholarship.J. Douglas Klein, Union College J. Douglass Klein is Dean of Interdisciplinary Studies and Special Programs and Professor of Economics at Union College. Klein joined the Union faculty in 1979, after earning a BA in Mathematics at Grinnell College, and a PhD in Economics at the University of Wisconsin

Conference Session

Normative Commitments and Public Engagement in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Downey, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

importanceof having personal and work identities that challenge one another, keeping both stimulated andvibrant. A career commitment to service led to work on international standards, where herealized that participants tended to assume deployment in the developed or near-developedworld, without much thought of the possibility that not all technology is appropriate for thedeveloping world. Asserting that the goal of the engineering profession is to actually help people,Dan asserts that an expansive life insures expansive work by forcing a focus on broader impact.3. Expanding the practitioner to fit the person-Margaret Pinnell More importantly, when I was asked to manage programs developing war-related materials I also found my job to be in

Conference Session

Learning to Communicate with Engineers and Non-Engineers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Potter, Iowa State University; John Jackman, Iowa State University; K. Jo Min, Iowa State University; Matthew Search, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

. Page 13.71.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 A New Engineering Communications Course Based on a Professional Communications ProcessAbstractGiven the nationally recognized need to improve engineering students’ communication skills, anew engineering communication course was developed by the Industrial and ManufacturingSystems Engineering department at Iowa State University and offered in the Fall of 2007. Initialassessment results provide insight into student learning needs related to specific professionalcommunication skills. The course is characterized by a high degree of interaction and formativeassessment of students along with a unique core professional communication process consistingof (1) Analysis

Conference Session

Learning to Communicate with Engineers and Non-Engineers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mieke Schuurman, Pennsylvania State University; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University; Melissa Marshall, Pennsylvania State University; Christopher Johnstone, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

a single analysis; therefore, we tested at asignificance level of p = .005 (.05 / 10) for the multiple analyses with the individual items. Theresults showed no statistical differences on any of the individual items. Therefore, we concludethat students have a realistic perception of their oral communication abilities in general andbased on each individual topic related to oral communication.Effect of Engineering Sections on Gender and Ethnicity The third research question asked whether the engineering communication sectionsaffected women and underrepresented minority students differently from their male and majoritycounterparts. Unfortunately, only four women engineers and three students fromunderrepresented minorities participated