Collection

2013 GSW

Authors

Lana Rings

they are failing tocommunicate. Instead, they will ascribe negative personality traits and behavior to each other.That is because different cultures tend to assign differing interpretations to specific words,phrases, texts, and situations. Thus, what may be polite interaction in one culture may be aninsult in another. Furthermore, although Participant A may have learned Participant B’s language and speak it well with him or her, nevertheless, speaking the same language does not meanassigning the same meanings to spoken or written words. As Blum-Kulka and Oshtain say,“[S]econd language speakers might fail to communicate effectively, even when they have anexcellent grammatical and lexical command of the target language”1 (my italics). In other

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Noha Alharbi; Peter Cavanaugh

managing its technological resources toindependence [17]. Some also lack technical and financial improve services, products, and competitiveness [42]. TMabilities, making it difficult to enter the business world [18]. includes cloud computing, the Internet of Things, big data, andFamily responsibilities are also factors hindering women's artificial intelligence. TM and entrepreneurship foster growth,entrepreneurship [19]. Women face the challenge of balancing increase productivity, and create employment opportunitiessocial impact and financial sustainability, ensuring their [43]. The most important feature of entrepreneurship today isprojects remain viable while creating positive change [20]. employing

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Technical Session 4

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jin Woo Lee, California State University, Fullerton; Scott Louie

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

aerogel to the user’s sole to minimize the effect on the user in hot or cold environments.“Maybe the sole... So if say you're walking in an area that has a cold floor or hot floor… youwouldn't want your body heat to transfer out and go to the floor.”Add to existing Product:This behavior was shown in one participant as he developed an application in which the memoryshape alloy was an added component to drive the functionality of the machine. For example,David considered using the shape memory alloy to create a shutoff system for electronics when itoverheats:“To have a computer that shuts down the machine, it physically shuts itself down, depending onif it's heated to a certain point…A system overheats the shape of the system alters or the shape

Conference Session

First-year Programs: Research and Spatial Skills

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Susan Elaine Benzel, Colorado State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

spanned many areas of high tech culminating in a final role working with Hewlett Packard Labs as the Execution Program Manager for The Machine, and helping HPE develop their artificial intelligence strategy. The Machine – the world’s largest single-memory computer, located right here in Fort Collins – is reinventing the fundamental architecture of computers to enable a quantum leap in performance and efficiency, lowered costs over the long term and improved security. Over her 30 years, Susan also had the unique opportunity to work in almost every aspect of product development including marketing, support, training, certification, documentation, business development, and research and development program management. She

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gholam Ali Shaykhian, Florida Institute of Technology; Jinan Ziade, Westcliff University; Mohd Abdelgadir Khairi, Najran University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #24909Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Globalization and the Role of Cul-tureDr. Gholam Ali Shaykhian, Florida Institute of Technology Gholam Shaykhian has received a Master of Science (M.S.) degree in Computer Systems from University of Central Florida and a second M.S. degree in Operations Research from the same university and has earned a Ph.D. in Operations Research from Florida Institute of Technology. His research interests include knowledge management, data mining, object-oriented methodologies, design patterns, software safety, genetic and optimization algorithms and data mining. Dr. Shaykhian is a

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniela Solomon, Case Western Reserve University; Brian C. Gray, Case Western Reserve University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

Paper ID #21450Applicability of Evidence-based Acquisition Model to Collection Develop-ment in Engineering SubjectsMrs. Daniela Solomon, Case Western Reserve University Daniela Solomon is Research Services Librarian for Biomedical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electri- cal Engineering and Computer Science, Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University. She is interested in bibliometrics, altmetrics, data management, and library instruction.Mr. Brian C. Gray, Case Western Reserve University Brian C. Gray is the Team Leader for Research

Conference Session

Institutional Capacity and Supportive Structures in Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Houshang Darabi, University of Illinois at Chicago; Fazle Shahnawaz Muhibul Karim, University of Illinois at Chicago; Samuel Thomas Harford, University of Illinois at Chicago; Elnaz Douzali, University of Illinois at Chicago; Peter C Nelson, University of Illinois, Chicago; Ashkan Sharabiani, Exelon Corporation

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

programs. Dr. Darabi has been the lead developer of several educational software systems as well as the author of multiple ed- ucational reports and papers. Some of these products/reports have already been launched/completed and are now in use. Others are in their development stages. Dr. Darabi’s research group uses Big Data, process mining, data mining, Operations Research, high performance computing, and visualization techniques to achieve its research and educational goals.Mr. Fazle Shahnawaz Muhibul Karim, University of Illinois at Chicago Fazle Karim is an aspiring data scientist who is completing his PhD in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering department at University of Illinois at Chicago. He

Conference Session

Revitalization of Manufacturing Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derek M. Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University; Jeffrey L. Newcomer, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

utilize state-of-the-art CAD/CAM technology in support of fabricationactivities. Examples of these include classes in Computer-Numerical Control and Mold Making.It was decided in consultation with local industry, that the preservation of these experienceswithin the new engineering curriculum was to remain a key part of the program’s and ENGDdepartment’s mission. It was also viewed as a way of customizing the new engineering programto the needs of local and regional industry. This presented significant logistical challenges as thenew programs also needed to be configured to satisfy ABET’s EAC criteria and programobjectives, where design experiences are highly valued. The efforts and results of doing this willbe described in this paper.Other unique

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division: Curricula, Criteria, Student Performance, and Growth

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ran Du P.E., United States Military Academy ; Michael A. Butkus, U.S. Military Academy; Jeffrey A. Starke P.E., U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Engineering Seminar. LTC Starke has published over 10 peer reviewed research arti- cles and has presented his research at national and international meetings (most recently Portugal). Most recently, he led a service learning project with 5 students to build a latrine-based biogas system in west- ern Uganda for an elementary school of 1400 students. LTC Starke is a registered Professional Engineer (Delaware), member of several professional associations, and is a member of the National Council of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (NCEES). c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank Dr. Ed Bouwer (Johns Hopkins

Conference Session

Teaching Experiences in OME

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Bruno; Alistair Greig; Robert Mayer; Jennifer Waters

core curriculum of applied sciences, engineeringsciences, design, management and the humanities coupled with a long-standing honour system.The curriculum is intended to provide for development of competencies that go beyond thepurely technical. These competencies include: ability to analyze and provide creative solutionsto problems, self reliance in approaching open-ended problems, effective teamwork andcommunication skills, an understanding of environmental issues, and knowledge ofentrepreneurial concepts.Stevens offers undergraduate programs of concentration in the following disciplines: Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Civil Engineering Computer Engineering Electrical Engineering Engineering

Conference Session

Industry Initiatives for Graduate Programs

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Elaine Laws

thisprogram the awards were equally divided between fellowships and grants, while in CRFPonly fellowships were awarded. Grants were designed to provide small annual stipendsthat could be used towards expenses not generally covered by other financial awards.Expenses covered by grants included funds for childcare, personal computing hardwareand software and visits to other university research labs. Grant students were assignedmentors and were required to spend the first summer before attending graduate school asinterns at the Labs, establishing close connections between them and their Bell Labsmentors.In the early years, four to five students were identified annually for fellowship or grantsupport in each of the CRFP and GRPW programs with support

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Yaw A. Owusu; Tarsha Dargan; Kimberly M. Richardson; James Thagard

has not yet learned to transforminto useful products efficiently.2.1 The Master Equation for ECDM ApplicationHuman population growth is, of course, a major factor fueling explosive industrial growth andexpanded use and consumption of materials. Since 1970, human population has grown 8-fold: itis now approximately 6 billion and is anticipated to peak at between 10 and 15 billion late in thetwenty-first century. The stresses on many aspects of the earth system are strongly influenced bythe needs of the population that must be provided for and by the standard of living thatpopulation desires. One of the famous expressions of these driving forces is provided by the so-called “master equation”: Environmental impact = (population) x ((GDP

Conference Session

FPD XI: Tidbits and Cookies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Emery Mertz, Arizona State University; Sara A. Atwood, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

%, Computer Science andEngineering 6%, and Electrical Engineering 8%), and is 31% female and 69% malewhich is roughly representative of the gender distribution at the institution studied.The second administration site was a large (undergraduate student population of > 50,000students) Southwestern public research institution. While the majority of the studentpopulation can be considered traditional (as defined above), there is a slightly larger non-traditional student population than at the other institutions. At this institution, thestudents are admitted directly into their chosen discipline upon admission to theuniversity. The “Introduction to Engineering” course varies somewhat between thedifferent engineering disciplines; however, the version

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Kenneth Kelmer; James Thrower; Larry Silverberg; Scott Kiefer

, American Society for Engineering Education Introductory controls courses are usually taken during the junior or senior years in bothcurricula. By this time, most electrical engineering majors have already taken courses in linearsystems, analog circuits, and companion analog circuits laboratories. Furthermore, the systemconcepts covered in these classes, like s-domain analysis and block diagrams, are used in otherundergraduate electrical engineering classes, such as circuit analysis, computer communications,and signal processing. By the time electrical engineering majors get to controls, they have hadthe fundamental courses to apply control theory to analog circuits. This helps the electricalengineering students to see that control theory is

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 26

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sushant Makarand Padhye, University of Cincinnati; David Reeping, University of Cincinnati; Nahal Rashedi , University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Paper ID #42157Analyzing Trends in Curricular Complexity and Extracting Common CurricularDesign PatternsSushant Makarand Padhye, University of Cincinnati Sushant Padhye is a sophomore majoring in electrical engineering and an Undergraduate Research Assistant at the University of Cincinnati.Dr. David Reeping, University of Cincinnati Dr. David Reeping is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering and Computing Education at the University of Cincinnati. He earned his Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Virginia Tech and was a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow. He received his B.S. in Engineering

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maimuna Begum Kali, Florida International University; Syed Ali Kamal, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Matilde Luz Sanchez-Pena, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Paper ID #44302Association of Religiosity and Help-Seeking among International Students inUndergraduate Engineering EducationMaimuna Begum Kali, Florida International University Maimuna Begum Kali is a Ph.D. candidate in the Engineering and Computing Education program at the School of Universal Computing, Construction, and Engineering Education (SUCCEED) at Florida International University (FIU). She earned her B.Sc. in Computer Science and Engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). Kali’s research interests center on exploring the experiences of marginalized engineering students, with a

Conference Session

Managing Dual-Career Issues

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne R. Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Beena Sukumaran, Rowan University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, Kettering University; Donna Reese, Mississippi State University; Brian P. Kirkmeyer, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Kettering University. Her career has spanned industry, academia and state government appointments. In 2008-2009, she was selected an American Council on Education Fellow and completed her internship at Harvey Mudd College with her ACE mentor, President Maria Klawe. Currently she serves as the founding chair of the Kettering University Planning and Assessment Council and treasurer of the ASEE Women in Engineering Division. She is married with three children.Donna Reese, Mississippi State University Donna Reese is a professor and interim head of the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Mississippi State University. She has been at Mississippi State since 1989 and served

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Omar McFarlane Sweeney, University of Florida; Vani Ruchika Pabba, University of Florida; Fazil T. Najafi, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Papers

and the University of Oxford.Vani Ruchika Pabba, University of Florida Vani Ruchika Pabba holds a Master of Science in Computer Science from the Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering at the University of Florida, where she served as a Graduate Research Assistant. Her research focuses on artificial intelligence in education, including natural language processing for automated grading and feedback generation, multi-modal learning (integrating vision and language models), and generative AI. Her broader interests include sustainable computing, IoT, and the development of smart cities and connected environments. Prior to her graduate studies, she accumulated three years of professional experience as a

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael S. Leonard; Donald E. Beasley; D. Jack Elzinga

second ingredient to teach students duringtheir engineering education is skill. Skill is defined in the Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary as “the ability touse one’s knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance.” In other words, knowledge is what islearned and skill is the ability to use the learned information. The following example illustrates the difference between knowledge and skill. Students in a differentialequations course gain knowledge about the existence and uniqueness of solutions of differential equations,about superposition of solutions and about solution techniques such as separation of variables. Later thisknowledge can be developed into skills involving differential equations such as modeling and

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Donald V. Richardson

these steps are onlyimplied. Instruction delivered by computer simulation frequently ignores most of these steps.I. INTRODUCTIONWhile computer simulations of experimental processes can be valuable because they save timeand allow greater progress in limited class time, both professors and students must recognize andunderstand the essential steps of an experiment as detailed below. Class discussion should ex-plore these steps at the beginning of a course.The seven essential steps of any experiment are: a.) PROBLEM: Recognizing a need to either find answers to a new situation or further de- velop a field of study. b.) DESIGN: The experimental apparatus and procedure visualized to accomplish the desired result whether using standard

Conference Session

EMD Technical Session 1: Captstone, Ethics, and Statistical Methods

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Jaurez, National University; Ben Radhakrishnan, National University; Nelson Altamirano, National University

Paper ID #37968Application of Artificial Intelligence and the CynefinFramework to establish a Statistical System Prediction andControl (SSPC) in Engineering Education.James Jay Jaurez (Professor) Dr. Jaurez is a dedicated Academic Program Director and Associate Professor in Information Technology Management at National University where he has served since 2004. Dr. Jaurez is also a FIRST Robotics Head Coach since 2014 and leads outreach in robotics to the community through partnerships with Makerplace, Steam MakerFest, UCSD Create, Learning for Life, and many others over his over 19 years as an educator. Dr. Jaurez

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 2: The Study of Identity in Engineering Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mackenzie Beckmon Sharbine, Harding University; James L. Huff, Harding University; Nicola W. Sochacka, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Benjamin Okai, Harding University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. James Huff is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Education and teaches courses in design thinking and ethics. In the context of his research lab Beyond Professional Identity (BPI), he mentors undergrad- uate students, doctoral students, and academic professionals in using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as a qualitative research method to conduct psychological investigations on identity as experienced in and out of professional domains. He received his Ph.D. in Engineering Education and M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Purdue University. Dr. Huff also received his B.S. in Computer Engineering from Harding UniversityDr. Nicola W. Sochacka, University of Georgia Dr. Nicola Sochacka is

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Curricular Programs

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Olina Wisniewski, Northeastern University ; Rachel Lauren Shapiro, Northeastern University; Emma Kaeli, Northeastern University ; Kristen Barbara Coletti, Georgia Institute of Technology; Paul A. DiMilla, Northeastern University; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

males used some form of SI, and from the fall 2013 semester, when 82% of females and 60%of males used some form of SI. [15] [16] Several studies indicate that females not only seem to havemore positive attitudes, but are also more intrinsically interested in learning. [17] In contrast, malefreshmen feel a greater threat to their self-confidence if they require additional help to succeedand master course material. Although there are gender differences in attitudes towards SI, it hasbeen reported that both male and female students benefit equally from SI. [18] To explore suchissues we previously have examined what “trigger points” led students to take advantage ofresources available for SI and how these trigger points correlated with grades. In

Conference Session

Student Empathy and Human-Centered Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benedikt von Unold, Stanford University; Annette Isabel Böhmer, Laboratory for Product Development and Lightweight Design; Tua A. Björklund, Aalto University Design Factory; Nicolas Ledl, Stanford University; Udo Lindemann, Laboratory for Product Development and Lightweight Design; George Toye, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

executive. Having worked on a diverse range of projects ranging from nuclear power plant control systems to digital libraries, he is a self-professed technology junkie — a perpetual misfit who enjoys mixing it up. In mechanical engineering circles, he is often labeled the ”information technology” guy; amongst computer science folks, he is the ”computer hardware” person; or to electrical engineers, he is the ”mechanical” person. More often than not, he is simply one with a holistic systems perspective. At Stanford, George has been senior research associate, associate director at Stanford Center for Design Research, and associate director of technology at Stanford Learning Lab.Dr. Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University Sheri

Conference Session

Build Diversity in Engineering Graduate Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiffany Simon, Columbia University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

thispaper is to identify factors that influence African Americans to pursue and complete doctoraldegrees in engineering and applied science disciplines. Through the stories of study participants,insight into what is necessary to successfully complete graduate engineering and applied scienceeducation is documented. Principles of Critical Race Theory (CRT), two doctoral degree persistence models, andgraduate student persistence literature served as the conceptual framework for this study. In-depth and focus group interviews were conducted to learn about the factors that positivelyimpacted the persistence of 19 African Americans who earned doctoral degrees in engineeringand applied science disciplines from their lived experiences. Encouragement

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Paras Mandal, University of Texas, El Paso; Eric D Smith, University of Texas, El Paso; Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Oscar H. Salcedo, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #10683Fusing Green Energy into Manufacturing Engineering Education to Culti-vate Technical SuccessProf. Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso Tzu-Liang (Bill) Tseng is an associate professor of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering at University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). He received his M.S. degree in Decision Sciences at University of Wisconsin-Madison and his Ph.D. degree in Industrial Engineering at University of Iowa. His research focuses on the computational intelligence, data mining, bio- informatics and advanced manufacturing. Dr. Tseng published in many refereed journals such

Conference Session

Research Methodologies – Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debalina Maitra, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Diego Reyes

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Paper ID #38645Death by 1000 cuts: Workshopping from Black engineering narratives frominterview to stageDr. Debalina Maitra, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus Debalina Maitra is a Post-doctoral Research Associate at ASU. Prior to her current role, Debalina Maitra was employed by CAFECS (Chicago Alliance for Equity in Computer Science), a NSF-funded Research Practice Partnership, for almost two years. She complDr. Brooke Charae Coley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Brooke Coley, PhD is an Assistant Professor in Engineering at the Polytechnic School of the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Manning, Clemson University; Catherine Mobley, Clemson University; Marisa Orr, Clemson University; Catherine Brawner; Rebecca Brent; Michael Tidwell, Clemson University

Richard Felder, Teaching and Learning STEM: A Practical Guide. She earned a B.A. in Music Education from Millsaps College in Jackson, MS, an M.Ed. in elementary education from Mississippi State University, and an Ed.D. in curriculum and teaching from Auburn University in AL. She holds a Certificate in Evaluation Practice from the Evaluators’ Institute at George Washington University. Prior to entering private consulting, she was an Associate Professor of Education at East Carolina University where she won an outstanding teacher award. In 2014, Dr. Brent was named a Fellow of the American Society for Engineering Education.Michael L Tidwell © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Minichiello, Utah State University; Hannah Wilkinson, Utah State University

understand student experience for the ultimate purpose of strengthening and diversifying the engineering workforce. Her most recent work explores the effects of mobile educational technology, online learning and distance education; metacognition and self-regulation, and contemporary engineering practice on engineering student learning and professional identity development. Angie graduated from the United State Military Academy at West Point with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. She later earned a master's degree in mechanical engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. in engineering education at Utah State University. In 2021, Angie's research earned her a National Science Foundation CAREER

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ari Sherris; Hua Li, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; David Ramirez; Tushar Sinha, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Francisco Haces Fernandez, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Christine Robbins, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Marisol Pirozzolo, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Mohammad Azayzeh, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Alberto Aguirre, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Danielle Maynard, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Yara Green-Jordan, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; jianhong Ren, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Mariee Cruz Mendoza, Texas A&M University-Kingsville

of Graduate Schools (CGS) [3] states that in the ideal STEM graduateeducation, graduate students should develop their own project-based learning opportunities thatare part of a team project effort. The CGS describes two major core competencies that STEMgraduate education should address, including the development of (1) scientific/technologicalliteracy and original research, and (2) leadership, interpersonal communication, professionalcompetencies including teamwork with experts in other disciplines and diverse culturalbackground, project management and pedagogical skills needed to plan and implement researchprojects that will meet 21st century development demands. The four-stage model oftransdisciplinary education detailed here provides an