Asee peer logo
Well-matched quotation marks can be used to demarcate phrases, and the + and - operators can be used to require or exclude words respectively
Displaying results 661 - 690 of 25315 in total
Conference Session
Computers in ME
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Kathy Stalcup; Javad Hashemi; Edward Anderson
Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory ImprovementProgram under grant DUE-0231406. Work under this grant is on-going. Page 8.431.7 “Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2003, American Society for Engineering Education”BibliographyAvouris, N. M., Tselios, N., and Tatakis, E. C. (2001). Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based Laboratory Teaching Tool, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 9(1).Bhandari, A. and Shor, M. (1998). Access to an Instructional Control Laboratory Experiment through the World Wide
Conference Session
Innovative Teaching and Assessment Tools
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cheryl Willis, University of Houston; Susan Miertschin, University of Houston
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
AC 2010-2153: CENTERING RESONANCE ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FORASSESSMENTCheryl Willis, University of Houston Cheryl Willis is an Associate Professor of Information Systems Technology at the University of Houston. She received her Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of Florida. Her teaching focus is primarily on applications development and database management. Her research interests include curriculum revision processes for career and technology programs; service learning in information technology undergraduate programs and the use of emerging technologies in undergraduate teaching. She has developed curriculum for business education and information technology at the secondary
Conference Session
Computing Technology Applications-II
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tamer Omar, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Srikanth Venkatesan, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Abdelfattah Amamra, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Tagged Divisions
Computing and Information Technology
bachelor’s degree more than master’s degree.Therefore, developing bachelor’s degree with cybersecurity concentration is the future trend ofcybersecurity education.Cybersecurity science is not only related to computer and engineering science. However, it isrelated to many different domains, such as information science, business and management,psychology, criminal justice and forensic science. Therefore, cybersecurity programs should beinterdisciplinary to provide students with strong skills and knowledge in different areas.Cybersecurity is science and this science requires the application of mathematics to solveproblems, design processes, measures, and tools; therefore, cybersecurity research centers/labshave a positive impact on cybersecurity
Conference Session
Track 2 - Session I - Curriculum Development
Collection
2013 ASEE International Forum
Authors
Keith Willey, University of Technology Sydney; Anne P Gardner, University of Technology, Sydney
Tagged Topics
Invited - Curriculum Development
and journal articles. Keith is the Project Manager and lead developer of the self and peer assessment software tool known as SPARKPLUS. This software is currently being used by faculty at over 20 Australian Universities and several Universities and High Schools in Europe Asia and North and South America.Mrs. Anne P Gardner, University of Technology, Sydney ANNE GARDNER is a member of the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology at the Univer- sity of Technology, Sydney (UTS). Anne’s research is in engineering education where she works with Dr. Willey in improving understanding of the learning associated with and assessment of collaborative learn- ing, workplace learning by professional engineers, and
Conference Session
Curriculum Development and Applications
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rafiqul Noorani, Loyola Marymount University; Louis Rodriguez, Loyola Marymount University; Michael Givens, Loyola Marymount University; Drew Christensen, Loyola Marymount University; Joe Foyos, Loyola Marymount University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
presentation.The goal of this paper is to describe and discuss the project-based learning in our freshmanengineering graphics course. The evaluation of student learning will also be discussed. Thispaper will describe how projects and teams are selected, the team dynamics, project leadershipand conflict resolution as they relate to each team. Several real-world projects such as design andprototyping of Boeing 737 aircraft, a functional flashlight will be described. This paper will alsodiscuss the assessment tools for evaluating the team-based projects.I IntroductionThe future of nation’s university and industry is dependent upon the orderly, competent,selective and timely acquisition of high technology in the form of computer graphics, computer-aided
Conference Session
Capstone Design Courses and Tools in support of Systems Engineering Education
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Xiaojing Yuan, University of Houston (CoT); Heidar Malki, University of Houston (CoT); Xiaohui Yuan, University of North Texas
Tagged Divisions
Systems Engineering
c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Developing System-Thinking Oriented Learning Modules of Networked Measurement Systems for Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum Xiaojing Yuan1, Heidar Malki1, Gangbing Song2, Xiaohui Yuan3 1. Engineering Technology Department, University of Houston 2. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Houston 3. Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of North TexasAbstractThis paper describes the design of a set of system-thinking oriented learning modules of networkmeasurement systems for data acquisition and instrumentation courses. The courseware wasdesigned based entirely on open source components
Conference Session
Laboratory Development in ECE Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahmed Rubaai, Howard University; Ramesh Chawla, Howard University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
applications.Rapid Control Prototyping EnvironmentThe fusion of dSPACE DSP/MATLAB Simulink and MATLAB Real-Time Workshop (RTW)fruitfully produced a rapid control prototyping tool that provided a means for the rapiddevelopment and testing of control algorithms by real-time control of an actual target systemthrough a flexible, extensible multiprocessor environment. Under this unique environmentundergraduate students may well perform computer simulation, evaluate the simulated responseof a system, develop, and verify the performance of traditional and advanced control laws in asimulated mode. The students can then easily install the developed controllers to hardware allwithin the same routine interface. The student has the ability to simulate a control system
Conference Session
Digital Circuits, Architecture, Embedded Systems
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Guodong Wang, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts; Yanxiao . Zhao, Virginia Commonwealth University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)
outside of the traditional classroom. They developed a self-study platformthat includes a variety of multimedia resources, such as video lectures, interactive simulations, andquizzes, to support students' learning and to provide additional opportunities for practice andassessment. The research of [3] investigated the feasibility of developing the Digital ElectronicsPracticum Guidance Module with Logisim applications. The study concluded that the module withLogisim was a suitable tool for digital electronics practical exercises. Those methods significantlychanged the traditional teaching and learning style in digital circuit design, which sometimesmakes it difficult for both teachers and students to adopt those methods. [4] introduced how to
Conference Session
SE Curriculum and Course Management
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joseph Clifton, University of Wisconsin-Platteville
Tagged Divisions
Software Engineering Constituent Committee
AC 2008-927: A SOFTWARE ENGINEERING TOOL FOR MANAGING COURSEPROJECTSJoseph Clifton, University of Wisconsin-Platteville Joseph M. Clifton is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering at the University of Wisconsin – Platteville. He has a Ph.D. from Iowa State University. His interests include software engineering, real-time embedded systems, and software engineering education. Page 13.105.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 A Software Engineering Tool for Managing Course ProjectsAbstractIn the fall of 2006 and spring of 2007, the students in our
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Howard A. Smolleck; Nadipuram Prasad; Barbara Powell; Bhargava Jayanti; Shakir Manshad; Sashadry Divakaria; Paul Arellanes
Session 1620 A SOFTWARE LEARNING TOOL FOR VECTOR AND COMPLEX-NUMBER FUNDAMENTALS: TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT Howard A. Smolleck, Nadipuram R. Prasad, Barbara Powell, Bhargava Jayanti, Shakir Manshad, Sashadry Divakarla, Paul Arellanes Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Mexico State UniversityAbstractWorking under a National Science Foundation Advanced Technological Education (NSF/ATE)grant, the authors have been involved for two years in the development of graphical, interactivesoftware for use by students in Engineering and Technology
Conference Session
Virtual Instruction and Collaboration
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Pilar Pazos, Old Dominion University; Nina Magpili
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
collaboration such as development of shared team cognition, clarifying goals andexpectations, using communication and collaboration technologies and communicating withdiverse project stakeholders (internal and external customers). Instructional and proceduralscaffolds embedded with information and communication technologies have great potential assuitable mediums for enhancing these processes. They can also support the development ofcritical teamwork skills. This paper describes and evaluates an evidence-based interventionaimed at supporting team processes in distributed student teams. The platform and associatedactivities and tools were focused on developing key team processes identified in the teameffectiveness literature from industrial and
Conference Session
Assessment and Curriculum Development
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Branimir Pejcinovic, Portland State University; Melinda Holtzman, Portland State University; Andrew Greenberg, Portland State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)
fix the deficiencies was not effective.While there are introductory level project-based courses in the first year, students do not haveenough technical background to make the projects technically challenging. While they may getsome teamwork experience from such courses, they usually only get very basic, if any, trainingin project management. This is why we decided to introduce our cornerstone courses in thesophomore year.We developed a two-quarter-long course sequence: one focused on design processes and anotheron project implementation [1-6]. We had two overarching goals: 1. Teach students design and project development well before senior Capstone projects. 2. Integrate various strands of electrical and computer engineering through
Conference Session
Capstone Manufacturing and Design
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Engineering Technology); Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng.)
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
,mastering CAD/CAM, Computer Numerical Control (CNC), and automation methods areincreasingly becoming essential tools in the design, prototyping and manufacturing of complexsystems. In this paper, an inter-disciplinary design project towards the development of a miniCNC milling machine is presented. Since purchasing and installing traditional CNC equipmentis not an option for every campus of Drexel University or similar engineering schools, analternative solution to providing hands on experience with CNC equipment is desirable. A CNCmachine with a desktop form factor which would be easily transported between campuses wouldeliminate the need for multiple traditional CNC machines and would improve the quality of theMET316-CNC course by providing more
Conference Session
Curriculum Development and Applications
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Claude Villiers, Florida Gulf Coast University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
of the data may be used toassess improved student learning and perhaps enrollment growth in the program. Data gatheredcan also be used to assess the “G” and “K” outcomes (effective communicate and use of modernengineering tools) from the ABET criteria. Other schools can also use this approach to increasestudent participation and improve student learning in engineering computer graphics courses. AcknowledgementsThe author would like to thank Dr. Cynthia J Orndoff, the university architect, and all the invitedguests for their guidance. The author would also like to acknowledge Mr. Fenold Alexis and Mr.Ebony Hamilton for their support. My sincere appreciation goes to all the students inEngineering Computer Graphics at Florida Gulf Coast
Conference Session
Computers in Education Division Poster Session
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Thalia Anagnos, San Jose State University; Alicia L. Lyman-Holt, Oregon State University; Sean P. Brophy, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
each summer. With only two to four students at each site, creating a sense of cohort among these 30 geographically distributed students can be difficult. One challenge is providing opportunities for all of the students to interact in ways that support each other’s research experience. In an attempt to maximize student learning and personal growth, the program coordinators have leveraged NEEShub, the cyberinfrastructure that interconnects the 14 NEES research sites, to engage students in professional development activities and peer- to-peer interaction. The REU program uses a combination of face-to-face and technology mediated interactions. Cyberinfrastructure tools to support interaction between cohorts at the different sites
Conference Session
Laboratory Developments and Innovations
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Tom Conte; Mesut Baran; Joel Trussell; Jack Brickley; Griff Bilbro; Greg Byrd; Cecilia Townsend; Ben O'Neal; Amir Mortazavi; Mehmet Ozturk
, which were fundamentally different thantraditional first courses on electric circuits. The new courses focused on ‘what’ to teach instead of‘how’ to teach. In the following paragraphs, we provide examples from these new courses withbrief descriptions of their objectives and contents.A sophomore level course was developed in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Departmentof the Rice University1. Guided by the breadth-first principle, the new introductory course wasdesigned to provide information on virtually all topics that the students would learn throughouttheir undergraduate education. The course was also intended to help the students understandwhat to expect from future advanced courses and eliminate the surprise factor. The course
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
G. Tong Zhou; Hong-Jing Lo
Session 3232 Developing Java-Based Virtual Laboratory Tools for 1an Undergraduate Random Signals and Noise Course G. Tong Zhou, Hong-Jing Lo Georgia Institute of TechnologyAbstract This paper describes a set of Java-based virtual laboratory" tools to enhance an under-graduate course EE3340 Random Signals and Noise" at Georgia Tech. Written in Java anddistributed freely on the Internet, these course modules are platform independent, architec-ture neutral, highly interactive, and run on any computer with a suitable browser. Theyare intended to help students grasp abstract and di cult
Conference Session
Curriculum and New Course Development in ET
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mihaela Radu, State University of New York - Farmingdale; Mircea Alexandru Dabacan, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
American Society for Engineering Education, 2016Restructuring Digital Design Courses in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Programs, Preparing the Engineer of 2020AbstractAs the complexity of microelectronic systems is steadily increasing, universities must updatetheir curriculum to cope with the increased demands of the industry. New technologies and toolsare frequently introduced into the engineering workplace, and educational programs must find away to integrate many of these into their offerings. In the areas of digital system design, theindustrial use of programmable logic devices (FPGA, CPLD), associated EDA tools and HDLlanguages is increasing rapidly and consequently the demand for highly qualified engineers withthis
Conference Session
Innovations in ECE Education II
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Khalid Al-Olimat, Ohio Northern University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
“calculate”, the program will output all the required quantities as shown in figure 9. Figure 9_A medium length transmission line Page 13.943.13Data Collection and Assessment MethodThe participants completed a survey and questionnaires based on their attitude toward the use ofthe developed software tool.1. Participants The pool included fifteen students enrolled in the course at Ohio Northern University. There were 80% male and 20% female. All participants were junior standing. Students have classified themselves regarding computer knowledge based on a score ranges from 1 to 10. There were 40% considered their level of computer knowledge to be
Conference Session
Innovations in Communications and Wireless Systems Education
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wayne A Scales, Virginia Tech; J Michael Ruohoniemi; Geoff Crowley
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
Paper ID #12391Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS as an Effective Tool for Engineer-ing EducationProf. Wayne A Scales, Virginia Tech Wayne A. Scales is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Affiliate Professor of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering at Virginia Tech. He is also the Director of the Center for Space Science and Engi- neering Research. He currently teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the areas of electromagnet- ics and radio wave propagation, plasma physics, computational physics, upper atmospheric space science, and Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS. He received his PhD at
Conference Session
Web-based Learning in ECE
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tiffany Phagan, ERAU; Thomas Yang, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Jianhua Liu, ERAU; Ilteris Demikiran, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
especiallyproblematic for large classes, because it demands excessive instructor resources. Computer-based online assessment has great potential to provide viable solutions to this problem, becauseweb-based assessment has many unique advantages such as convenient administration,automated data collection and analysis, timely feedback, and easy update. In this paper, theonline assessment for an introductory electrical engineering course we recently implemented isdescribed. The assessment tool is developed through the popular educational software,Blackboard. The assessment functions provided by Blackboard, such as “Test Manager” and“Pool Manager”, are especially suitable for automated assessment. Our assessment project notonly confirms the efficiency of online
Conference Session
Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 4
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joona Kurikka, Aalto University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Physics & Physics
Paper ID #18923Online Based Innovation - online tools and teaching to support global collab-oration and distributed development projectsMr. Joona Kurikka, Aalto University Joona Kurikka is a PhD Researcher at Aalto University and Associate at CERN, working at the innovation experiment IdeaSquare. As part of his work at CERN, he is coordinating and teaching student project like Challenge Based Innovation and various smaller innovation workshops, hackathons and other projects. His current research focus is on processes and ICT tools for distributed collaboration and learning. c American Society for
Conference Session
Virtual Instruction and Collaboration
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Obasegun Tekena Ayodele, Obafemi Awolowo University; Lawrence O. Kehinde, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State; Olawale Babatunde Akinwale, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
similar to that of computergames. In the modeling of computer games, there are two main blocks: the goal block and thetools block. The goal block contains the aim of the game which the player tries to achieve. Thetools block contains the instruments / equipments provided to achieve the goal. Most computergames have their story board directed after this model. Figure 2 shows an example of this modelfor a game called Angry Birds. The goal is to hit the blue birds (goal block) by using the redbirds (tools block), and the player is rewarded with points for this. From this design the player isnot provided with a definite procedure to hitting the blue birds. This leaves the player withmultiple options of hitting the blue birds. Figure 3 shows the
Conference Session
Computers in Education Division Technical Session 11
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
particularly focus on what prevents students from being able to integrate and extend the knowledge developed in specific courses in the core curriculum to the more complex, authentic problems and projects they face as professionals. Dr. Koretsky is one of the founding members of the Center for Lifelong STEM Education Research at OSU. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Work-in-Progress: An Online Journal Tool with Feedback for a Learning Assistant Program in EngineeringOverviewThis work-in-progress paper presents the development and pilot implementation of a computer-based reflection tool used in a Learning Assistant (LA) Program in
Conference Session
ECE-Instructional Tools and Online Resources
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jonathan West, Weber State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)
Paper ID #47183Free online homework platform gives instructors control of their contentDr. Jonathan West, Weber State University Dr. West is an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Weber State University. His teaching and research interests include radio, robotics, power, VLSI and microelectronics. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Free Online Homework Platform Gives Instructors Control of Their ContentAbstractA free, flexible, on-line homework platform has been developed which allows instructors to createtheir own custom homework
Conference Session
Multimedia and Product Design
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
John Irwin
Session 3238 A Methodology for Developing Unigraphics Parametric Assemblies for Product Design, Tool Design and Analysis John L. Irwin Department of Design Engineering Technology Mott Community College Flint, MI 48503, USAIntroductionParametric Assemblies are an important element in the design process of a product or tool,because of the ability to continually update, and/or replace components in the assembly as thedesign changes through the design and analysis phases. One of the goals of the
Conference Session
Instructional Methods and Tools in BME
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert Roselli, Vanderbilt University; Stephen B. Gilbert, Clearsighted, Inc.; Stephen B. Blessing, University of Tampa; Larry Howard, Vanderbilt University; Aditya Raut, Vanderbilt University; Puvi Pandian, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
AC 2008-1746: INTEGRATION OF AN INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMWITH A WEB-BASED AUTHORING SYSTEM TO DEVELOP ONLINEHOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS WITH FORMATIVE FEEDBACKRobert Roselli, Vanderbilt UniversityStephen B. Gilbert, Clearsighted, Inc.Larry Howard, Vanderbilt UniversityStephen B. Blessing, University of TampaAditya Raut, Vanderbilt UniversityPuvi Pandian, Iowa State University Page 13.770.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Integration of an Intelligent Tutoring System with a Web-based Authoring System to Develop Online Homework Assignments with Formative FeedbackAbstract.A web-based authoring tool, developed using VaNTH CAPE
Conference Session
Architectural Engineering Division (ARCHE) Technical Session 2
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Luis Horacio Hernandez Carrasco, Tecnologico de Monterrey ; Miguel X. Rodriguez-Paz, Tecnologico de Monterrey ; Saul E. Crespo, Tecnologico de Monterrey
Tagged Divisions
Architectural Engineering Division (ARCHE)
, as well as in scientific journals. From 2017 to 2020 he served as Director of the Civil Engineering program at Tecnol´ogico de Monterrey Campus Quer´etaro and as professor of the Structural Engineering area at the institution and since November 2020 he leads the Department of Sustainable Technologies and Civil Engineering at Tecnol´ogico de Monterrey Campus Quer´etaro. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 SPREADSHEET DEVELOPMENT AND USE AS A TOOL OR OBSTACLE ENHANCING COMPETENCIES IN THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LEARNING Luis H. Hernandez-Carrasco1, Miguel X. Rodríguez Paz2, Saul E. Crespo3 1
Conference Session
Faculty Development Division Technical Session 8
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Benjamin Chambers, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Stephen Moyer, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; David Gray, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Po-Jen Shih, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Matthew James, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
and energy. As such, time-savingmeasures are constantly being developed and explored, and are a major appeal of an LMS [2].There is a large body of work in automated grading systems beyond just multiple choice,including short answers [3], essays [4], and computer programming [5]. However, manualgrading is still the norm, and tools to support it are integrated into LMSs such as theSpeedGrader function in Canvas [6]. There is also a long history of embedded assessments orother combinations of assessment and grading efforts to reduce faculty workloads or streamlineprocesses, e.g. [7], [8], [9]. Additionally, faculty conducting data collection for internalassessment and educational research often wish to evaluate aspects of student submissions
Conference Session
Objectives, Assessment, and Methods for Teaching Technological Literacy
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University; John Krupczak, Hope College; James F. Young, Rice University, Electrical & Computer Engineering; Mani Mina, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering
, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, in 1970. In 1975, he was appointed Research Pro- fessor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, and taught graduate courses in lasers, directed graduate student research, advised undergraduates, and served in several administrative capacities. He joined the Rice University, Houston, TX, faculty in 1990 and is currently a Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. His research topics have included optical parametric oscillators, nonlinear optics in crystals and vapors, infrared image upconversion, and the development of unique laser sources, including extreme ultraviolet lasers and femtosecond