Conference Session

Statics and Dynamics Topics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Saul, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Anna Howard, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Zo Webster, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Dan Spencer

view their Figure 2. Each student sees their individual mastery and course from multiple progress in learning maps for each module. Small colored perspectives via an circles represent overall course mastery, while the large circles interactive dashboard. are the mastery and progress of the specific student. Faculty can view the learning map for eachmodule (Figure 3) and summaries for the whole class or each individual student for the majorsuccess metrics of 1) mastery, 2) progress, and 3) attitude (Figure 4). The view can be toggled tohighlight a) those who have started, b) those repeating, c) weaker students, d) stronger

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi Sherick, University of Michigan; Pauline Khan, University of Michigan; Tershia Pinder-Grover, University of Michigan; Deborah Covington, University of Michigan

. She also works closely with department chairs to create customized programming to meet the needs of their faculty. Her current research interests focus on the adoption of inclusive teaching practices for engineering instructors.Deborah Mitchell Covington (Director of Partnerships, Outreach andRetention) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com People-First Engineering: A College-wide effort to shift the culture by using the socially engaged design processINTRODUCTIONAs engineers, we seek to solve large societal challenges that affect a diverse society. Excellencein engineering thus requires improvements in

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

William Black; Robert Weber; Julie Dickerson; Carolina Cruz-neira

Session 1526 CRCD: Wireless Multimedia Communications for Virtual Environments Julie A. Dickerson, William C. Black, Carolina Cruz-Neira, Robert Weber Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011AbstractThis project combines research from the areas of wireless communications, very-large-scaleintegrated (VLSI) circuit design, virtual environments, and human factors in a coordinatedinterdisciplinary program. This paper gives a brief description of the overall project. Educationin the hardware and software of virtual reality (VR) systems will serve as a testbed for trainingengineers in this co-design philosophy. Part of this project is the

Conference Session

Teaching Design Through Projects

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

James Bowen

therelatively large size of the class and the large number of assignments. Overall class performancehas generally been quite good, with only one or two D’s or F’s each semester. In both semesters,students have done very well on the homework assignments, both in their average grade and alsoin the number of assignments that they completed. Only a small number of students failed to doall of the assignments. The overall assessment of the class by students and faculty is positive. Students like theformat, and most of the desirable traits of the course are being at least partially achieved. Wehope the time required to administer the class will decrease to manageable levels once thegrading systems have been used two or three times. It is also hoped

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Marvin Gayle; Danny Mangra

. programming in a common integrated developmentWhy is instructor training so critical to safely and effectively environment [IDE] or cybersecurity network simulations forteaching pedagogy? We present these paradigms and discuss Information Technology courses.challenges associated with laboratory-based learning. Theseinclude equipment costs, upkeep and maintenance of equipment In the context of an ABET accredited curriculum, lab-and lab space availability. Increasing ways to mitigate these based instruction not only reinforces technical skills andchallenges often include a virtual and online environment. problem-solving abilities. Lab classes provide relevantFinally, we also share methods for the assessment

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Reissman, University of Dayton; Allison L. Kinney, University of Dayton; Kevin Patrick Hallinan, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

for ahuman thermal comfort system. The freedom given for this project was attractive to the students. Four inten of the students preferred this project as a result. Again, there was a diversity of ideas and models. Oneteam envisioned sports sunglasses with rechargeable ammonium nitrate capsules offering a large amountof cooling with a small mass. Another team, interested in a career with NASA, envisioned a solar thermalheating system for a moveable human cabin on Mars. Another group, both marathon runners, envisionedheated running gloves that would keep hands warm in very cold environments with minimal weight.Another team, having interest in developing products for people with disabilities, posed a cooling vest forpeople with cerebral palsy

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade for Teaching II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

June Marshall; John Marshall

type of testing (or other forms of assessment)used in the course and which reflect the amount and nature of the information that mustbe learned will go a long way to promoting academic success. Page 10.376.5 “Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2005, American Society for Engineering Education”Question #7 - Learning Strategies: What types of learning strategies do my studentsneed? Will they need to collaborate with others in small or large groups? Will studentsneed to listen, maintain their attention for long periods of time, or take extensive notes?Students

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University (ENG)

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

response management. UAVs have become smaller, morecapable and less expensive because of the continuously improving technology and their growing Page 23.237.11use. Currently available UAVs are small enough to be transported in small vehicles and launchedfrom a roadside without the need of a runway. At the same time they are capable enough to carrysensors, flight computers, cameras and other equipment to provide aerial information at low cost.These aircraft are programmed to fly autonomously. The state of Georgia is interested inbecoming one of the six Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regional UAV test sites6.Following are some of the

Conference Session

Embedded Systems and Mobile Computing

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simin Hall, Virginia Tech; Clifford A. Shaffer, Virginia Tech; Eric Fouh, Virginia Tech; Mai Hassan ElShehaly, Virginia Tech; Daniel Breakiron, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

/Distance delivery at the ME Department at VT. In 2010, with an education grant from Nuclear Regulatory Com- mission (NRC) she completed the online design of the Graduate nuclear engineering certificate program. In 2011, the new education grant from NRC, allowed initiating the design of two new nuclear graduate courses for the Master program. She maintains research and publishing tracks in nascent interdisciplinary trust concepts, eLearning, and innovative teaching, learning in fields of statistics and research methods, engineering, medical fields, and assessment methods.Prof. Clifford A. Shaffer, Virginia Tech Dr. Shaffer received his PhD in Computer Science from University of Maryland, College Park in 1986

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division - Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Trevor Scott Harding, California Polytechnic State University; Donald D. Carpenter P.E., Lawrence Technological University; Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

, but are less clear on the impact it is having on our studentsrelative to other experiences they have while in college; in part because of a lack of assessmenttools.To make matters worse, assessment is often limited to the context of the specific intervention(e.g. a single class or program) making the results less generalizable. Further, assessments areusually conducted at one point in time, or only over a single semester. An exception to this is thework done by Barry [5] who examined the impact of ethics education initiatives on students’knowledge of ethics as measured by Fundamentals of Engineering [6] examination results. Andassessment efforts are usually not connected to a grounding theory of the ethical development ofindividuals through

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Williamson; William Drake

Session 2526 NASA’s Great Moonbuggy Race - Innovative Student Projects William H. Drake, Larry Williamson Southwest Missouri State University/Pittsburg State UniversityIntroductionThe Society of Manufacturing Engineers student chapter at Southwest Missouri State Universitydecided to follow the lead of another student group and build a “Moonbuggy” to race in theNASA sponsored “Great Moonbuggy Race” held annually at Marshall Space Flight Center, inHuntsville, Alabama. The first buggy was designed by a small team and constructed as a part ofa senior level capstone course. The buggy completed the preliminary

Conference Session

Track 1: Technical Session 6: stEm PEER Academy: the Power of Human Capital

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Jennifer Ocif Love, Northeastern University; Claire Duggan, Northeastern University; Elizabeth H. Blume, Northeastern University Engineering PLUS Alliance

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

participate (17 in cohort 2022 & 23 in cohort 2023) and 38invited participants are currently active. Each participant is paid a $1,000 stipendand invited to attend CoNECD or ASEE national conferences (all eligible expensesare covered).34 different institutions are represented (27 public universities including 5community colleges plus 7 private colleges/universities), from small communitycolleges to large public research institutions.This map (color coded by cohort year) illustrates where the current change agentsare located by institution, as of December 2023.Engineering PLUS also organized regional hubs, starting with the New Englandhub and the Midwest hub, as shown on the map above. Regional hubs aredesigned to be the collective alliance of

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Raul Ordonez; Harriet Benavidez; Anthony J. Marchese; James A. Newell; John L. Schmalzel; Beena Sukumaran; Ravi Ramachandran; Julie Haynes

department has been designedto serve 25 to 30 students per year, resulting in 100 to 120 students per year in the College. Thesize of the College has been optimized such that it is large enough to provide specialization in Page 5.48.1separate and credible departments, yet small enough to permit a truly multidisciplinary curriculumin which laboratory/design courses are offered simultaneously to all engineering students in all fourdisciplines. Indeed, the hallmark of the engineering program at Rowan University is themultidisciplinary, project-oriented Engineering Clinic sequence. The Engineering Clinics are taken each semester by every

Conference Session

Engaging Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Hadaway, Norwood High School; Megan Urbaitis, Norwood High School; Regina Lamendella, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Daniel Oerther, University of Cincinnati; Andrea Burrows, The University of Cincinnati; Mike Borowczak, The University of Cincinnati; Anant Kukreti, The University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

in this process as well, and 36 differentteachers have participated in the STEP program since 2006. Lastly, Project STEP focuses on thesustainability of the program itself. The university faculty participants, six primary investigatorsand four coordinators, play a large role in facilitating the promotion of community partnershipswith teachers, K-12 students, and Fellows. In this paper, we outline an innovative teachingapproach in a high school setting, how it is implemented, student response results of theimplementation, and assessment of impact on student learning. The findings are based onsurveys given to the students after each lab lesson taught in partnership with university andcommunity members.Theoretical FrameworkWe embrace a socio

Conference Session

ABET Criterion 4 and Liberal Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

John Kraemer; Bijan Pashaie; David Probst

EducationUI450 Capstone Experience was developed in order to address the two issues mentioned abovein a novel way. We developed an interdisciplinary senior seminar course that was accepted forinclusion in the University Studies Program (USP). The course will provide a major designexperience for students from at least two departments in the College of Science and Mathematicsas they work on a project requiring expertise and faculty from both disciplines. This willstrengthen the program’s compliance with EC2000 Criterion 3 (d) as well as Criterion 41.For many years, the faculty of our department viewed the USP, with its large number of credithours from many different disciplines, as a major hindrance to the Engineering Physics Programhaving sufficient

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Integration of Engineering and/or Technical Rigor with Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Justice (DEIJ)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Wang, Carnegie Mellon University

companions.IntroductionMotivated in large part by landmark social and political events in recent years, numerousengineering departments around the country have begun to prioritize the incorporation ofdiversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) principles in their curriculum. These efforts have takenmany forms, and broadly fall into two categories: (1) Highlighting the ways in whichengineering can exacerbate or mitigate social inequities, often through historical or especiallycontemporary case studies (see, e.g., [1]–[4]), and often with a particular focus on the potentialfor technology to exclude and divide (see, e.g., [5], [6]); and (2) reducing inequities within theclassroom itself (see, e.g., [3], [7]). Our community should celebrate these nascent DEI efforts,which begin

Conference Session

Special Session: Findings from the Academic Pathways Study of Engineering Undergraduates 2003-2008--Overview and Panel Discussion

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Atman, University of Washington; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Karl Smith, Purdue University; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Foundation, the U.S. Department of Education FIPSE program, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Colorado Commission on Higher Education and has published widely in the areas of engineering education assessment, pedagogy, and curricular design. He has won the Helen Plants award for best non-traditional session at the FIE conference (1995, 2006), the William H. Corcoran Award (best paper in Chemical Engineering Education, 1999), and the William Elgin Wickenden Award from the American Society for Engineering Education for best paper published in the Journal of Engineering Education (2005

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Outreach and Retention

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Leigh S. McCue, George Mason University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

defenseindustry. Particular interest and expertise in structural engineering of truss-built structures such asairframes and ground vehicles.EDUCATION:George Mason University Mechanical Engineering BS 2020 Minor: Entrepreneurship Capstone Design Project: Ergonomic and performance improvements of a hand-powered bicycle utilized competitively by a wounded veteran.PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:Summer 2019 Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP) Engineering Intern Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division Conducted experimental research in structures laboratory assessing failure modes of novel alloys.2018-2019

Conference Session

Preparing Civil Engineering Students for a Flat World

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hamilton, U.S. Military Academy; Fred Meyer, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

engineering because of theacademic rigor, hard work, and long hours of study required. There is little chance they remainin these programs because of the same factors. A reputation for inspiring students, will likelyaddress the underlying reasons that recommendation 14 is included.ABETABET continues to strive to improve the accreditation process as reflected in the existence ofboth a criteria for 2006-2007, as well as a proposed criteria for 2007-2008. Completeinformation is readily available on the ABET website. Of special note in Criterion 3: ProgramOutcomes and Assessments (in 2006-2007) and Outcomes (in 2007-2008) which states (i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learningThe importance of life long

Conference Session

DSA Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tushar Ojha, University of New Mexico; Don Hush, University of New Mexico

Tagged Topics

Data Science & Analytics Constituent Committee (DSA), Diversity

similar to that of campus-wide (all) undergraduate students in terms of the quantity,composition, and factors influencing extra credit accumulation.The important contributions of this paper can be summarized thus: • The quantitative analysis of the composition of extra credits accumulated by engineering students that takes into account the usability (explained in Section 3) of individual credits towards the degree program requirements (facilitated by a specialized degree audit tool [13]). Existing works are limited to comparing overall credit numbers or restricted to small populations (such as a department within the engineering school). • A comparative analysis of the factors influencing the extra credit accumulation of

Conference Session

Accreditation and Outcomes-based Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M. Riley, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

study was commissioned by ABET and conducted by the Center for theStudy of Higher Education at Penn State. It looked for changes in students’ preparation for theprofession (i.e. in attaining outcomes) and for changes in organizational policies and practices(e.g., faculty involvement in assessment, changes in hiring, promotion, and tenure decisions).They collected data from 40 engineering schools offering over 200 engineering programs,surveying over 1200 faculty, 147 chairs, nearly 5500 graduates from 1994 and 4330 graduatesfrom 2004, 39 deans, and 1622 employers.Chairs and faculty reported changes in curricula. Though few had reduced emphasis on technicalmaterial and skills, 75 percent reported “some” or “significant” increases in emphasis

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 9: Persistence and Retention

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bryce E. Hughes, Montana State University; William J. Schell IV P.E., Montana State University; Brett Tallman P.E., Montana State University; Romy Beigel, Montana State University; Emma Annand, Montana State University; Monika Kwapisz, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

identity is more thanlearning the technical skills and knowledge required to perform engineering work, it alsoincludes aligning one’s sense of self with the field of engineering. In addition, engineeringidentity has shown to be an important factor for broadening participation in engineering, as theidentity development experience also reflects one’s perceived similarity with others in the field,providing a sense of belonging or “fit” [8]. Previous research has demonstrated engineeringidentity also precedes persistence in engineering degree programs through degree completion [4,6, 9], though these studies were somewhat limited in terms of their generalizability due toreliance on small, localized samples.The purpose of this study then is to test the

Conference Session

Holy Cow! We’re Going Online When? 

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sarah K. Bauer, Rowan University; Cheng Zhu, Rowan University; Gilson R. Lomboy, Rowan University; Mohammad Jalayer

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

visual aids are limited by small-scale, 2-D visuals and/or diagrams,students can easily misunderstand how the concepts translate to large-scale, 3-D, real-worldapplications. According to the literature, incorporating more complex visual material usingeducational video animations and digital imaging, for example, into the classroom has allowedfor students to more accurately visualize intricate, 3-D problems that are instrumental inreinforcing difficult concepts taught in an engineering classroom [5, 7, 10].Results also show that such educational video learning modules can provide a rewarding learningexperience that would otherwise be difficult for students to obtain and retain [1]. One such studythat incorporated video-based instruction into the

Conference Session

Software Engineering Topics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James N. Long, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

. The project construction, initial installation and final release can be done in a nine month time scale, allowing for a full cycle of the software engineering lifecycle.To fulfill the above requirements, the electric vehicle component of the hybrid vehicle systemwas targeted as the operational platform to build the software system. The electric vehiclecontrol system has the features of: 1. Electric motor control system isolation is easily be done through use of a standard analog throttle and off the shelf motor controller (Figure 1). 2. Programming could be done using standard C, C++, and other high level languages. 3. The vehicle operational system could be emulated on a small scale (Figure 2) and scaled up to a fully

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David G. Alexander Ph.D., California State University - Chico

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Project‐Based Teams. Journal of Engineering Education, 101(1), 82-94. 7. Fruchter, R. and Emery, K. (1999). Teamwork: Assessing cross-disciplinary learning. Paper presented at the 1999 Computer Support for Collaborative Learning Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands. 8. Machemer, P. L. and Crawford, P. (2007). Student perceptions of active learning in a large cross- disciplinary classroom. Active Learning in Higher Education, 8(1), 9-30. 9. Wilbarger, J. and Howe, S., “Current Practices in Engineering Capstone Education: Further Results from a 2005 Nationwide Survey,” (2006) 36th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference. 10. Peredo, A. and McLean, M., “Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept

Conference Session

Making Professionals: Methods to Build Success Skills

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jakob C. Bruhl, United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky P.E., United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

clear in The Engineer of 2020 and it is also a central part ofthe Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge, 3rd Edition. Many programs provide an opportunityfor students to demonstrate creativity and innovation in their capstone projects but few providefoundational instruction or opportunities to hone creativity skills throughout the curriculum.Inspired by the need to develop creative and innovative engineers and encouraged by theliterature about how the necessary skills and attitudes can be developed through education, thispaper describes how creativity has been deliberately and explicitly integrated in a requiredsenior-level civil engineering course. Although early in implementation and assessment, the datasuggests that integrating creativity into

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bobby G Crawford P.E., Quinnipiac University; Jose Antonio Riofrio, Quinnipiac University; Richard Melnyk, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

inthe context of the development of our Introduction to Circuits course.a. Identify Instructional GoalsThe SDI process begins with clear, overarching instructional goals. These are general statementsthat should indicate the main purpose of this course (i.e., in the context of the curriculum and/orpreparing students for specific future endeavors). As specified by Dick, et al [43], these shouldbe expressed as ‘statements of behaviors that learners are to demonstrate as a result ofinstruction’. Instructional goals can be influenced by various sources, such as institutionalcurricula, internal program assessment, industry needs, professional organizations, emerging`technologies, etc. It should be noted that these are different than course objectives

Conference Session

Technical Session I

Collection

2018 FYEE Conference

Authors

Aysa Galbraith, University of Arkansas; Heath Aren Schluterman, University of Arkansas; Leslie Bartsch Massey, University of Arkansas; Brandon Crisel, University of Arkansas

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference Sessions

0.250 0.000 ++ After looking at our conclusions, we realized that we had 38 3.73 3.89 0.937 0.811 0.163 0.000 ++ left ourselves open to the possibility of some error in results 42 3.60 3.68 0.941 0.894 0.076 0.067 Ns 43 3.71 3.93 0.766 0.713 0.221 0.000 ++ due to the small population of students who left our program 46 3.76 3.81 0.889 0.910 0.051 0.212 Ns at the end of fall semester. Therefore, we conducted another 47 4.00 4.09 0.820 0.754 0.085 0.017 + paired t-test that only included students who stayed with

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Perkins, North Carolina State University; Matthew Bahnson, North Carolina State University; Marissa A. Tsugawa, University of Nevada, Reno; Derrick James Satterfield, University of Nevada, Reno; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno; Cheryl Cass, SAS Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

status [23]). Stratified random sampling was used to select a representative national population: strata were created based on location (state), program type (e.g., electrical, chemical, industrial, etc.), and program size (small, medium, and large, determined based on number of Ph.D.’s previously awarded) [24]. Data from approximately 2300 EGSs was collected until spring 2018, and confirmatory factor and missingness analyses were conducted before beginning analyses detailed in the section below [19], [25], [26]. ● Phase 3.​ As analysis of quantitative data from Phase 2 commenced, the final qualitative phase began. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to create 11 identity and motivation

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Kathleen Meehan, Virginia Tech; Bonnie H. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dianna Newman; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Mohamed F. Chouikha, Howard University; Deborah Walter, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

instructional staff in the application of MOHS pedagogy. iii. As new issues are identified, new assessment and evaluation tools will be developed and or existing tools will be modified and applied; this will allow for the identification of developmental patterns of implementation, areas for “just in time” instructional support for faculty as well as students, and broader documentation of impact as the process and products are disseminated across the STEM domain.3) Determine Barriers and Best Practices to Wide-Spread Adoption The center plans to utilize a large set of constituency groups from a diverse group of colleges and high schools and STEM disciplines to identify barriers to wide-spread adoption for