Conference Session

Assessment in Graphics Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice Y. Scales, North Carolina State University; Terri E. Varnado, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

students arequizzed on the topics of the day’s lesson.This technique has been successfully adapted to cooperative learning activities in the distanceeducation environment via computer-supported groups16, and using handhelds17. Specificallypertinent to this report, engineering educators have found Jigsaw activities to be positive andeffective in online learning.Soh’s et al “research has designed and developed an infrastructure called the IntelligentMultiagent Infrastructure for Distributed Systems in Education (I-MINDS)”18 [p. 1556]. Page 25.128.6Intelligent agents actively support two types of interactions: student-student and teacher

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Applications

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College; Janice McClure, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

2006-1793: TEACHING A COMMON ENGINEERING DESIGN COURSE TOFIRST YEAR ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS:A CASE STUDYSohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College Dr. Sohail Anwar is currently serving as an associate professor of engineering and the Program Coordinator of Electrical Engineering Technology at Penn State University. Altoona College. Since 1996, he has also served as an invited professor of Electrical Engineering at IUT Bethune, France. Dr. Anwar is serving as the Executive Editor of the International Journal of Modern Engineering and as the Production Editor of the Journal of Engineering Technology.JANICE McCLURE, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Anders Wahlquist, US Air Force Academy; Daniel D. Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy; Kristin L. Wood P.E., Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD); Kyle Fitle, U.S. Air Force Academy; David Carte, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

multiple realistic constraints.” [1] Three of the important outcomes ofthis capstone experience involve learning about professional ethics, teamwork skills, and designmethodologies. These courses also provide an invaluable opportunity for students to movebeyond passive absorption of the material and apply these skills to an open ended design project.This paper focuses on efforts to improve the understanding and application of designmethodologies. However, it should be noted that by better understanding and applying thisaspect of the capstone experience students frequently experience beneficial effects in other keyelements of the learning experience.Capstone engineering experiences across the country are typically either one or two semesters

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula in ECE II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prawat Nagvajara, Drexel University, Electrical and Computer Engineering ; Robin Kizirian, Drexel University, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

microcontrollers are applied to engineering problems. 3. I have experience designing systems that O O O O O have hardware and software components. 4. I have used design automation tool that O O O O O integrates programmable hardware and software development. 5. I understand how software programs O O O O O interface with sensors and actuators. 6. I have knowledge in computer architecture O O O O O and organization, and assembly language. 7. I have used interrupts and interrupt service O O O O O routines in real-time software. 8. I have worked

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratories

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Lu, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

on correct application of DOE principles and statistical analysis thatshould yield valid results. Based on these measures with the average assessment score of 84%,we conclude that our students have acceptable abilities outlined in Outcome (1).Student assessments: At the end of the semester, the students are required to complete the courseevaluation. One set of the questions is about the students’ own assessments on their learningoutcomes. Results from the last seven years (before and after the use of Design-Expert software)are shown in Table 7.Course Evaluation Questions:1. Understand the principles of engineering methods and apply the principles when solvingproblems.2. Design and conduct experiments3. Analyze experimental data including

Conference Session

Integrating Systems Engineering into the Capstone Project

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Armand Joseph Chaput, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering, Systems Engineering

principles of Systems Engineering have been acknowledged enablers for design,development and validation of advanced technology products for over half a century1. In today'smarketplace, it is essentially impossible to cost-effectively design, deliver and support atechnology-based product without application of some principles of SE. In fact many, if notmost, development program failures and embarrassments trace to improper understanding orapplication of SE, particularly in early program phases as addressed in Figure 4. Yet, weobserve (admittedly anecdotally) that most traditional discipline engineers including aerospacegraduate with little understanding of even the most basic SE concepts much less theirapplication. We believe this shortfall results

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Shawn Woodruff; Farhad Reza

Contract cost is known Design-Builder Delivers project Fig. 2. Design-build approach to project deliveryABET Criterion 4 (Professional Component) includes manufacturability on the list of topicsmost of which must be included in the major design experience. It may be argued that the termmanufacturability encompasses constructability in the realm of civil engineering. The civilengineering program criteria require that graduates have an understanding of professionalpractice issues such as “how the design professionals and construction professionals interact toconstruct a project.” The general trend in civil engineering programs across the

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bethany Fralick, Purdue University; Jed Lyons, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2010-49: STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS DESIGNING EXPERIMENTSBethany Fralick, Purdue UniversityJed Lyons, University of South Carolina Page 15.1112.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Student Attitudes towards Designing ExperimentsAbstractThe broad objective of this research is to contribute to our understanding of how mechanicalengineers learn to design and conduct experiments. Specifically, this study investigatedundergraduate student attitudes towards the design of open-ended experimental projects, andhow these attitudes are different among freshmen, juniors and seniors. Freshman, junior, andsenior mechanical engineering students all were given

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E James Nelson, Brigham Young University; Tatevik Christensen; Fernando S Fonseca, Brigham Young University; A. Woodruff Miller, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

asinvolved in mentoring as much as their time and interests permit.The main objective of the capstone program is to provide an opportunity for students to develophigher order thinking skills. Students learn how to analyze, evaluate, and create while learningthe professional practice skills such economics, sustainability, project and people management,and client retention that are necessary for successful business practice.At the end of the program, each student should: 1. Understand what engineering design is and be able to complete a design project to the satisfaction of a client. 2. Be able to apply the basic principles of project management so that quality work can be accounted for and completed on time. 3. Be able to integrate

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Leandra Ramos, United States Military Academy; Heather J. Yoshii, United States Military Academy; Kyle Beyer, United States Military Academy; Morgan R. Corliss, United States Military Academy; Brad C. McCoy, United States Military Academy; Aaron T. Hill Jr., United States Military Academy; Kevin P. Arnett P.E., United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

-ended student feedback, and (3) Comprehensive Assessment of TeamMember Effectiveness (CATME) survey results. Conclusions from the analysis are described,and ideas to improve the implementation of the design review process in future semesters aresummarized.BackgroundThe current state of engineering education across the four areas of concern within the study issummarized below.The Student Learning ProblemAn engineering project requires subject matter experts to contribute to different aspects of thedesign. During PBL, students assume specific roles on the team, and these teammates inevitablybecome subject matter experts within their roles. Design review then forces teammates to learnand understand each other’s job and contribution to the project

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ben David Lutz, Virginia Tech; Mike Ekoniak, Virginia Tech; Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech; Courtney S Smith-Orr, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #11556Student Perspectives on Capstone Design LearningMr. Ben David Lutz, Virginia Tech Ben Lutz is a PhD student in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. His research interests include capstone design teaching and learning, mentoring in design and project work, student experiences of senior design, and the transition from senior design into the workplace. His current work is related to understanding how students describe their own learning in capstone and how that learning supports the transition from engineering school to professional practice.Mr. Mike Ekoniak, Virginia TechDr. Marie C

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sabin Gianelloni, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Molly H. Goldstein, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

consumer and describes the cognition of a person completing a design task. Design thinkingis often iterative and dynamic requiring creativity and expertise. On the surface the two seemvery distant, but as both are becoming more and more important in the world of engineering sodoes the relationship between them. Recently Greene, Gonzalez, Papalambros, and McGowanquestioned this separation by examining the history and application of both systems and designthinking. They hope to find applications of trusted design training techniques to advance thedevelopment of systems engineers and to better understand systems thinking as a concept. Byinitiating research into this subject, they offered various models to describe the systems/designthinking

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Viviana Cesani-Vazquez; Maria Irizarry; Freya Toledo-Feria; Sonia Bartolomei-Suarez

Increasing the Percentage of the Female Faculty at the College of Engineering by Understanding the Reasons for the High Enrollment and Retention Rates of Female Engineering Undergraduate Students Sonia M. Bartolomei-Suárez, Viviana Cesaní-Vázquez, María Irizarry Department of Industrial Engineering Freya M. Toledo-Feria Department of General Engineering University of Puerto Rico MayagüezAbstractFor the last fifteen years the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (UPRM) has been notedfor the high percentage of female students in its College of Engineering (COE). Currentenrollment statistics show that 35% of

Conference Session

Project-Based Education in Energy Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanjay Jayaram, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Engineering; Sridhar S. Condoor, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

engineering is a methodical, disciplined approach for the design, realization, technicalmanagement, operations, and retirement of a system.The system engineering design concepts crucial for project success are: 1. Successfully understanding and defining the mission objectives and operational concepts are keys to capturing the stakeholder expectations, which will translate into quality requirements over the life cycle of the project. Page 22.1240.3 2. Complete and thorough requirements traceability is a critical factor in successful validation of requirements. 3. Clear and unambiguous requirements will help avoid

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Trevelyan, University of Western Australia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

performance in design.5This critical lack of practical knowledge shows up when, for example, students are asked toestimate simple engineering quantities such as the energy stored in a battery.2 In practice,when engineers encounter an unfamiliar challenge, they can access a much wider spectrum ofknowledge by engaging the willing cooperation of peers and suppliers, almost alwaysorganised informally without authority.3 Students, on the other hand, tend to rely on Googleand Wikipedia: few have any idea of the kinds of support available in the practiceenvironment, or how to access that support. Introducing students to an understanding of thepractice environment in which design takes place and the economic and regulatory factorsthat shape design practice

Conference Session

Design Teamwork

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech; James J. Pembridge, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach; Cory Brozina, Virginia Tech; Benjamin David Lutz, Virginia Tech; Jintana Nina Phanthanousy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

curriculum on design cognition, the effects of differing design pedagogies on retention and motivation, the dynamics of cross-disciplinary collaboration in both academic and industry design environments, and gender and identity in engineering.Dr. James J. Pembridge, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach James J. Pembridge is an Assistant Professor in the Freshman Engineering Department at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He earned a B.S. in Aerospace Engineering, M.A. Education in Curriculum and Instruction, and Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Virginia Tech. His research has focused on mentoring as pedagogy for project-based courses and understanding the adult learning characteristics of undergraduate

Conference Session

Design Communications

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keelin Leahy, University of Limerick; William Gaughran, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2009-1259: TOWARD A DESIGN TAXONOMY AS A PARADIGM IN DESIGNPEDAGOGICSKeelin Leahy, University of Limerick Keelin Leahy is a PhD Researcher with the Department of Manufacturing and Operations Engineering in the University of Limerick. In 2005 she successfully completed a first class honours Bachelor of Technology, Materials and Construction concurrent with Teacher Education at the University of Limerick. On Graduating she won the Advanced Scholar Award. She has also received the IRCSET scholarship for the duration of her PhD completion. She also assists in the teaching of design strategies and design communication at the University of Limerick.William Gaughran, University of Limerick

Conference Session

Design Realization

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Lewis Hamon, The University of Texas, Austin; Matthew G. Green, LeTourneau University; Brock Dunlap, University of Texas, Austin; Bradley Adam Camburn, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Daniel D. Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #9025Virtual or Physical Prototypes? Development and Testing of a PrototypingPlanning ToolMr. Christopher Lewis Hamon, The University of Texas at AustinDr. Matthew G. Green, LeTourneau University Dr. Matthew G. Green is an associate professor of Mechanical Engineering at LeTourneau University- Longview. His objective is to practice and promote engineering as a serving profession. His focus includes remote power generation, design methods for frontier environments, enhanced engineering learning, and assistive devices for persons with disabilities.Mr. Brock Dunlap, University of Texas, Austin Brock is a second year

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Eric C. Pappas, James Madison University; Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University; Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2012-5247: A NEW VISION FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN INSTRUC-TION: ON THE INNOVATIVE SIX COURSE DESIGN SEQUENCE OFJAMES MADISON UNIVERSITYDr. Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University Olga Pierrakos is an Associate Professor and founding faculty member in the School of Engineering, which is graduating its inaugural class May 2012, at James Madison University. Pierrakos holds a B.S. in engineering science and mechanics, an M.S. in engineering mechanics, and a Ph.D. in biomedical en- gineering from Virginia Tech. Her interests in engineering education research center around recruitment and retention, engineering design instruction and methodology, learning through service (NSF EFELTS project), understanding engineering

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

of teamwork in the engineering learning context is alsoarticulated by other researchers. Fruchter and Emery proposed classification of cross-disciplinarylearning assessment regarding distance from understanding other disciplines (islands ofknowledge, awareness, appreciation, and understanding)10. Schaffer proposed another model ofteam learning (identification, formation, adaption) 11.While the above research provides insight into the different stages of cross-disciplinary learningand team formation, there is a lack of “intentionality” in terms of pedagogy and process in themodels. Intentional pedagogical design is important since engineers have been described as notappreciating other perspectives. Specifically, engineers tend to divide work

Conference Session

Design Teamwork

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen W. Laguette, University of California, Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #5904Team Leadership on Capstone Design Project TeamsMr. Stephen W. Laguette, University of California, Santa Barbara Stephen Laguette is currently a Lecturer at the University of California, Santa Barbara in the College of Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering (ME) and the Technology Management Pro- gram and is responsible for the undergraduate ME Capstone Design program. He received his BS, MS in ME from the University of California, Los Angeles. His professional career has included executive Research and Development management positions with a number of medical device companies. He has

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Xinyue (Crystal) Liu, University of Toronto; Yasaman Delaviz, York University; Scott Ramsay, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #34228Providing Meaningful Hands-on Design Experience in the Remote-learningEnvironment with a Miniature Mechanical Testing KitMiss Xinyue (Crystal) Liu, University of Toronto Crystal Liu is a graduate student at the University of Toronto in the department of Materials Science and Engineering. Her research focuses on engineering design and education. She obtained her BASc in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Toronto in 2019. She has worked in product development and is interested in application of technology and design in engineering education research.Dr. Yasaman Delaviz, York University Yasaman Delaviz

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Asly Artiles, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Katherine E LeVine, Wellesley College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 26.1455.2IntroductionThis paper lies at the intersections of two movements. The first, a realization for the untappedproblem-solving potential inherent in big, collaborative meetings of passionate people (mostcommonly seen in hackathons). The second, the realization that design thinking can extend muchfarther beyond the traditional product design engineering classroom and into the hands of ourcitizens in order to capacitate them as able problem-solvers in our community.To understand the first realization is to understand the hacker culture that has expanded acrossnations and disciplines. Originally used to describe someone who makes furniture with an axe,this makeshift nature reflected onto the first programming-oriented use of the word

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects II - General

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Wei Vian, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nancy L. Denton P.E., Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

correspond to ASTM standards for various materialproperty tests but do not accurately represent many real structures [1, 2].To increase students’ learning interest, enhance the understanding of knowledge, andimprove their learning outcomes in beam deflection while highlighting the effects of realprocesses, a group laboratory project has been designed and implemented at the PurdueUniversity Kokomo campus. Students here are primarily commuters, with up to 15students in a typical engineering technology class, and most classes taught in a studioformat. The campus culture tends to emphasize efficient completion of all educationaltasks performed by students. As a side benefit of the designed beam deflection laboratoryproject, students gain experience with

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrew L. Gillen, University College London; Michael L. Woodrow, University College London; Jose Luis Torero, University College London

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

• Engage critically with their own designs to evaluate quality and develop resilience to iterative changes in design. • Effectively communicate a design to a variety of audiences using visual, written, and oral presentation techniques. • Operate effectively in a team environment showing respect for alternative perspective and building productive relationships. Independence • Apply prior knowledge and understanding from education, personal and professional experience to solve a design problem on a civil engineering project

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Larissa Cannon, Brigham Young University; Cory C Cunningham, The Boeing Company; Aaron Lau Inouye, Brigham Young University; Brett Stone, Brigham Young University; Fabian Zender, The Boeing Company

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

currently working within the financial industry in an effort to re-engineer the operational data systems.Brett Stone, Brigham Young University Brett is a graduate student researcher working on his PhD in Mechanical Engineering at BYU. He loves the outdoors and understanding how teams and engineering design works.Mr. Fabian Zender, The Boeing Company Fabian Zender is an Engineering Performance Coach at The Boeing Company where he participates in research in the Technical and Professional Learning Solutions group. He obtained his undergraduate and graduate degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. In his research Fabian focuses on learning as a sociotechnical system, utilizing data analytics and

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stanley Shie Ng, Biola University; Ryan Striker P.E., North Dakota State University; Enrique Alvarez Vazquez, North Dakota State University; Ellen M. Swartz, North Dakota State University; Lauren Singelmann, North Dakota State University; Mary Pearson, North Dakota State University; Grace Sangalang Ng, Biola University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #34107Providing an Enriching Learning Experience for Underresourced AcademicPrograms Through MOOCIBLStanley Shie Ng, Biola University Stanley Ng received his BS in Biomedical Engineering from University of California Irvine and MS in Biomedical Diagnostics from Arizona State University. He serves as faculty and director of engineering programs at Biola University. Currently, he is pursuing a Ph.D. in Engineering and STEM Education at North Dakota State University.Ryan Striker P.E., North Dakota State University Ryan Striker is a life-long learner. Ryan has over a decade of professional experience designing embed

Conference Session

Assessment of Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew J. Traum, Milwaukee School of Engineering; David A Howell, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Leah C. Newman, MSOE

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Paper ID #6197Engineering Design, Project Management, and Community Service ConnectedThrough Servant LeadershipDr. Matthew J. Traum, Milwaukee School of Engineering Dr. Matthew J. Traum is an assistant professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE). He received a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology [2007] where he held a research assistantship at MIT’s Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN). At MIT he invented a new nano-enabled garment to provide simultaneous ballistic and thermal protection to infantry soldiers. Dr. Traum also earned

Conference Session

Introducing New Methodologies and the Incoming Students to Engineering Programs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Flora S Tsai, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Kyle H Wong, Singapore American School

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #6416The State of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in Engineering Educa-tion: Where do we go from here?Dr. Flora S Tsai, Singapore University of Technology and Design Dr. Flora Tsai is a lecturer at Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) and an associate lecturer at Singapore Institute of Management (UniSIM). She has over eleven years of teaching experience for undergraduate software engineering subjects. She was a graduate of MIT, Columbia University, and NTU. Dr Tsai’s current research focuses on developing intelligent techniques for data mining in text and social media. Her recent awards

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University; Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

literature) that aredifficult to achieve in the rest of the engineering curriculum. These learning outcomes includestudent ability to function effectively as a member of a diverse and interdisciplinary team,student understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities, student ability to understandthe impact of technology in a societal context, and student ability to grasp engineering projects ina holistic sense. The course is designed to be a part of the project-based learning sequence and isexpected to prepare students for the challenging senior year projects where students are requiredto demonstrate a strong ability to synthesize and integrate the skills learnt from the previousyears. This course serves as a scaffolding2 to assist the junior