Conference Session

DELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Drushel, Case Western Reserve University; John Gallagher, Wright State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

ignoring“bad” eggs, or attempting to put them into the opponent’s nest. Course grades, however, wereassigned on the basis of class participation and written design notebooks, which the studentswere required to keep throughout the semester. All in all, LEGO 375 taught competence inmany disciplines, real-world problem solving, group-based project management, and criticalthinking. The exercises and Egg Hunt contest were open-ended enough that, even though certainstrategies or design ideas recurred throughout the course’s decade of existence, every group’simplementations were nonetheless unique.Table 1. Overview of Autonomous Robotics (LEGO 375) at CWRU. Egg Hunt Design Extant

Conference Session

Imagining and Reimagining Engineering Education as a Dynamic System

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Karlin, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Rebecca A. Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Cheryl Allendoerfer, University of Washington; Dan Ewert, Anderson Industries; Ronald R. Ulseth, Itasca Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

fiction, and sometimes are fictionalized for the purpose of making individualsmore open to hearing a truth. Stories can also be fact, a way of packaging our experiences into anarrative we can share. Likewise, an individual can tell a story about themselves that provides acounter-narrative to the story believed by someone else. The stories we tell can add newpathways to the conversation, without trying to tell folks that their way is ‘wrong’. For example,stories like Asimov’s Robot tales allowed readers to think about racism in a context removedfrom the stereotypes, strife and polemics of the time. It is important to note that this paper isabout stories, not anecdotes. Stories are about how we frame our world, how we explain andunderstand our

Conference Session

Shaping Inclusive STEM Curriculum and Teacher Development for K-12 Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cathy P. Lachapelle, STEM Education Insights; Medha Dalal, Arizona State University; Katie McKeown, Engineering for US All (e4usa™); Jialing Wu, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

recent bachelor’s degree recipients in science and engineering have opted to leave STEMfields [3]. These challenges highlight the urgent need to strengthen STEM education to betterprepare and retain students in the fields.There is evidence that reaching students at earlier pre-college ages pays off in greater numbers ofstudents choosing to pursue a career in engineering, as well as greater understanding of theimportance of engineering to the comfort and well-being of people [4][5]. Society as a whole hasa need for improved engineering education at the pre-college level to address both shortfalls[6][7].Project contextThe Engineering for Us All (e4usa) curriculum empowers high school students to use what theyknow and engage in real-world

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Technical Session 14

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jake Walker Lewis; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

applications” [8,p. xiii]. Thus engineering topics are integrated with science, while ‘engineering design’ is also astand-alone core idea at the elementary, middle school, and high school levels [9, p. 1]. The NGSSconsider the ‘influence of engineering, technology, and science on society and then natural world’,which reflects macroethical considerations. For example, within life science HS-LS2-7 states“design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on theenvironment and biodiversity.” [9, p. 267]. Within engineering, outcome HS-ETS1-3 states, “whenevaluating solutions, it is important… to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts.” [9p. 291]. Moore [13] mapped the NGSS to a Framework for Quality in K-12

Conference Session

Assessing Literacies in Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan McGrade, Indiana Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

learning environment, and because itcomplements Engineering disciplines, as it is based on the presentation of a problem and thecreation of possible solutions. This simulates a professional environment that requires effectiveproblem-solving skills, utilization of the scientific method (research, the formulation of ahypothesis, testing, and documentation), and effective collaboration skills. As demonstrated byDuch, Groh and Allen, PBL develops “the ability to think critically, analyze and solve complex,real-world problems, to find, evaluate, and use appropriate learning resources; to workcooperatively, to demonstrate effective communication skills, and to use content knowledge andintellectual skills to become continual learners.” 5 In

Conference Session

International Engineering Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Kelly, Dublin Institute of Technology; Mike Murphy

Tagged Divisions

International

presentation inJune 2007. Page 12.160.2IntroductionChange in higher education in Europe has been unprecedented in recent times, both interms of the extent of change and the rate of change. The European Union has set agoal to become the most competitive economy in the world by 2010 and there areother pressures forcing change. These include demands from industry for betterqualified workers, demands of society for lifelong learning opportunities and theincreasing cost to the taxpayer of an expanding publicly funded higher educationsystem.In 1987 the Economist magazine characterised Ireland as the poorest of the rich,alongside an image of a beggar on a street, thus

Conference Session

Experiences of Diverse Students

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hank Boone, University of Nevada, Reno; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

FGS to older FGS who are both pursuing engineering. Since older FGS mayhave gained high belongingness to engineering, they could influence younger FGS to feel afurther connection that may have not been felt otherwise. Specifically, by providing explicitconnections to other students with shared experiences, younger students have the opportunities tobe recognized by their peers within engineering. Peer recognition and similarities allowedstudents to increase their belongingness. For the students of this study, recognition by facultywas not mentioned as an experience that increased their belongingness in engineering. Finally,the ability to connect engineering to real-world problems (event if not realistic) gave students theopportunity to explore

Conference Session

Administering First-Year Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Russell Korte, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; David Goldberg, University of Illinois, Urbana

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

real world of work.iSAs and iFAs were present in person. iCOA contact information was distributed for subsequent Page 15.1130.10interaction.Following these introductions, each iTeam elected an iChair from among its ranks. The iChairswere told that they were free to organize their iTeam in any reasonable manner that would allowthe iTeam to serve four functions: Identity and social interaction. Each iTeam provides a sense of belonging and identity to its members in the same way that a fraternity or sorority or social club might, except that it is up to the iTeam to create its own identity and social activities. Academic support and

Conference Session

Using Web-Resources and Literature to Teach Engineering in P-8

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lucy McAuliffe, Smith College; Glenn W. Ellis, Smith College; Sonia Katrin Ellis, Smith College; Isabel Huff, Smith College; Beth McGinnis-Cavanaugh, Springfield Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

throughout the city. Page 22.1092.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Mysteries and Heroes: Using Imaginative Education to Engage Middle School Learners in Engineering1. Abstract This paper examines the use of cognitive tools described in Imaginative Education (IE) ina middle school level engineering education project, Talk to Me. Developed by Kieran Egan, IEproposes five different levels of understandings, or ways of seeing and structuring the world, thatdevelop at different cognitive and linguistic stages. The use of cognitive tools that assist

Conference Session

Potpourri: Various Issues and Topics in Graduate Studies

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kathryne Ann Newton, Purdue Polytechnic Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mitchell L Springer PMP, SPHR, SHRM-SCP, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mary E. Johnson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Randy R. Rapp, School of Construction Management, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

training and support programs focusedon linking to C-level staff; others have not begun this process” (p.3). In detailing the results ofhis analysis of the talent shortage faced around the world, he states: All countries surveyed in this paper suffer significant shortages of engineers, scientists, and technicians, notwithstanding the existence of excellent education and training programs, some of which are operated by the research organizations covered by the survey. Taiwan has experienced a major talent drain of skilled professionals to mainland China and Southeast Asia, and government forecasts indicate that the island’s educational system is not turning out enough graduates to support local high-tech industries.10 In any given

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Jill Lunn, Florida International University; Edward Dillon, Morgan State University; Zubayer Ahmed Sadid, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

, they’re just like, ‘We wouldn’t have to do this in the real world. If I need to look up the problem I can get on Stack Overflow.’ But I don’t know how you alleviate that in the initial interview process. Because I do think the technical interview is useful, if that’s some of the criteria.In addition, the theme of “Technical Interview and Career Knowledge” referred to the variableapproaches taken at institutions to help students gain familiarity with hiring practices, potentialjobs, and what to expect from technical interviews. The educators talked about options to furtherhone students’ skills and provide more practical training. While courses around technicalinterviews specifically were not available, they did have more information

Collection

2013 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Alex Dekhtyar; Anya L. Goodman; Aldrin Montana

biological problems. Our approach relies on well-defined interdependent roles for biology (BIO) and computer science (CS) students in a project-based laboratory. We recognize distinct learning objectives for each major and implement them in two separatecourses taught side-by-side: Bioinformatics Applications for BIO majors and BioinformaticsAlgorithms for CS majors. We rely on separate lectures for each group of students, but inlaboratory we form joint interdisciplinary teams to work on building software for solving specificbiological problems. The teams rely on the biological expertise of BIO students and the softwaredevelopment skills of CS students to produce the software and to use it to obtain requestedresults. For each assignment, BIO

Conference Session

International Division (INTL): Measuring and Assessing Outcomes and Impact 

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose Texier; Maria Mercedes Larrondo-Petrie, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

expand and validate the index in different regional contexts and types of universities to test its effectiveness. ●​ Application of the index to other sectors: Although the study focuses on semiconductors, the index can be applied to other sectors, such as biotechnology, AI, renewable energy or more generally. This would allow us to see how universities impact economic development in different areas and key sectors. ●​ Development of monitoring tools: The index should evolve to become a dynamic tool that allows “real-time” monitoring of universities’ capabilities. ●​ Integration of social and cultural factors: Consideration should be given to the inclusion of social and cultural factors

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Nadia Albishi; Peter Cavanaugh

educational reforms, and it has been shown that there are gapsKnowledge (TPACK) Framework’, ‘Transformational in the successful application of change management practices,Leadership Theory’, and lastly ‘Adult Learning Theories’. All notably during the implementation and further investigationof these theories also develop an alignment with the research phases of educational initiatives. Vision 2030, one of the mostquestions.recent projects, combines social and economic activities, with educators in dynamic cycles, and giving help and assets. Toeducation playing a crucial role [11]. summarize, there are extensive deterrents to the viable execution

Conference Session

Pre-College: Fundamental Research in Engineering Education (1)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Jill Marshall, University of Texas, Austin; Ara Winter, University of New Mexico, Department of Biology; Yang Liu, University of New Mexico, Department of Organization, Information, and Learning Sciences

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

. She was selected as a National Academy of Education / Spencer Postdoctoral Fellow. Dr. Svihla studies learning in authentic, real world conditions; this includes a two- strand research program focused on (1) authentic assessment, often aided by interactive technology, and (2) design learning, in which she studies engineers designing devices, scientists designing investigations, teachers designing learning experiences and students designing to learn.Jill Marshall, University of Texas, Austin Jill A. Marshall is an associate professor of STEM Education. She studies how people come to understand and engineer the physical world and how teachers can facilitate that process, as well as equity issues in STEM

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Track 2.B

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sean P Brophy, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Fadhla Binti Junus, Purdue Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

of AI to improve technical writing skillshas gained attention. A systematic review by Xu and Ouyang (2022) examined the use of AItechnologies in STEM education, highlighting the potential of AI to enhance technicalwriting skills through automated assessment and personalized feedback. The reviewidentified several AI applications, such as intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) and learninganalytics, that support the development of technical writing skills in STEM students [7].Additional reviews provide useful insights into integrating AI into instructional practice. Thestudy found that AI tools can enhance students’ technical writing skills by providing real-timefeedback and promoting critical thinking and problem-solving abilities [8]. Cai et al

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Evaluating Student Behaviors and Attitudes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University; Justin L Hess, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Paul D. Mathis, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

behavior. Implications of these findings for improvingengineering students’ innovative behaviors are explored. Page 26.338.2IntroductionWithin the context of engineering, innovation is the process of developing novel and functionalproducts, processes, or systems that appropriately address key user needs. Innovation has beendescribed as the “lifeblood of all organizations”1 and as the central factor contributing to thesuccess of the United States in an increasingly global marketplace.2 The innovation process isdriven by people, and innovative solutions lead to projects or processes that are linked totangible, real-world outcomes.1 These outcomes of

Conference Session

Novel Strategies for Studying Liberal Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicola W. Sochacka, University of Georgia; Christian Michael Culloty, University of Georgia; Jacob Hopkins; Julie R. Harrell, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

study might look like and contribute to engineering education. Before discussingprior applications of SenseMaker, we would like to circle back to the theoretical frameworks thatunderpin this approach. Doing so is important because some of these frameworks connect toongoing conversations in the field of engineering education research and, therefore, may provideanchor points for readers.Narrative and cultureAccording to a recent publication written by a diverse team of complexity scientists and some ofthe creators of SenseMaker, narratives and culture interact in the following ways: “People make sense of the world and give meaning to life through the construction of narratives [9-12]. How people make sense of the world is reflected in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith W. Buffinton, Bucknell University; Vincent P. Manno, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Joseph J. Helble, Dartmouth College; Susan M Lord, University of San Diego; Ann F. McKenna, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

opposed to individual performance? How many universities embrace a collaborative (vs. competitive, scarcity) mindset in recruiting faculty and students?”  New approaches to diversity in engineering  Developing alternate evaluation techniques for teaching effectiveness and student learning  Engineering education research projects outside of undergraduate education  Programs, such as the Grand Challenge Scholars Program, that “do not follow traditional disciplinary boundaries and that integrate broader contexts” and “get faculty and students involved in real-world interdisciplinary design projects?”  Making “high-quality training in how people learn (the cognitive, social, cultural, and

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

International

less an imparter of knowledge and more a designer and a facilitator oflearning experiences and opportunities. In other words, the real challenge in college teaching isnot trying to cover the material for the students, as many of us believe and practice today; but,rather uncovering the material with the students. This is a call for all faculty involved withteaching engineering courses and as members of faculty teams who develop, maintain andimplement engineering programs , to consider not only the content and topics that make up anengineering degree but also how students engage with these materials. It is primarily a call toconsider how students engage in their college experience, and to search for proper tools that canbe deployed to stimulate

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Entrepreneurship Education in New Contexts

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Donald D. Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University; Paula Gangopadhyay, The Henry Ford (museums)

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

the engineering curriculum,but often the topics are delivered piecemeal over multiple courses, losing focus and continuity.Therefore, Lawrence Technological University in collaboration with The Henry Ford (anationally renowned cultural, historical, and educational destination in Dearborn, Michigan)developed and administered a week-long summer enrichment program (i.e., summer camp) forundergraduate engineering students focused on progressively building from the foundations ofthe creative process/competencies to the application of innovative techniques coupled withengineering design and problem solving. The program was available to students of multipleengineering disciplines from across the U.S.Throughout the week, the students explored the

Conference Session

Case Studies & Engineering Education Around the Globe

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

International

become less an imparter of knowledge and more a designer and a facilitator oflearning experiences and opportunities. In other words, the real challenge in college teaching isnot trying to cover the material for the students, as many of us believe and practice today; butrather uncovering the material with the students! This is a call for all faculty involved withteaching engineering courses and as members of faculty teams who develop, maintain andimplement engineering programs , to consider not only the content and topics that make up anengineering degree but also how students engage with these materials. It is primarily a call toconsider how students engage in their college experience, and to search for proper tools that canbe deployed to

Conference Session

Activities and Assessment for “Awkward ABET Outcomes”

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clifton B. Farnsworth, Brigham Young University; Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Michael J McGinnis, University of Texas at Tyler; Geoff Wright, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Students are allowed tolook up the weight of water if they do not know it. The purpose of this laboratory exercise is todemonstrate to the students the importance of utilizing creativity and resourcefulness in settingup and conducting a design experiment, since in the real world they are not always given specificexperimental directions or the processes required to take an engineering measurement. Page 23.253.5This lab exercise is intended to help the students explore their ability to “think outside the box”and become problem solvers. Furthermore, this lab tests their ability to achieve accurate resultsusing non-typical methods. As in other labs

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, engaging students in learning is principally the responsibility of the instructor,who should become less an imparter of knowledge and more a designer and a facilitator oflearning experiences and opportunities. In other words, the real challenge in college teaching isnot trying to cover the material for the students, as many of us believe and practice today; butrather uncovering the material with the students. This is a call for all faculty involved withteaching engineering courses and as members of faculty teams who develop, maintain andimplement engineering programs , to consider not only the content and topics that make up anengineering degree but also how students engage with these materials. It is primarily a call toconsider how students

Conference Session

Stops and Starts in the Development of Cooperative Education Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

principally the responsibility of the instructor,who should become less an imparter of knowledge and more a designer and a facilitator oflearning experiences and opportunities. In other words, the real challenge in college teaching isnot trying to cover the material for the students, as many of us believe and practice today; butrather uncovering the material with the students. This is a call for all faculty involved withteaching engineering courses and as members of faculty teams who develop, maintain and Page 25.348.2implement engineering programs , to consider not only the content and topics that make up anengineering degree but also how students

Collection

2020 ASEE North Midwest Section Annual Conference

Authors

Gül E. Kremer, Iowa State University of Science and Technology

-Centered Design and Manufacturing” at a largeAmerican public university. The experiment featured classroom data collection from anexperimental cohort at four different stages of an intervention using a questionnaire. Results werethen compared to those of a control group’s.Results: Preliminary results showed that students’ systematic creativity learning lessened thedifferences in creative outcomes due to industrial experience and formal degree programdifferences.Conclusions: Results from this study could help better prepare students for the ever-increasinginterdisciplinary nature of engineering teams in different industrial settings all over the world. Theintervention designed for this study will also help students more effectively transition

Collection

2022 ASEE Gulf Southwest Annual Conference

Authors

Salvatore Enrico Paolo Indiogine, Texas A&M University; Brandon Chi-Thien Le, Texas A&M University; Sidharth Dhaneshkumar Shah

modifications such as closed captions4. However, the sameresearch has shown that the “raw,” albeit subtitled, videos are not much of a step forward fromtraditional lecturing. Berardi and Blundell5 have noted about providing lecture capture that, “Whilethis is an important application, it is effectively just a modern version of the sage on the stage, or inlearning theory terms, it is objectivist learning, where students are expected to remember and repeatwhat has been presented to them. Capture technology has potential to go beyond passive, objectivist Proceedings of the 2022 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX Copyright © 2022

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bob Rhoads, The Ohio State University; John Schrock, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

learners’ beliefs, monitoring, and control of test-enhanced learning. Educational Psychology Review, 33(3), 823-862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09578-2[42] Bjork, E. L., & Bjork, R. A. (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. In M. A. Gernsbacher, R. W. Pew, L. M. Hough, J. R. Pomerantz (Eds.) & FABBS Foundation, Psychology and the real world: Essays illustrating fundamental contributions to society (pp. 56–64). Worth Publishers.[43] Soderstrom, N. C., & Bjork, R. A. (2015). Learning versus performance: An integrative review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 176-199. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1745691615569000[44] Kirk-Johnson, A

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FYP) - GIFTS

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aditya T. Vadlamani, The Ohio State University; Laine Rumreich, The Ohio State University; Andrew H. Phillips, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

with choice and flexibility.BackgroundLiteratureJIT learning is an inductive teaching strategy, which is a class of strategies that helps studentsperceive real-world applications of the material they are learning [4]. In this way, inductivelearning helps students understand why they should care about the material beyond its use later inthe curriculum. Inductive approaches normally also involve active and collaborative learningmethods, both of which are known to have positive effects on many learning outcomes [5]. JITlearning in this study is also used within the context of many of these other inductive teachingmethods, including project- and problem-based learning to more effectively achieve a broad rangeof learning outcomes [4]. Inductive

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashita Bawankule, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Lara Hebert, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Rafael Tinoco, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Tracy Dace, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Alexandria Cervantes

types of engineers (mechanical,electric, computer, industrial, environmental, etc.) and also recognize the process of engineeringas one that they carry out in their daily life. This helped ground their understanding ofengineering in the real-world. As an indicator of the role that relevance plays in understanding,students referenced pop-culture in their designs and design decisions. They envisioned engineersdeveloping designs and solutions connected to their day-to-day lifestyle (like making glowingnail polish and a machine to fold clothes), as well as for more diverse applications like makinghearing aids, medicines, cars, batteries, generating electricity etc. Through completing theirdesign projects, the students also developed a better