Conference Session

The "Education" in Experiential Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nashwan Younis, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

experiments, interpret and analyze data, and report results. 4. Graduates will demonstrate the ability to design a mechanical system, component, or process that meets desired specifications and requirements. 5. Graduates will demonstrate the ability to function on engineering and science laboratory teams as well as on multidisciplinary design teams. 6. Graduates will use modern engineering software tools and equipment to analyze mechanical engineering problems. 7. Graduates will demonstrate an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility. 8. Graduates will be able to communicate effectively in both verbal and written forms. 9. Graduates will have the confidence for self-education and the ability for

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Roman Z. Morawski; Jerzy Woznicki; Andrzej Krasniewski

Session 2260 Quality Assessment in Engineering Education – Indicators of Progress Andrzej Krasniewski, Roman Z. Morawski, Jerzy Woznicki Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Warsaw University of Technology1. INTRODUCTIONFast political, social and economic changes have significantly affected the functioning ofacademic institutions in Central and Eastern Europe. The most essential factors that determine anew environment in which academic institutions operate are substantial budget cuts andunattractive career prospects for university employees.For example, in Poland as a result

Conference Session

Innovative Topics in ChE Curriculum

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Daniel Fichana; Ann Marie Flynn; Robert P. Hesketh; C. Stewart Slater; Jim Henry

Expanding the Frontiers in Green Engineering Education C. Stewart Slater1, Robert P. Hesketh1, Daniel Fichana1, Jim Henry2, Ann Marie Flynn3 (1) Rowan University Department of Chemical Engineering Glassboro, NJ 08028 (2) University of Tennessee, Chattanooga Department of Chemical Engineering Chattanooga, TN 37403 (3) Manhattan College Department of Chemical Engineering Riverdale, NY

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Donna Shirley

Session 2002 Document: 2002-406 Division: Multimedia Managing Creativity: A Creative Engineering Education Approach Donna L. Shirley Assistant Dean College of Engineering University of OklahomaAbstractManaging Creativity is the title of a course originally developed by an experienced manager ofcreative teams for training industry

Conference Session

Discipline Specific Topics and Techniques

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tasha Zephirin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Catherine G.P. Berdanier, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Suely M. Black, Norfolk State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

syllabus. Data was collected usingQualtrics, an online survey software. Bi-annual retreats included scheduled discussion times toreflect and discuss progress within the modules but discussions also occurred “offline” amongcommittees responsible for the development of particular modules.Challenges and conclusionsThe book The Formation of Scholars: Rethinking Doctoral Education for the 21 st Century”makes an urgent and pointed call for educators to “grapple with questions about what they do,why, and with what success (p 4) 24”. The authors point out that the purpose, vision, and qualityof doctoral programs acutely suffer from a lack of well-defined and systematic assessment.Doctoral programs lack the structures and drivers needed for faculty and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Identity

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Allison Godwin, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Brianna Benedict McIntyre, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Jacqueline Ann Rohde, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Dina Verdin, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Aaron Robert Hamilton Thielmeyer, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Herman Ronald Clements III, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Zhihui (Sherry) Chen

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #29338CAREER: Actualizing Latent Diversity in Undergraduate EngineeringEducationDr. Allison Godwin, Purdue University at West Lafayette Allison Godwin, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University. Her research focuses what factors influence diverse students to choose engineering and stay in engineering through their careers and how different experiences within the practice and culture of engineering fos- ter or hinder belongingness and identity development. Dr. Godwin graduated from Clemson University with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering and Ph.D. in Engineering and Science

Conference Session

Metrology Laboratories

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Sugg, Navy; John Fishell, STEP

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

AC 2008-2856: NAVY OUTREACH: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATIONPARTNERSHIPDouglass Sugg, Navy Department Head at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Corona, California Board member of several professional Measurement Science organizations.John Fishell, STEP Attorney and Counsel Science and Technology Education Partnership (STEP) Executive Board of Directors Page 13.921.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 NAVY OUTREACH: The Science and Technology Education Partnership (STEP) ProgramAbstract:The Science and Technology Education Partnership (STEP) is addressed as an

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Cristiano Cordeiro Cruz, Aeronautics Technological Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Paper ID #28670Brazilian Grassroots Engineer’s Education: Achievements, Flaws, andChallengesDr. Cristiano Cordeiro Cruz, Aeronautics Technological Institute I currently develop a post-doctorate research at the Aeronautics Technological Institute (ITA) with a schol- arship from FAPESP (#2018/20563-3). I hold a PhD degree in Philosophy (University of S˜ao Paulo, 2017), a bachelor degree in Philosophy (Jesuit Faculty of Philosophy and Theology, 2008), a master degree in Electrical Engineering (University of Campinas, 2002), and a bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering (University of Campinas, 1999). My research area

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Yousef Ismail, Texas A&M University - Qatar; Hamid R. Parsaei, Texas A&M University - Qatar; Bing Guo, Texas A&M University - Qatar; Konstantinos E. Kakosimos, Texas A&M University - Qatar; Raelene Dufresne, Texas A&M University - Qatar; Nasser Alaeddine, Carnegie Mellon University - Qatar

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Paper ID #14992Advancing Engineering Education through Technology-Driven Teaching In-novationsDr. Mohamed Yousef Ismail, Texas A&M University - Qatar Mohamed Y. Ismail received the B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA, in 1989, and the M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA, in 1992 and 1997, respectively. He is currently a Senior IT Consultant with Texas A&M University at Qatar, since 2014. During 2013 and 2014, he taught a course on cyber security for the University of Maryland

Conference Session

Student Empathy and Human-Centered Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benedikt von Unold, Stanford University; Annette Isabel Böhmer, Laboratory for Product Development and Lightweight Design; Tua A. Björklund, Aalto University Design Factory; Nicolas Ledl, Stanford University; Udo Lindemann, Laboratory for Product Development and Lightweight Design; George Toye, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #22297Implications of Contextual Empathic Design for Engineering EducationMr. Benedikt von Unold, Stanford University Benedikt studied Medical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). In 2017, he joined the Designing Education Lab at Stanford University to learn more about the integration of user backgrounds in design. He was involved in various entrepreneurial activities and worked as a student in small, medium and large companies. The creation of innovation was both an essential part in his studies as it was in his jobs.Ms. Annette Isabel B¨ohmer, Laboratory for

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Klingbeil, Wright State University; Kuldip Rattan, Wright State University; Michael Raymer, Wright State University; David Reynolds, Wright State University; Richard Mercer, Wright State University; Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati; Brian Randolph, University of Toledo

AC 2007-1116: A NATIONAL MODEL FOR ENGINEERING MATHEMATICSEDUCATIONNathan Klingbeil, Wright State University Nathan W. Klingbeil is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Robert J. Kegerreis Distinguished Professor of Teaching at Wright State University. He is the lead PI for WSU's National Model for Engineering Mathematics Education. He is the recipient of numerous awards for his work in engineering education, including the CASE Ohio Professor of the Year Award (2005) and the ASEE North Central Section Outstanding Teacher Award (2004).Kuldip Rattan, Wright State University Kuldip S. Rattan is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Wright State University

Conference Session

Enhancing Recruitment and Retention in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth McGinnis-Cavanaugh, Springfield Technical Community College; Glenn Ellis, Smith College; Diana Fiumefreddo, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2010-1579: DRAFTING A BLUEPRINT FOR EDUCATING TOMORROW'SENGINEERS TODAYBeth McGinnis-Cavanaugh, Springfield Technical Community CollegeGlenn Ellis, Smith CollegeDiana Fiumefreddo, Smith College Page 15.430.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Drafting a Blueprint for Educating Tomorrow’s Engineers TodayIntroductionWith the establishment of a STEM middle school and other initiatives, the Springfield,Massachusetts Public School System (SPS) has made a commitment to excellence inTechnology/Engineering instruction for all of its 5700 students. To support this commitment, apartnership between the Springfield Middle Schools, Springfield Technical Community

Conference Session

Collaborations Between Engineering/Education

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Charles Feldhaus

Project PETE: Pathways to Engineering and Technology Education Charles Feldhaus, Ed.D Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University Purdue University IndianapolisIntroductionThis paper details a unique, funded, secondary/post-secondary partnership titled ProjectPETE: Pathways to Engineering and Technology Education. This partnership betweenthe Indianapolis Public Schools (IPS) Career and Technology Center and the PurdueSchool of Engineering and Technology at Indiana University Purdue UniversityIndianapolis (IUPUI) provides a variety of pathways for IPS students to attend thevarious post-secondary programs offered by the Purdue School of Engineering

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Carol Lynn Alpert; Jacqueline Isaacs

Nano's Big Bang: Transforming Engineering Education and Outreach C. L. Alpert, J. A. Isaacs,* C. M. F. Barry,# G. P. Miller,§ A. A. Busnaina* Museum of Science, Boston / *Northeastern University / # University of Massachusetts Lowell / §University of New HampshireAbstractThe rapid emergence of nanoscale science and engineering as a focal point for a broad range ofgovernment and privately-sponsored basic research activities – intended to catalyze breakthroughtechnologies and commercially-successful advances in medicine, computing, materials,manufacturing and defense– is having a correspondingly influential impact on the

Conference Session

Systems Approach to Teaching ET

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Gary Masciadrelli; Nicholas Massa; Gary Mullett

thecourse, but in the context of a real-world application such as the design of a simple power supplyor electronic control system, they can be made to understand the importance of those learningobjectives in relation to a larger system. The learning will take on real meaning, and as a result,students will be better able to apply their knowledge to similar future real-world applications.Adopting a systems-level approach to engineering technician education is a natural catalyst forhelping faculty move towards a more interdisciplinary curriculum. For example, when presentingstudents in an electric circuits course with specific systems-level applications (e.g., an industrialrobot), other aspects of the system such as motor control software, printed

Conference Session

Enhancing K-12 STEM Education with Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taylor Martin, University of Texas, Austin; Tom Benton, University of Texas, Austin; William McKenna, University of Texas, Austin; Pat Ko, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

technologies, and a well educated,globally distributed global workforce represent significant challenges to the status quo ofU.S. engineering and engineering education. Meeting these challenges requires atransformation of how engineering is taught. Strong domain knowledge and technicalexpertise no longer make a well-rounded engineer; the rapid pace of change in scienceand engineeringalso requires high levels of ingenuity and adaptivity. Learning scientistsdescribe these dual capabilities as “adaptive expertise” (AE). Adaptive experts areinnovative: they are able to creatively leverage their experience and perform well in noveland fluid situations. They are also efficient: they apply their core taxonomic knowledgeappropriately and expeditiously. Common

Conference Session

ChE: Innovations in the Classroom

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Marlin, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Process and Control Systems for Dynamic Performance 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000). In addition, he presents industrial short courses on process control, control benefits, and optimization. Dr. Marlin’s research interests focus on improved dynamic performance of dynamic systems through real-time operations optimization and process control design. Email: marlint@mcmaster.ca Personal WEB:http://www.chemeng.mcmaster.ca/faculty/marlin/ Consortium: http://www.macc.mcmaster.ca/ Page 12.1366.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Teaching "Operability" in

Conference Session

Strengthening Liberal Education in Engineering

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Nicholas Steneck; Barbara Olds; Kathryn Neeley

• familiarity with basic word-processing, presentation, graphing, and drawing software 4. Fundamental speaking and presentation skills • an ability to use oral communication to convey ideas and information • familiarity with the attributes of effective speakers and talks Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2002, American Society for Engineering Education Page 7.971.4 B. Professional Responsibility. Engineering is more than "a job." When a studentbecomes an engineer, she or he assumes special

Conference Session

Oceans & Marine Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deidre Sullivan, Marine Advanced Technology Education Center; Jill Marie Zande, Marine Advanced Technology Education Center

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

resources).3 The graying trendin the marine workforce adds to the urgency of educating new technical professionals that willadapt and excel in the rapidly advancing ocean workplace.4Recent workforce studies conducted by MATE and funded by the Office of Naval Research haveidentified more than twenty ocean occupations that are limiting the growth of ocean industriesbecause of the lack of qualified personal, including electronics/marine technicians (such asremotely operated vehicle [ROV] technicians); engineers (electrical, mechanical,civil/structural); and computer scientists (software application developers, computerprogrammers, hardware developers).5 However, these are not simply engineers, technicians, andcomputer scientists; they are

Conference Session

Professional Skills development in Design

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Matthew Cromwell, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Andreas Febrian, Utah State University - Engineering Education

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #16497Student’s Self-Regulation in Managing Their Capstone Senior Design ProjectsDr. Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University Dr. Oenardi Lawanto is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Education at Utah State University, USA. He received his B.S.E.E. from Iowa State University, his M.S.E.E. from the University of Dayton, and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Before coming to Utah State, Dr. Lawanto taught and held several administrative positions at one large private university in In- donesia. He has developed and delivered numerous international workshops on student

Conference Session

They need more than technical skills!

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pradeep Kashinath Waychal, Guruji Education Foundation; Anil Dattatraya Sahasrabudhe P.E., All India Council for Technical Education

Tagged Divisions

International

Waychal earned his Ph D in the area of developing Innovation Competencies in Information System Organizations from IIT Bombay and M Tech in Control Engineering from IIT Delhi. He has presented keynote / invited talks in many high prole international conferences and has published papers in peer- reviewed journals. He / his teams have won awards in Engineering Education, Innovation, Six Sigma, and Knowledge Management at international events. His current research interests are engineering education, software engineering, and developing innovative entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. He has been chosen as one of the five outstanding engineering educators by IUCEE (Indo-universal consortium of engineering education).Prof. Anil

Conference Session

Preparing for Practice

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Presentacion Rivera-Reyes, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Raymond Edward Boyles, Technology and Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #6900Training in Troubleshooting Problem-Solving: Preparing Undergraduate En-gineering Students for IndustryMr. Presentacion Rivera-Reyes, Utah State University - Engineering Education Presentacion Rivera-Reyes is currently a graduate teaching assistant and a PhD student in the Engineering Education Department at Utah State University. He formerly held a position as Professor of Telecommu- nication Engineering at Technological University of Honduras. He received his B.S. in Electrical Engi- neering from the National Autonomous University of Honduras. He has experience in the telecommu- nication industry where

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue, Towson University; Jamie Mikeska, Educational Testing Service; Elizabeth Orlandi, Science Education Consultant

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Paper ID #29180Development and Teacher Perceptions of an Avatar-Based Performance Taskfor Elementary Teachers to Practice Post-Testing ArgumentationDiscussions in Engineering Design (RTP)Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue Ph.D., Towson University Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue, Ph.D., is Professor of Science and Engineering Education in the Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences at Towson University. She has a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering, worked briefly as a process engineer, and taught high school physics and pre-engineering. She has taught engineering and science to children in multiple formal and informal settings

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Tawfik, Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED); Elio Sancristobal, Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED); Sergio Martin, Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED); Rosario Gil, Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED); Alberto Pesquera Martín, Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED); Tovar Edmundo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Martin Llamas-Nistal, University of Vigo; Gabriel Diaz Orueta, Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED); Juan Peire; Manuel Castro, Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED)

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Politcnica de Madrid (UPM). He is a certified Software De- velopment Professional (CSDP) from the IEEE Computer Society. He is Associate Dean for Quality and Strategic Planning in the Computing School of the Universidad Politcnica de Madrid. From this last po- sition, he is in charge of the training for academic staff, the introduction of innovative solutions including new pedagogies, new approaches that improve student learning of technical skills and cultural skills, im- proved methods of blended learning, and others. He works in the open educational resources area. He is leader of an Innovation Group in Education in the UPM. He is Executive Director of the OCW UPM Office and an elected member of the Board of Directors

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Lee, Central Illinois Technology and Education Research Institute

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

water 2. Energy: e.g., solar, wind, clean coal, electric vehicles 3. Health: e.g., medicine, equipment designed to improve fitness, monitor elderly 4. Safety: e.g., transportation, fire prevention, emergency preparedness 5. Rescue: e.g., communication systems, robotic search devices, locating devices 6. Exploration: e.g., space and underwater exploration, robotic vehiclesEquipment Used: 1. LEGO StoryStarter Sets –Recommend assigning 1 to 3 students per set. 2. LEGO StoryVisualizer software – Web based software provided by LEGO Education 3. Camera – Compact camera with micro mode, external or integrated PC/tablet camera 4. Light box – Capture scenes under controlled lighting (An inexpensive light box can

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Mohammed-Noor Naher Al-Maghrabi; Ahmed A. Abdou El-Abbasy

. This software helped students tounderstand the nature of dynamic loads and their effects onbodies. The final results of students and their grades wereimproved comparing with their results without this suggestedsoftware. Dynamics topics covered by the software and itscomponents are illustrated in the paper. This software hasproved its capability to improve teaching of dynamics andearthquake engineering. The software is also a helpful tool formaking any parametric studies consuming long times ofrepetitive calculations. Index Terms—Dynamics of structures, education, simulation,software I. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEWT HE destruction caused by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake marked the beginning of a long and richhistory

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven Schweitzer; John Klegka

instructing the use of a particular software package to exercise theseconcepts. In many settings more time is spent learning how to use the solid modeling softwarethan understanding the conceptual techniques of visualizing 3-D solid objects. The use of mid-level Computer Aided Design (CAD) packages with built in tutorials can greatly reduce theamount of time spent learning how to use the software and allow the instructor to focus onconceptual understanding.Most mid-level CAD packages do not offer the power or functionality of the larger, more robustsoftware used by industry, but their ease of use makes them a great first step in educating astudent in 3-D solid modeling. Several mid-level CAD packages are made or supported byproducers of large

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Daniel M. Chen

Session 2648 Using Computer-Aided Design to Enhance Engineering Technology Education Daniel M. Chen Central Michigan UniversityAbstractThis article discusses the use of a computer-aided design (CAD) software as an enhancement toan undergraduate mechanical engineering technology program. With advances in both hardwareand software, the technology in CAD is changing rapidly. Although many major softwarepackages in the market are much easier to learn and use, they are more sophisticated in terms ofcapabilities. It is easy for one to know what the

Conference Session

Simulations and Project-Based Learning II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Turner, Purdue University (Statewide Technology); Chris Foreman, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rajeswari Sundararajan, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 24.307.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Computer Simulation Tools to Enhance Undergraduate Power Systems EducationAbstractThis paper presents a review of software simulation tools relevant for use in undergraduateelectrical power systems education. A study of the software packages is presented with respectto their utility in teaching according to the Cognitive Domain Hierarchy of Bloom's Taxonomy.1. IntroductionIn recent years a variety of factors have combined to place increasing pressure on the electricpower industry; including increasing electrical energy demand, aging infrastructure, energyindependence and security goals, and increasingly stringent

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 8

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Awatif Amin, Johnson C. Smith University; Suryadip Chakraborty

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

pandemic extensively affected the students’ life at Johnson C.Smith University, a historically black higher education institution (HBCU), It is veryimportant to consider all the factors to fully understand and interpret the results.Machine learning and data mining was the method for analysis. From the analysis results, wesee how students find difficulties mainly during the change to remote learning such asaccessing the Wi-Fi, “A recently published study from Carnegie Mellon University and theMassachusetts Institute of Technology found that that both poverty and race affect youngpeople's access to the Internet.” [14] Also accessing career services for internships and jobfinding. Accessing specific software and specialized tools, dealing with LMS