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Displaying results 1501 - 1530 of 27788 in total
Conference Session
International Division (INTL): Humanitarian Design and Sustainable Development
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joanna G Burchfield, University of South Florida; Jamie Chilton, University of South Florida
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
International Division (INTL)
in traditional study abroad experiences. While some programs have developed short-term study abroadexperiences spanning a single 15-week semester or 6-week summer session, thus reducing interference with degreeprogression, even these short-term experiences are considered too long by many engineering faculty and administrators,and engineering students rarely participate. In an attempt to remove some of the aforementioned deterrents and makestudy abroad opportunities more accommodating to engineering students, we developed an extreme-short-term studyabroad course specifically designed for engineering students with the intent of maximizing intercultural impact over theduration of spring break. The objective of this work in progress paper is to
Conference Session
Pre-College Engineering Education Division Technical Session 10
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Lydia Ross, Arizona State University; Medha Dalal, Arizona State University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Jacob Roarty
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education
asynchronous activities. The project used the learning management system, Canvas, as theprimary hub/activity center for all PD information and activities.The [PROGRAM NAME] counselor PD was split into three phases. Phase I sessions weredesigned to facilitate counselors’ discovery of how engineering connects with a variety ofdisciplines, while learning about inclusive practices and challenges associated with implicitbiases, stereotypes, and stereotype threats.Phase II engaged counselors in hands-on engineering design activities to help them “think like anengineer.” All participants received a mail-kit with materials needed to complete this componentof the PD program. The mail-kit included necessary items for completing all hands-on activitiesthroughout
Conference Session
Cooperative and Project-based Global Learning
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Soondo Kweon, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville; Jun H. Park, Tongmyong University; Kookhyun Kim, Tongmyong University; Kee Joo Kim, Tongmyong University; Jeonghoon Song, Tongmyong University; Hooi-Siang Kang, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; H. Felix Lee, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
International
Computer Integrated Design and Manufacturing. His papers appear in numerous refereed journals, books, and proceedings. In 2004, he organized the CAD/CAM/CAE student design contest in the PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) World Conference and chaired the first five contests in 2004 through 2008. Lee is a member of SME, IIE, Tau Beta Pi, and Phi Kappa Phi. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 A Summer Immersive Program for Global Engineering Education with Focus on 3D Design and Structural Analyses Soondo Kweon1, Jun H. Park2, Kookhyun Kim3, Keejoo Kim2, Jeonghoon Song2, Hooi- Siang Kang4, and H. Felix Lee51 Mechanical Engineering, Southern
Collection
2024 Rocky Mountain Section Conference
Authors
Grace Burleson; Janet Tsai; Daria Kotys-Schwartz
Work in Progress: What is Design in the Context of a Mechanical Engineering Ph.D. Program? Grace Burleson, Janet Tsai, and Daria Kotys-Schwartz Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderAbstract Design has long been considered a fundamental focus area within the mechanicalengineering discipline. At the undergraduate level, students are given the tools and resources togain knowledge and skills in critical design competencies, such as ability to scope problems,develop analytical models, and test and validate solutions. However, there is limited scholarshipregarding the conceptualization and definition of design at the doctoral level within themechanical
Conference Session
Effective Projects and Experiments in Instrumentation and Control
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Bowker; Saleh M. Sbenaty, Middle Tennessee State University; Mark Newton Johnson, Equipass ID
Tagged Divisions
Instrumentation
-payment solutions in a professional sports venue. His background in RFID technology combined with a passion for the horse industry lead to the creation and development of a read/write record man- agement system for the animal industry. Mr. Johnson continues to develop complimentary technology solutions utilizing the collaborative talents of private industry, educational institutions and government entities. Page 22.210.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Animal Record Management Using an Embedded RFID-Based SystemAbstractThe current paper describes the design and
Conference Session
Developing Young MINDS in Engineering: Part I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Virginia Booth Gleghorn, Purdue University,Minority Engineering Programs; Carol S Stwalley P.E., Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
environment to a majority global university setting is low hanging fruit.Successful transition became the focus of the Minority Engineering Program EngineeringAcademic Boot Camp (ABC) bridge program at Purdue University.Using historical data from the ABC program, this paper examines and discusses the retentionand academic performance results of program participants compared to other URM’s as well asthe total first semester engineering cohort in the College of Engineering. The results of the datasupports the use of transitional programs designed to improve student success in engineering.IntroductionUniversities and corporations have a vested interest in creating a diverse workforce andrealizing the tremendous value that diversity brings to the
Conference Session
Integration of Manufacturing and Society
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Technological University; Bonita Barger, Tennessee Technological University; Ersel Obuz, Celal Bayar University; S. Murat Bagdatli, Celal Bayar University; Ismet Anitsal; Meral Anitsal
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
, honey-like material to a taffy-likesubstance. Mesir is a viable substitute for unhealthy snack foods and a new option in energysupplements [5]. The overall objective of the ISL research team is to create a marketing plan forMesir products and to design new packaging for the United States market, while developingstudent skills of critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork.The research team consisted of five students; two engineering and three business students, and afaculty member. Their task was to develop a product marketing strategy to promote the MesirPaste to the US market, come up with a business management plan to introduce the product toUS consumers and produce an innovative design and end-product to package the Mesir Paste tothe US
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Reid Bailey, University of Virginia; Benjamin Choo, University of Virginia; Heather Rowan-Kenyon, University of Virginia; Amy Swan, University of Virginia; Marie Shoffner, University of Virginia
systemslevel and a component level are needed for the U.S. to remain competitive. Most engineeringschools fail to meet the growing need for engineers skilled in multiscale design: they educateengineers to handle systems issues or component issues, but not both. Furthermore, engineeringeducation focuses on designing static, “point” solutions, not agile solutions that can adapt tochange. Specifically, this project proposes the development of Technology Leaders, atransportable interdisciplinary program that will prepare engineers and technicians to lead teamsin the designing and building of multiscale agile systems.Building on prior work at the University of ___A___, ___B___ Community College, and theLearning Factory at Penn State, the Technology Leaders
Conference Session
FPD 1: The Path to Engineering
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Marisa K. Orr, Louisiana Tech University; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University and Central Queensland University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
enrollment began their college careers outside engineering.1Many programs have been put in place to recruit students into engineering fromunderrepresented groups,2,3 but fewer programs exist to recruit from among students alreadyenrolled in universities and the nature of the engineering curriculum makes it difficult for manystudents to switch into engineering once they have chosen a different academic pathway.Most people who apply to colleges of engineering “always wanted” to be engineers or at leastthey had decided by the time they were seniors in high school that engineering was going to betheir career path. Many identify as being “good at math and science” and therefore engineeringmade sense to them.4 Others like to build things or got involved
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Ronald E. Terry; Kurt Sandholtz
Session 2630 Empowering Graduates to Manage Professional Careers for Greater Satisfaction and Contribution Ronald E. Terry, Kurt Sandholtz Brigham Young University/Novations Group, Inc.IntroductionRecent reports aimed at improving engineering education are consistent in recommending newattributes for future graduates.1,2 These attributes are in addition to the strong technicalcapabilities for which engineers have been known and are frequently referred to as the ‘soft’skills. They include: 1. An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams. 2. An understanding of
Collection
2006 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Sidi Berri; Andy S.J. Zhang
A New Two-Year Interdisciplinary Program in Industrial Design Technology Sidi Berri Andy S.J. Zhang sberri@citytech.cuny.edu azhang@citytech.cun.edu Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology New York City College of Technology of CUNY 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201 Abstract: The Mechanical Engineering Technology Department of the New York City College of Technology (NYCCT) used to offer two associate degree programs in Applied Science, one in Mechanical Engineering
Conference Session
Innovative Course Developments in Construction
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Tingerthal P.E., Northern Arizona University
Tagged Divisions
Construction
AC 2012-3932: USING SELF-ASSESSMENT IN AN INTRODUCTORY STRUC-TURES COURSE FOR CONSTRUCTION MANAGERSJohn Tingerthal P.E., Northern Arizona University John Tingerthal joined the construction management faculty at Northern Arizona University in 2007. His engineering career spans a wide variety of design and forensic engineering experiences. He spent the first eight years of his career performing structural consulting engineering in Chicago. This work culminated with design work on the Minneapolis Public Library and the Overture Center for the Arts in Madison, Wis. He was also involved with forensic investigations in Iowa and Wisconsin and participated in structural coordination efforts at Ground Zero in September of
Conference Session
CEED - Technical Session 2
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Karen P Kelley, Northeastern University; Steven Thomas McGonagle, Northeastern University Gordon Engineering Leadership Program
Tagged Divisions
Cooperative & Experiential Education
) Page 23.16.2(Source 4)Many organizations now notice the lack of engineering talent capable of stepping into leadershiproles in today’s fast paced, technology-driven environment. To remedy this situation, largerbusinesses are taking it upon themselves to develop their own leadership development programs fornew college hires. Examples of such programs are found in GE’s Edison Development Engineering,Operations Management Leadership Programs and J&J’s Global Operations LeadershipDevelopment or “Gold” program. In fact, many employers in need of hiring better-trained leadersare now modeling their leadership programs after these programs. Looking closely at leadershipdevelop programs, often the participants are simply rotated through different
Conference Session
Green Renewable Energy and Engineering Technology
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Radian G. Belu, Drexel University; Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University, Goodwin College of Professional Studies, Engineering Technology Program
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
AC 2011-488: AN UNDERGRADUATE COURSE ON RENEWABLE EN-ERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYSTUDENTSRadian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.) Dr. Radian Belu is Assistant Professor within the Engineering Technology (ET) program - Drexel Uni- versity, Philadelphia, USA. He holding the second position as Research Assistant Professor at Desert Re- search Institute, Reno, Nevada. Before joining to the Drexel University Dr. Belu hold faculty and research positions at universities and research institutes in Romania, Canada and United States. He also worked for several years in industry as a project manager and senior consultant. He has taught and developed undergraduate and graduate courses in electronics, power
Conference Session
Student Empathy and Human-Centered Design
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Benedikt von Unold, Stanford University; Annette Isabel Böhmer, Laboratory for Product Development and Lightweight Design; Tua A. Björklund, Aalto University Design Factory; Nicolas Ledl, Stanford University; Udo Lindemann, Laboratory for Product Development and Lightweight Design; George Toye, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
Product Development and Lightweight Design Annette B¨ohmer studied Mechanical Engineering at Technical University of Munich (TUM). Currently she is about to finish her PhD in Agile Innovation of Mechatronic Systems. She co-founded Think.Make.Start., which is a lecture at TUM, that already created ˜10 startups (eg. Hawa Dawa, Kewazo, Solos mirrors). This so-called Makeathon format was evaluated at BMW Group with ˜250 employees that convinced top management with their working prototypes, created in just 5 days. Besides she benefit of a scholarship ”Manage&More” at UnternehmerTUM, the Center for Innovation and Business Creation at TUM.Dr. Tua A. Bj¨orklund, Aalto University Design Factory Tua Bj¨orklund is one of the
Conference Session
Scholar Program Proposal/Develop Courses and Materials/Collaborations and Accredatation Systems for Global Engineering Education
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lester Gerhardt, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Andy Riess, Council for International Exchange of Scholars
Tagged Divisions
International
AC 2010-1606: FULBRIGHT SCHOLAR PROGRAM PROPOSALLester Gerhardt, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute After 10 years with Bell Aerospace Corporation where he was Director of Avionics Research, Dr. Gerhardt joined Rensselaer in 1970. He was promoted to Full Professor in 1974, and was selected as Chairman of the newly merged Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering Department in 1975, a position he held through 1986. The ECSE Department growth and development during these years was nationally recognized in a National Academy of Science report receiving the top rating in the most improved program category, as well as being rated in the top 10 percent in other categories. In 1986, he was
Conference Session
FPD I: Research on First-year Programs Part I
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shelley Lorimer, Grant MacEwan University; Elsie Elford, Grant MacEwan University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
literature onstrengths and the use of strengths as a mechanism for enhancing self understanding andimproving team performance. It was clear from the outset of this course that this process mightbe useful as an educational tool (for the students) and as a research tool (engineering educationalresearch) in analyzing the first-year engineering educational experience. As a result,StrengthsFinder was introduced in our first-year program as a part of the curriculum in a courseentitled “An Introduction to the Engineering Profession”. This initiative has evolved into anongoing longitudinal study examining the StrengthsFinder talent themes of first-year engineeringstudents, to determine whether or not each engineering group possesses a unique talent
Collection
2000 Annual Conference
Authors
Albert L McHenry; Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University
of technical specialization is digital electronics. He has industrial experiencewith the Boeing Co., 3M Co., Motorola Inc. and Minority Engineers of Louisiana. His current researchinterests include noise in digital systems design methodology and effective paradigms in engineeringtechnology education. He is Co-director of The Western Alliance to Expand Student Opportunity, aNational Science Foundation Alliance for Minority Participation project. Dr. McHenry has been activelyinvolved in four-year technology programs for over 35 years. He was the recipient of the 1996 ASEE,Fredrick J. Berger Award and is presently the Chair of the Engineering technology Council and a memberof the ASEE Board of Directors
Collection
2001 Annual Conference
Authors
Denny Davis; Larry McKenzie; Steve Beyerlein; Michael Trevisan
representedmechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer engineering, and biological systemsengineering. The same individual administered the assessment to all students in a uniformmanner.Three raters were employed in this study. Two of the raters were engineering faculty membersfrom different departments and institutions. The third rater was a research assistant with over 20years industry experience managing engineering design projects.A three-step scoring process was used to assess student work and test whether the scoring criteriacould be applied reliably. This process was employed three times, one for each component ofthe mid-program assessment.Step 1. A random sub-sample of student work (n ≈ 10) was obtained from the original 139students and
Conference Session
Online Teaching
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Susan L. Miertschin, University of Houston (CoT); Carole E. Goodson, University of Houston (CoT); Barbara Louise Stewart, University of Houston
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
Paper ID #11964Time Management Skills and Student Performance in Online CoursesProf. Susan L. Miertschin, University of Houston (CoT) Susan L. Miertschin, M.Ed., M.S.I.S., is an Associate Professor teaching in the Computer Information Systems program at University of Houston. Her teaching interests are in the areas of (1) information systems applications development and the complementary nature of back-end developer and front-end developer skill sets and (2) managing IT services. Her research interests are program and student as- sessment, the impact of instructional technology on student learning, and the improvement of e
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Melissa S. Tooley; Kevin Hall
Session 1625 Using a Capstone Design Course to Facilitate ABET 2000 Program Outcomes Melissa S. Tooley, Kevin D. Hall University of ArkansasAbstractABET 2000 challenges colleges of engineering to produce graduates with professional as well astechnical skills. Specifically, ABET Criterion 3 (Program Outcomes and Assessment) outlinesthe desired attributes for graduate engineers. Capstone design courses are one of the mosteffective ways for engineering departments to facilitate the outcomes described by ABETCriterion 3.This paper discusses how the civil
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Approaches for Enhancing Non-technical Skills
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alistar Erickson-Ludwig, Drexel University ; Rosie Sullivan, Drexel University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
opportunities to participating students beyond their first year. Asthe program continues and mentored students become new student leaders, the program becomesself-sustaining and the network of informed peer educators grows. These peer educator/studentleadership programs can compensate for limited faculty and staff resources, while still providingsupport for students.Need for Soft Skills and LeadershipSoft skills are often character traits that define how one interacts with others. These skillstypically include communication, creativity and adaptability, leadership, management, andcollaboration or teamwork, among others. Communication and teamwork are important forgraduates but it is difficult to adequately address these skills in existing engineering
Collection
ASEE Zone 1 Conference - Spring 2023
Authors
Amitabha (Amit) Bandyopadhyay, State University of New York, College of Technology at Farmingdale
Paper ID #40466A Study in Learning Styles of Construction Management StudentsDr. Amitabha (Amit) Bandyopadhyay, State University of New York, College of Technology at Farmingdale Dr. Bandyopadhyay is a SUNY Distinguished Service Professor and was Chair of the Architecture and Construction Management Department at Farmingdale State College-SUNY for twenty-four years. Cur- rently, he is the director of the graduate program at the college. He was the chair of ETAC-ABET and a commissioner of ANSAC-ABET. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2023 A Study in
Conference Session
International Division (INTL): Navigating Risks and Cross-Cultural Challenges
Collection
2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yanjun Yan, Western Carolina University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
International Division (INTL)
organized as follows. Risk factors will be discussed in detail in the next section.Risk management and risk mitigation strategies for each category of risks will be presented next.Campuses and organizations have developed policies to enforce such strategies, which will besummarized. Some past scenarios and helpful tips from the author’s personal experiences are shared asexamples of the strategies and policies, followed by some concluding thoughts.Risk Factors in International Engineering EducationThe commonly considered risk factors in international engineering education are related to the trip itself,but even before the trip is planned, the faculty need to consider the risks in the pedagogical choice ofleading a faculty-led trip such as program
Collection
2009 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
. • Certified Level: 26-32 points • Silver Level: 33-38 points • Gold Level: 39-51 points • Platinum Level: 51-69 pointsBased on LEED certificated for new building Sustainable Site (SS) can obtain up to 14 creditsfor all its subcategories11. Water Efficiency (WE), can attain up to 5 credits. From these groupsthe Sustainable Sites (SS) and Water Efficiency (WE) can be part of the sustainable water in theHydraulic/ Hydrology syllabus in construction technology management program. FromSustainable Sites (SS) the credits 6.1 stormwater Design, Quantity and Quality Control and fromWater Efficiency (WE) the subcategories of Innovative Wastewater Technologies and Water UseReduction (by 20-30% Reduction) are included in the syllabus.Effect of
Conference Session
College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Simeon Ntafos, University of Texas, Dallas
Tagged Divisions
College Industry Partnerships
solidifies the connection of interns to the company and greatly improves the prospects ofa job offer. Industry-defined senior design also fits very well with the goals of the ASEE TUEE(Transforming Undergraduate Education in Engineering) initiative to increase the job-readinessof engineering graduates.[3,4].While SE Design was officially under the UTDesign umbrella for some time, it retained itsindependence (e.g., in management) and separated from UTDesign several years ago. The mainfeatures that justify viewing SE Design and UTDesign as separate programs, are theirmanagement (instructor vs. professional staff) and the fee structure for participating companies(none vs. $10-15K).In this study we attempt a comparison and evaluation of the two industry
Conference Session
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Outreach in K12 through College Engineering Education
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Eric Iversen, Start Engineering
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education Division
graduate degrees. The respondingprograms came from 70 universities, six four-year schools, 11 two-year schools, and four “other”organizations (two non-profit consortia, one education society, and a museum, all affiliated withcolleges or universities in some fashion).The survey was designed to illuminate the contours of engineering outreach, as colleges and universitiesconduct it. These contours encompass the purpose and audience for outreach programs, types ofoutreach events run by programs, and administration of outreach programs. Data gathered in all theseareas serve to identify trends and notable features among the great variety of approaches people take tothe outreach enterprise. Analysis of the results clarifies such trends and features.The
Conference Session
Potpourri
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gholam Ali Shaykhian, Florida Institute of Technology; Mohd Abdelgadir Khairi, Najran University; Jinan Ziade
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), serving as the past Program Chair for the Minorities in En- gineering Division. He has served as a chair, vice-chair, program chair, and program committee member for numerous conferences of ASEE.Dr. Mohd Abdelgadir Khairi, Najran University I, Mohamed Khairi, my bachelor degree in computer science. I did my Masters in system science from University of Ottawa, Canada. My PH.D was in ”Master Data Management” from University of Phoenix. I have over 20 years of experience in IT industry - ten of them with Microsoft in Redmond, WA. Currently I’m assistant professor at University of Najran. In addition of teaching and Research I’m coordinator of graduation projects and
Conference Session
An Examination of Methods to Enhance Transfer Student Enrollment, Retenion, Persistence, and Outcomes
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Surendra K. Gupta, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Daniel P. Johnson, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); Mike Eastman, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); Vincent Joseph Amuso Sr., Rochester Institute of Technology; John Morelli, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST)
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
Professor Chair of the Department of Packaging Science in the School of Engineer- ing Technology at RIT. He teaches courses in production and supply chain management, manufacturing operations, automation, robotics, and operations strategy.Prof. Mike Eastman, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST) Mike Eastman is Department Chair and Professor of Electrical, Computer, and Telecommunications Engi- neering Technology at Rochester Institute of Technology. Mr. Eastman spent six years as a hardware de- sign engineer with Intel corporation, specializing in embedded systems design prior to entering academia in 1996. Most recently he has been involved in curriculum development and academic calendar conver- sion at RIT and is
Conference Session
Construction Session 1: Sustainable Practices
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Scott Kelting, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eric A. Holt, University of Denver; Nathan Barry, University of Nebraska - Kearney
Tagged Divisions
Construction
Construction Engineering from the University of Nebraska. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Peer and Student Review of an Online Construction Management Sustainability Course This paper presents the delivery system for an online construction management course in sustainability and the built environment at a major university. Information about the course layout, assignments, discussions, and assessments are provided in this paper. The course provides a systems approach to green building science that includes sustainable site development, water use efficiency, renewable energy, improving material use, indoor environmental quality, and design innovation. The authors