Conference Session

ME Demonstrations and Laboratories

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas A. Feldhausen, Kansas State University; Bruce R. Babin, Kansas State University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering; Emily Dringenberg, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanics of Materials Dynamics Instrumentation Model Analysis of Dynamic Engineering Analysis for Kinematics and Dynamics of Computer Applications in Thermodynamics Systems Mech. Machinery Mechanical Engineering Machine Design Dynamics Fluid Mechanics Dynamics Machine Design

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Yen-Lin Han, Seattle University; Teodora Shuman, Seattle University; Gregory Mason, Seattle University; Kathleen Cook, Seattle University

Paper ID #37726Work in progress: Designing a sustainable mechanism fordiscursively navigating changeJennifer A Turns (Professor) BioYen-Lin Han (Associate Professor) Yen-Lin Han is an Associate Professor in the department of Mechanical Engineering at Seattle University. Dr. Han received her BS degree in Material Science and Engineering from National Tsing-Hua University in Hsinchu, Taiwan, her MS degree in Electrical Engineering and her PhD degree in Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering from the University of Southern California. Her research interests include micro-scale molecular gas dynamics, micro fluidics

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asghar Rezasoltani, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019Educational Method for Measuring of the Mechanical and Surface Properties of Additively Manufactured MaterialsAsghar Rezasoltani, Assistant Professor, asghar.rezasoltani@wku.eduSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KYAbstract Additive manufacturing methods are being taught widely in many universities and schools.Students learn how to use 3D printers to make their designed parts, but they usually do not measurethe mechanical and surface properties of their additively manufactured parts to compare the newmaterials with the conventional materials such as steels, aluminums, and injected polymers. Thisarticle summarizes

Conference Session

Subjects in 3D Printing and ET Programs

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rex C Kanu, Purdue University (Statewide Technology); Caleb Hale, Purdue Polytechnic Institute; Patrick O'Neal Piper, Ivy Tech Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

sustains the student lab experience primarily in Mechanical Engineering Technology and also in Indus- trial Technology. Caleb demonstrates, instructs, and supervises lab activities. He sets up labs, tests and maintains operation of lab equipment and secures lab activities related to the course materials and learning objectives. Caleb has a B.S. Industrial Technology and an A.S. Mechanical Engineering Technology both from Pur- due University College of Technology.Mr. Patrick O’Neal Piper, Ivy Tech Community College Patrick Piper is currently the Program Chair of Engineering Technology at Ivy Tech Community College in Richmond Indiana. He earned his Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering from South- ern

Conference Session

Student Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Hammad Afzal Quddus, Mercer University; Landon James Yarbrough, Mercer University; Megan Elizabeth Batchelor, Mercer University; Chandan Roy, Mercer University

Tagged Topics

Student Papers

Paper ID #45746An independent study on designing and building of an ASTM D5470 standardapparatus for testing thermal performance of various materialsHammad Afzal Quddus, Mercer University Hammad Quddus is an undergraduate student pursuing a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering at Mercer University expecting to graduate in May 2025. He has spent the past two years as an undergraduate research assistant under Dr. Chandan Roy, where he has worked on building and designing a cost-effective thermal interface material testing apparatus.Landon James Yarbrough, Mercer UniversityMiss Megan Elizabeth Batchelor, Mercer University I am a

Collection

2005 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Ameya A. Chandelkar; Deepak G. Bhat

A High Temperature Hardness Testing System for Mechanical Characterization of Engineering Components Ameya A. Chandelkar and Deepak G. Bhat Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of ArkansasAbstractMechanical properties of materials at high temperatures often show a significant departure fromroom-temperature behavior. In the study of materials science, an understanding of mechanicalbehavior as a function of temperature is quite valuable. One of the elegant ways to determinetensile strength of metallic alloys is to measure the material hardness, in which the hardness actsas a “strength microprobe.”1With this aim in mind, we put together a high-temperature

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Learning Tools (Hands On)

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Blake Herren, University of Oklahoma; Nyree Mason; Firas Akasheh, Tuskegee University; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Yingtao Liu, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

settings.Prof. Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma Zahed Siddique is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering of University of Oklahoma. His research interest include product family design, advanced material and engineering education. He is interested in motivation of engineering students, peer-to-peer learning, flat learning environments, technology assisted engineering education and experiential learning. He is the coordinator of the industry sponsored capstone from at his school and is the advisor of OU’s FSAE team.Prof. Yingtao Liu, University of Oklahoma Dr. Yingtao Liu is an assistant professor in the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering at the

Conference Session

Mechanical Systems

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Blace Albert; Wayne Whiteman

compartmentalization. This paper presents a proposedoutline of an integrated two-semester course sequence in dynamic systems, vibration, and controlat the junior or senior level of the undergraduate experience. Selected topics could also bearranged to provide a one-semester course. Prerequisites for this proposed offering include abasic knowledge of linear algebra and calculus through differential equations, statics, dynamics,mechanics of materials, and basic electrical circuit theory and analysis. A graphical overview, ormind map, of the course is provided along with a detailed description of the various topicscovered and the sequencing of the material.IntroductionThis paper addresses the need for integrating topics within the mechanical

Collection

2005 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Jason Weiss; Farshad Rajabipour; Thomas Schmit; Sebastian Fait

2fundamental understanding of the structure of materials, characterization of materials, andrelationship between the properties and structure of materials. Over the last four decades, thismethodology has become referred to as ‘the material science approach’. The following sectiondescribes the content of these courses and provides some of the background that lead to theincorporation of the interactive teaching technology in CE 331 during the spring of 2005 [2].Engineering Materials I (CE 231) is a required sophomore level course that is divided into threeparts. The first part of the course begins by introducing concepts of mechanics including stressand strain. The materials response to stress are described including the concepts of 1) linearityand

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aldo A. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology; James I. Craig, Georgia Institute of Technology; Bonnie H. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology; Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

Paper ID #26135Development of a Portable Experimental Platform to Demonstrate the Roleof Material and Cross-section in Beam BendingDr. Aldo A. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology Al Ferri received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Lehigh University in 1981 and his PhD degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University in 1985. Since 1985, he has been a faculty member in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech, where he now serves as Professor and Associate Chair for Undergraduate Studies. His research areas are in the fields of dynamics, controls, vibrations, and acoustics

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jingyu Wang, University of Oklahoma; Nyree Mason, Tuskegee University; Firas Akasheh, Tuskegee University; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Iowa State University; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Yingtao Liu, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

of Engineering Management and Systems Engi- neering of Missouri University of Science & Technology. Her research interests include multi-criteria decision analysis methods applied to improvement of products and systems. She is a senior member of IIE, a fellow of ASME, a former Fulbright scholar and NRC Faculty Fellow. Her recent research focus includes sustainable product design and enhancing creativity in engineering design settings.Prof. Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma Zahed Siddique is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering of University of Oklahoma. His research interest include product family design, advanced material and engineering education

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Corinne Darvennes; Sally Pardue

, in two mechanical engineeringcourses, sophomore-level dynamics and junior-level vibrations, is showcased.Various features of WebCT are presented and provide examples of how engineering content canbe effectively delivered with web-based tools. Advantages of using WebCT over facultyauthored web-sites include password protected log-in only for enrolled students, gradingdatabase, quiz database, organization structure for course content, built-in communication tools,and archival storage of course material. In two years experience with WebCT, the authors havefound that maximum results with minimum time invested are best achieved through sharedeffort. Now, we’d like to share our work with you.1.0 IntroductionThe paper describes the use of WebCT in

Conference Session

Programming, Virtual Reality, and Dynamic Systems

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zaker Ali Syed, Clemson University; Tianwei Wang, Clemson University; Kristin Kelly Frady, Clemson University; Kapil Chalil Madathil, Clemson University; Jeff Bertrand; Rebecca S. Hartley, Clemson University; John R. Wagner P.E., Clemson University; Anand K. Gramopadhye, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. A pilot study to assess the material was started in the Fall 2014semester in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Clemson University. The junior levelundergraduate course “Manufacturing Processes and their Application” (ME 3120) providesstudents an overview about common industry manufacturing processes. The instructor for thiscourse used a standard grading system of 90-100, A; 80-89, B; etc. Special emphasis wasgiven in developing the supplemental e-learning material in a manner that would help 3 students grasp the basic concepts while simultaneously practicing typical applications withina virtual industrial environment. For instance, the module for machining operations features afully

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 19

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shawna Dory, Pennsylvania State University; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Paper ID #42644Work-In-Progress: Faculty and Student Perceptions of the Integration ofArts-Related Material into Engineering Courses and CurriculaMs. Shawna Dory, Pennsylvania State University Shawna Dory is a PhD candidate in the Education Policy Studies Department at Pennsylvania State University. She has a bachelor of arts degree in Sociology from Geneva College, and earned a master’s of education degree in Counselor Education, Student Affairs from Clemson University. Along with her role as a PhD candidate, she is also a research assistant in the Leonhard Center for Enhancement of Engineering Education at Penn State. Her

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Thermodynamics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Subodh Subedi, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Krishnan Suresh, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Paper ID #36428Using Topology Optimization in an UndergraduateClassroom SettingSubodh Subedi Subodh C. Subedi is a PhD candidate at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is currently working towards his PhD on design for metal additive manufacturing. During his graduate studies, he has worked as a Teaching Assistant (TA) for courses such as Machine Component design, Computer Aided Engineering, and Design Optimization. He is passionate about teaching and has been mentoring undergraduate students in Capstone projects. Apart from graduate studies, he has been actively involved

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer - II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Philip Gerhart, University of Evansville; Robert Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, and consequences of three vs.four credit hours. One university has a four credit hour thermodynamics and a three credit hourfluid mechanics, while the other university has exactly the opposite. Through student surveys,course objectives/outcomes, course syllabi, instructors’ experiences, and average grades,conclusions are drawn on the effects of course length. Other issues are examined such aschallenges facing instructors who have previously taught a four credit hour course that now mustcover the same material within a three credit hour allotment. Finally recommendations are givenfor instructors that are allotted less than desirable credit hours.1. IntroductionEach undergraduate Bachelor of Science Mechanical Engineering program in the United

Conference Session

Work in Progress: Hands-on Activities

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ilhem F. Hakem, Carnegie Mellon University; Richard Tang, Carnegie Mellon University; Michael R. Bockstaller, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

morphology, polymer-based nanostructures; polymer- based nanoparticle assemblies; phase behavior and structure-property relations of organic-inorganic het- erogeneous materials; as well as characterization of materials using X-ray or neutron scattering and elec- tron microscopy. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Work in Progress: Kinesthetic Learning of Network Mechanics using Force Feedback TechnologyAbstractRecent advancements in haptic force feedback technologies enable novel opportunities for theteaching of science and engineering by augmenting classical laboratory experiments with hapticexperiences that provide deeper

Conference Session

Miscellaneous Mechanics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Lord, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Paper ID #36571Hiring instructional faculty improves student achievement inlarge foundational engineering mechanics courses.James Lord (Collegiate Assistant Professor) James earned a Ph.D. in Biomechanical Engineering from Newcastle University, England in 2012 for his work on metal- on-metal hip prostheses. He works as a collegiate assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics at Virginia Tech, where he coordinates and teaches introductory courses in statics and mechanics of materials. Research interests include pedagogy and policy for large introductory mechanics classes, assessment

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Shepard, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

lead reviews of different chapters influid mechanics. This peer tutoring activity is similar to the team “learning syndicate” describedby McKeachie and Svinicki10. Two opportunities for peer tutoring can be captured in this singleassignment. The first was within the small team as it prepares material for its review session.The second is when the team actually delivers its review session to their classmates (i.e. teaches).In order to complete the assignment the small team of students had to meet to discuss the Page 24.1205.3different topics and divide material. The initial small group discussions facilitate both thetransmission of knowledge

Conference Session

Mechanical Systems

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Tammy Gammon

and assignments have evolved into a unique learningexperience.Content Objectives and Synopsis of Course Assignments The course has two main content objectives: (a) to promote awareness of the ubiquitouspresence of smart devices and systems in the home, office, and industry, and (b) to provide arudimentary understanding of their operation. The key aspects of mechatronics [7] are shown inFigure 1; computer control of devices based on sensory input is the focus of this course. Table 2lists the main topic addressed by each assignment. Each assignment consists of several parts,often requiring a program and a schematic. Occasionally questions are included in theassignments to ensure that students understand the material or to simulate

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ann Saterbak, Duke University; Eric Stephen Richardson, Duke University; Harris Solomon, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

Paper ID #41853Board 71:Work in Progress: Creation of Teaching Materials to Support Identificationof Authentic Needs that Inform Engineering-Design ProjectsDr. Ann Saterbak, Duke University Ann Saterbak is Professor of the Practice in the Biomedical Department and Director of First-Year Engineering at Duke University. Saterbak is the lead author of the textbook, Bioengineering Fundamentals.Eric Stephen Richardson, Duke UniversityHarris Solomon, Duke University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 WORK IN PROGRESS: Creation of Teaching Materials to Support

Collection

ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Spring Conference

Authors

Pooja Thakkar Singh, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Debra Ann Pothier, Autodesk, Inc.; Anand Sethupathy, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Geraldine Gooding, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; David Soukup P.E., American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Jarrett Reich, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Morgan Lamarre, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; James Stewart Warrick

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Mechanical EngineersMorgan Lamarre, American Society of Mechanical EngineersJames Stewart Warrick ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Industry 4.0 and Modernizing Manufacturing EducationAbstractIndustries are encouraged to work together to reduce the time to talent, or the period when anemployee transitions from entry-level to being able to effectively contribute to achieving theorganization’s goals. There is some material related to Industry 4.0, but there is also a need forinsight into topics like design for manufacturing, design for sustainability and generative designalong with minimal practical exercises for integrating tools like product lifecycle, simulation,and material selection into

Conference Session

Issues in Mechanical Engineering Technology II

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Dai Vian, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nancy L. Denton P.E., Purdue Polytechnic Institute's School of Engineering Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

improved for sophomore-level studentsin the mechanical engineering technology (MET) program at Purdue University’s Kokomocampus. In this group project, students compare and analyze mechanical property data collectedfrom hardness and tensile testing of ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) specimens. Thelaboratory procedures and the testing specimen geometries follow appropriate standards formaterials testing. The experiment includes a study on the effects of manufacturing process andplastic colorant on these properties by using two different manufacturing processes and fivedifferent colors. Based on two semesters’ learning of materials and processes in their freshmenyear, students are expected to test, compare, and explore the differences in

Conference Session

Thermal Fluid Related

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Julie Mendez, Indiana University-Purdue University Columbus

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

students have access to the course materials from the first day of the course. The goals of thisstudy were to determine student perceptions of the course materials and to compare studentperformance to a previous course offering using a traditional textbook.Pedagogical Approach/MethodologyThe focus of this project is an undergraduate 3-credit-hour heat and mass transfer course. It is arequired course in the mechanical engineering curriculum and requires a fluid mechanics courseas a prerequisite. The course had previously been offered twice in a blended format by the sameinstructor [12]. In the revised Spring 2020 course using OER and other no-cost digital materials,the same course objectives and a similar module structure were used as in previous

Conference Session

Teaching Methods in Mechancial Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blake M. Ashby P.E., Grand Valley State University; Wendy S. Reffeor, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

abilities to interpret the results for bendingcalculations and to design a machine using bending. Overall, the results of the student perceptionsurveys indicate that the hip replacement activity was a better tool for teaching the compositebeam theory and had the added benefit of introducing students to biomedical engineeringapplications of fundamental mechanics principles.IntroductionReal-world teaching examples stimulate student learning, increase student engagement, anddeepen student understanding of the presented material. Therefore, where real-world examplesare readily available, incorporating them into the engineering classroom is considered a bestpractice. Multiple repositories1 and best practices resources2 have recently been added to

Collection

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Chinmaya Joshi; Stephen Pierson; Jackson Minnick; Corbin Russ; Han Hu

capabilities of additivemanufacturing techniques like fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, students can greatlybenefit from using these techniques for their senior capstone projects. The content of the paperexplores and proposes the use of metal-polymer and fiber-polymer filaments using FDM printersas a part fabrication resource for senior capstone projects for mechanical engineering students. Theuse of additive manufacturing provides students with much-needed industry skills like prototyping,tolerancing, and design experience while metal-polymer and fiber-polymer filaments providebetter, enhanced properties to printed models and open up new horizons for 3D printing functionalparts. Integrating these novel materials into engineering education

Conference Session

Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) Topics in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rogelio Palomera-Arias, University of Texas, San Antonio; Rui Liu, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Construction

. Page 26.1143.3For the courses that had a textbook requirement, the majority of them specified a single textbookfor the course, with a few courses requiring two or three different books. Nevertheless the greatvariety of reading and reference materials available covering MEP materials, five textbooksstood out as the main selections by MEP courses instructors: “Mechanical and ElectricalSystems in Buildings” written by Janis & Tao[3], “Mechanical and Electrical Systems forConstruction Managers” published by the staff at American Technical Publishers (ATP)[4],“Mechanical and Electrical Systems in Architecture, Engineering and Construction” byDagostino & Wujek[5], “Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings” by Grondzik etal.[6], and

Conference Session

Dynamics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremiah J. Neubert, University of North Dakota; Joel Kevin Ness, University of North Dakota

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

present a new method for giving students feedback on problem Page 26.1540.2sets that increases student persistence, helps students obtain course learning objectives, andencourages a deeper understanding of the material by reducing student use of crutches. This newmethod is based on the supervisions, sometimes referred to as tutorials, used at Cambridge andOxford Universities7. These institutions assign problem sets to students, but do not grade them.Rather students complete the problem sets to prepare for a supervision where they present theirsolutions. Students that fully participate in the supervisions receive full credit for the problemsets

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna L. Gorlewicz, Vanderbilt University; Robert James Webster III, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2012-4170: A FORMAL ASSESSMENT OF THE HAPTIC PADDLELABORATORIES IN TEACHING SYSTEM DYNAMICSJenna L. Gorlewicz, Vanderbilt University Jenna L. Gorlewicz received her B.S. in mechanical engineering from Southern Illinois University, Ed- wardsville, in 2008. She is currently in the forth year of her Ph.D. work in mechanical engineering at Vanderbilt University, and she is a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow. Her current research interests are in developing novel devices and methods for engineering education, including haptic touch screen interfaces to help teach graphical mathematics concepts to blind children.Dr. Robert James Webster III, Vanderbilt University Robert J. Webster III received his

Conference Session

Disciplinary Engineering Education Research – Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew M. Grondin, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Michael I. Swart, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Arushi Renschler Pandey, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Katherine Fu, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Mitchell Nathan, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

reasoningsuggests they employ both GEC and FF viewpoints of torsion, which has implications fordesigning effective learning experiences and for assessing students’ knowledge. Keywords: assessment, mechanical reasoning, mechanics of materials, undergraduate engineering educationIntroduction:As professional engineers, the concept of torsion is crucial. Across hosts of disciplines, whetherstudents specialize in mechanical, biomedical, civil, nuclear, or geological engineering, orengineering physics and mechanics, the concepts covered in theory-based or lab courses ontorsion are foundational to understanding how physical systems behave and how to adequatelydesign systems given torsional loads. For example, torque is experienced in transmission shaftsin