Collection

2018 ASEE Conferences - Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration / San Antonio proceedings

Authors

Xiumin Diao; Jin Hu; Yuxin Liang

. In Siggraph Asia, 2016 Posters, 23.[10] Mostafavi, S., & Bier, H. (2016). Materially informed design to robotic production: a robotic 3D printingsystem for informed material deposition. In Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design, 338-349.[11] David, S. (2015). 6-Axis Robot-Arm 3D Printer Runs on Arduino, Slings Spiderwebs.[12] KUKA Roboter GmbH (2015). KR AGILUS six with W and C variants specification.Biographical InformationYUXIN LIANG is currently an undergraduate in the School of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and theDepartment of Computer Science at Purdue University. His research interests include Manufacturing and Robotics.JIN HU received his Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Design, Manufacturing and Automation

Conference Session

Tools and Techniques

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen H. Jin, University of New Hampshire; Michael Jonas, University of New Hampshire; Christopher David LeBlanc, University of New Hampshire; Theodore Sean Tavares, University of New Hampshire

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

Paper ID #23065Modernizing Capstone Project: External and Internal ApproachesProf. Karen H. Jin, University of New Hampshire Karen H. Jin has been an Assistant Professor of Computer Science in Computing Technology program at UNH Manchester since Spring 2016. She previously taught as a lecturer for over ten years in University of Windsor and Dalhousie University. Her interest in computer science education research focuses on devel- oping new empirically supported theories and practices in teaching programming, software engineering and project-based learning with industrial relevance. She received her Ph.D. and M.Sc. in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Firdous Saleheen, Temple University; Salvatore Giorgi, Temple University; Zachary Thomas Smith, Temple University; Joseph Picone, Temple University; Chang-Hee Won, Temple University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Illinois Institute of Tech- nology. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Temple University. His primary research interests are currently machine learning approaches to acoustic modeling in speech recognition. His research group is known for producing many innovative open source materials for signal processing including a public domain speech recognition system. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and has been active in several professional societies related to human language technology. He has authored numerous papers on the subject and holds several patents in this field.Dr. Chang-Hee Won, Temple University Chang-Hee Won is an associate professor of electrical and

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Kevin Scoles

while meeting the Quality Matters benchmarks for onlinecourses. Student survey feedback has been useful in improving course content and delivery.VIII. Bibliography1. B. K. Hodge, Alternative Energy Systems and Applications, Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley, 2010.2. “America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation,” Committee on America’s Energy Future, Nat. Academy of Sciences, Nat. Academy of Engineering, Nat. Research Council, Washington, DC, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=120913. D. J. C. MacKay, Sustainable Energy–without the hot air, UIT Cambridge, 2008 [Online]. Available: http:// www.withouthotair.com4. Camtasia 2, TechSmith [Online]. Available: http://www.techsmith.com/camtasia.html5. Explain

Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

Gabriella C Butler; Hailey Dooley, Northeastern; Liam O'Buachalla; Matthew John Urbano; Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University

and similar engineering designs. The idea ofour project is based on the law of conservation of energy. We are taught, even as young students, that energycannot be created or destroyed [2]. It is one of the most basic and common ideas of physics. The energy weuse to rotate our chairs, therefore, can be harnessed and stored. Otherwise, it is lost to sound and heat energy,which are not of use to us. The key formula our idea is based on is that of rotational kinetic energy: E=½I𝜔2 [3]. This helped us reason that even partial rotations (in either direction) would still generate energy, asthe equation is not dependent on the direction of the velocity. Figure 1.1: First survey response question: How frequently do you do this? (47 responses

Conference Session

PSW Section Meeting Papers - Disregard start and end time - for online paper access only

Collection

2019 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Jay Tyler Davis II, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo; Sonya Dick; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Bradley Wash, California Polytechnic University, SLO; Julia Holton, California Polytechnic State University: Department of Kinesiology and Public Health

Tagged Topics

Pacific Southwest Section Meeting Paper Submissions

of juggling. The assignment (provided in the Appendix)was framed according to a model-eliciting activity (MEA)[3], where the kinesiologists were theclients. The engineering students were required to write a memo back to the kinesiology studentssuggesting different parameters that could be used to classify the jugglers into the cognitive,associative, or autonomous learning phase. The dynamics students were also given a table thatcontained anthropometric data for the hand, forearm, and upper arm in order to determine themass properties of the arms of the kinesiology students participating in the juggling. The dynamics students were provided with the position versus time data for points on thearm as well as for the three balls from the

Conference Session

CoED General Technical Session II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert P. Brazile, University of North Texas; Kathleen Swigger, University of North Texas; Matt Ray Hoyt, University of North Texas; Brian Lee, University of North Texas; Brandon Nelson, University of North Texas

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. Section 2 describes related work; Section 3 presents theoverall design as well as the database for the system. Section 4 describes the interface in detail,and Section 5 provides an example of how we are currently using the software to managedifferent team projects.2. Related ResearchThe idea that engineering students should learn how to collaborate is not new; Engineeringeducators have been promoting group projects for years 8. Computer Science faculty have alsodiscovered that distance-learning technology can be effective for teaching certain types of skills6,9 . Commercial tools such as Blackboard (www.blackboard.com/) provide general platforms forpublishing course materials on the web, while software such as Groove (grv.microsoft.com

Conference Session

Innovation for ChE Student Learning

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Alfred Carlson

role than as a “sage on a stage.” Second, the explosion of new scientific information has made it almost impossiblefor textbooks to keep up with the state of the art in science and engineering. One canclearly learn more about current techniques in molecular biology by using the most recentmethods published on the internet than by reading about what are often outdated methodsin a textbook. (For any flaws it has, instant publishing has the advantage of speed overany other method of conveying information.) Third, steady research into the process of learning has shown that the “transmitter– receiver” model of learning where the professor is the transmitter and students arepassive receivers is clearly incorrect and leads to poor

Conference Session

Corporate Member Council Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jared V. Berrett, Utah State University; Cedale Sage Armstrong, Utah State University; Curtis G Frazier, Utah State University Eastern

Tagged Topics

Corporate Member Council, Diversity

weeks I would be learning about the different schools of Utah State University and would be working close under three different professors. Each week I gained significant first- hand knowledge of what mathematicians, structural engineers, and Material Scientist do. The first Professor I worked with specialized in the structural design of levy’s and dams. In his lab we conducted experiments with various sediments and pressurized water cells. The object of the experiment was to test the permeability of the soil as constant water current traveled through it. In order to differentiate the less permeable sediments, we would increase the water pressure by increasing its rate of flow into the sediment

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session - Robotics and Manufacturing

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

research in Rapid Prototyping and Reverse Engineering, Biomedical Device Design and Manufacturing, Automation and Robotics, and CAE in Manufacturing Processes fields. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Developing and Teaching Modular RobotsAbstractThis study focuses on development and teaching modular industrial robots to students from avariety of levels including high school and college. Initially, MOSS modular robotics system, arobotic toy, was chosen as the development platform. However, it was not found to be adequatefor most of the industrial robot configurations, excluding the articulated robot arm. Thus,additional components were

Conference Session

Computer-Based Learning Models

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Jerald, C. D. Defining a 21st century education. (The Center for Public Education, 2009).2 Atkins, D. E. et al. Revolutionizing science and engineering through cyberinfrastructure. (Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure, 2003).3 National Science Foundation Cyberinfrastructure Council. Cyberinfrastructure vision for 21st century discovery. (National Science Foundation, 2007).4 National Academy of Engineering. The engineer of 2020: Visions of engineering in the new century. (National Academy of Engineering, 2004).5 Borgman, C. L. et al. Fostering learning in the networked world: The cyberlearning opportunity and challenge. (National Science Foundation

Conference Session

Developing New Instrumentation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kamala Mahanta, State University of New York, Oneonta

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

conducted with a grant (Project # 1059010) from the US Department ofEnergy grant as part of the collaboration on the NYNBIT project (Grant # DE – FG02-06ER64281) administered by the SUNY Institute of Technology, Utica, NY. The authorthankfully acknowledges the support.References: 1. Lynn E. Foster: Nanotechnology: Science, Innovation and Opportunity, Prentice Hall/Pearson Education, Inc., 2006. 2. C. S. Lent, T. P. Fehlner, G. Bernstein, G. Snider, M. Lieberman: Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata, University of Notre Dame, In. 3. Zhong Lin Wang: Nanostructures of Zinc Oxide, Materials today, June 2004 4. H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, T. A. Nieminen, M. E. J. Friese and N. R. Heckenberg: Optical Trapping of Optical Particles

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Opeyemi Falade, Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University; Michael S Rugh, Texas A&M University; Andre Thomas, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

Paper ID #43616(Board 51/Work in Progress) Cognitive and Emotional Effects of the VideoGame Freedom Bridge.Samuel Opeyemi Falade, Texas A&M University Samuel Falade is a PhD student in Multidisciplinary Engineering at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. His research focuses on the non-entertainment use of games and game engines.Dr. Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University Dr. Kristi J. Shryock is the Frank and Jean Raymond Foundation Inc. Endowed Associate Professor in Multidisciplinary Engineering and Affiliated Faculty in Aerospace Engineering in the College of Engineering at Texas A&M University

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education and Outreach

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Beverly Davis

influence job-search strategies (15).There is a paradox in comparing male and female wages in the workplace today. Although the gap hasnarrowed, women still only earn 76.5 cents on the dollar compared to men (3). Recent survey findings ofWorking Women Magazine and found the paradox is in some industries including occupational therapists,advertising executives, and physicists, the women average higher wages than their male counterparts (3).For example, advertising is a female-dominated business where the idea is more important than thetechnological skills needed in many industries. Women are also gaining in the areas of law, medicine, andbusiness but unfortunately, the U.S. science, engineering, and technology workforce is “comprised mainlyof white

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debarati Basu, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech; Kang Xia, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

computer-supported research and learning systems, hydrology, engineering education, and international collaboration. He has served as a PI or co-PI on 16 projects, funded by the National Science Foundation, with a $6.4 million research funding participation from external sources. He has been directing/co-directing an NSF/Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Site on interdisciplinary water sciences and engineering at VT since 2007. This site has 95 alumni to date. He also leads an NSF/Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) site on interdisciplinary water research and have 10 alumni. He also leads an NSF-funded cybersecurity education project and serves as a co-PI on two International Research Experiences for

Conference Session

Instructional technologies - Simulations, VR, Remote Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University; Kevin Frank, Drexel University; Ayanna Elise Gardner, Drexel University; Richard Chiou, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

activity for Applied Mechanics courses. She is coordinator and advisor for capstone projects for Engineering Technology.Kevin Frank, Drexel University Drexel University student studying Mechanical Engineering Technology. Currently on CO-OP and work- ing on the Unity3D implementation portion of this project.Ms. Ayanna Elise Gardner, Drexel University After graduating with her associate’s degree in Engineering Technology from Delaware County Commu- nity College in 2018, Ayanna transferred to Drexel University to continue her undergraduate career. Her interest in the hands-on applications of the Engineering Technology field was sparked during her time as an organizational-level helicopter mechanic for the United States

Conference Session

Hybrid and Online Teaching of Mechanics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicolas Nytko, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Matthew West, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Mariana Silva, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

Paper ID #29456A simple and efficient markup tool to generate drawing-based onlineassessmentsNicolas Nytko, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Nicolas Nytko is a M.S. student in the department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His current research interests are in computer science education and scientific computing.Prof. Matthew West, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Matthew West is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Prior to joining Illinois he was on the faculties of

Conference Session

Metrology Laboratories

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Lapinskes, Sypris Test & Measurement Inc

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

attended the school at Lowery AFB theTPR was over 1500.Current Metrology Programs in SchoolsIn looking at the situation as it exists today, there are a handful of schools offering an Associateof Science degree in Metrology with several others incorporating measurement, statistics, anduncertainty classes in their Engineering and Quality curriculums. The numbers of studentsactually graduating with Metrology Degrees or Metrology emphasis from these institutions in2006 was approximately 42. Adding the private sector graduates with the military graduates wehave a number of approximately 175. It is needless to point out that 175 candidates will notsatisfy the needs of industry for these highly specialized technicians.Current Metrology NeedsThe need for

Conference Session

Design: Content and Context

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald McEachron, Drexel University; Fred Allen, Drexel University; Elisabeth Papazoglou, Drexel University; Mustafa Sualp, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

isengineering. Many engineering faculty view such ‘soft’ disciplines involving psychological or Page 13.1362.3sociological aspects of human behavior as unreliable – not real science and/or engineering – andtherefore not worth any significant effort.Other reasons seem less easily justified. Faculty have been heard to claim that student learningoutcomes cannot be measured and thus creating a CQI system based upon such assessment is notpossible. On the face of it, this claim seems patently ridiculous. What are grades but a method ofassessing student learning outcomes? Are we to believe that there are no metrics available toassess student performance? In

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Ali Behagi

circuits, do not exist at wireless andmicrowave frequencies. As a result the wireless and microwave circuit designer has to relyheavily on intuition and experience rather than computerized design techniques. Special effort and some innovation is required to offer wireless and microwaveengineering courses, with extensive hands-on laboratory experiments, at the undergraduate level.Penn State Harrisburg, thanks to an equipment grant from the National Science Foundation and ahigh frequency circuit design software donation from HP-EEsof, has developed a laboratory andassociated courses for undergraduate education. In 1987, the Pennsylvania Department of Education extended a grant to Penn StateHarrisburg to establish a course in microwave

Conference Session

Mobile and Emerging Technologies in Construction

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. Casey Cline, Boise State University; Kirsten A. Davis, Boise State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Paper ID #13332U.S. Construction Management Students Comfort Level With and Knowl-edge of Mobile TechnologiesDr. R. Casey Cline, Boise State University Casey Cline is an associate professor in the Construction Management Department within the College of Engineering at Boise State University. Dr. Cline earned a BS in Business Administration from Ok- lahoma State University, an MS in Construction Science from the University of Oklahoma, and a Ph.D. in Education (Adult Development Organizational Learning) from The University of Idaho. His educa- tion and research interests are focused on Service-Learning and Community Engagement

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies: BYOE Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Yeau-Jian Liao, Wayne State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Systems). There is no formal laboratory associated with these3-credit hour courses due to considerable amount of lecture materials to be delivered in theclassroom. Two of the courses have utilized this ad hoc learning tool which provides students withpractical, hands-on experiences and encouraging students to ‘learn by doing.’ The descriptions ofthe courses are listed in this section. In ETT4310, the electrochemistry topic is anintroduction-level subject which normally needs two classes time (six hours). To utilize thedeveloped ad hoc learning tool, the lecture hours of the electrochemistry is reduced to four hourswith less detail covered. Such that students have two hours using the tool for laboratory exercise.Similarly, the lecture topic of

Collection

2008 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Shirley Pomeranz

obtainq − q1 ≈ A h1p + higher-order terms and q − q2 ≈ A h2p + higher-order terms,where A denotes the constant of proportionality. Taking a linear combination of these twoexpressions so as to eliminate the dominant error term and solving for q yields h2 q1 − h1p q 2 pq≈ h2p − h1p + higher-order terms,where all the quantities on the right-hand side are known. The expression on the right-hand sideis the Richardson approximation, denoted q ~ ~ h2p q1 − h1p q2q≈q≡ h2p −h1p . Proceedings of the 2008 Midwest Section Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 8: Ways to Measure "Things" About Your Course(s)

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tony Andrew Lowe, Purdue University, West Lafayette; David A. Evenhouse, Purdue University; Dhinesh Balaji Radhakrishnan, Purdue University; Stephen R. Hoffmann, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

intelligentchanges to systems. They model options and use production data whenever possible to informchanges to product and process design. Engineering education research methods afford us toolsto generate this same type of valuable data for those whose job it is to engineer the best possibleeducational experience. The content analysis methodology, as applied to artifact review, providesa way to reduce bias in decision making and measure the impact of change over time, rather thanmistaking a reactionary change for inherent improvement. This analysis method also holds the potential to elicit fresh, outsider viewpoints on thecourse content and materials. In our study, we did not receive any specific promptings orinstructions after being granted access to

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aliye Karabulut Ilgu, Iowa State University; Elizabeth Miller; Suhan Yao, Iowa State University; David A Wehr, Iowa State University; An Chen, Iowa State University; Yelda Turkan, Oregon State University; Amir H. Behzadan, Texas A&M University; Charles T. Jahren P.E., Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

works as an instructional designer (graduate assistant) on campus. Her research interests include online learning, curriculum design, and instructional technology.David A Wehr, Iowa State UniversityDr. An Chen, Iowa State UniversityDr. Yelda Turkan, Oregon State University Dr. Yelda Turkan is an assistant professor of Construction Engineering and Management in the School of Civil and Construction Engineering at Oregon State University. She holds a doctoral degree in civil engineering with emphasis in construction engineering and management from the University of Waterloo in Canada. Prior to joining academia, she worked in the construction industry for two years as a highway design project engineer. Dr. Turkan teaches

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks Session I - Skills Development

Collection

2017 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Michael S. Shapiro, IEEE.org

Tagged Topics

Main Forum (Podium Presentation)

Library on the institution’s own platform is presentedaccurately and strategically. As Xplore is a multidisciplinary resource, it is best not tocharacterize it wholly in the context of “engineering,” or even less accurately -and sometimescommon with larger academic institutions within narrowly defined departments- as pertainingmerely to “Electrical Engineering.” Such placement, while expeditious, can dismiss and excludeXplore’s intrinsic value -both its “short tale” and “long tale” scope- from a huge swath ofresearchers and specialists in fields of study throughout the entire spectrum of science andtechnology with interests which either encapsulate or closely “brush against” those ofengineering and electronics: computer and information science

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M. Santiago Jr., Colorado Technical University; Jing Guo, Colorado Technical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Professor Santiago recently published a book entitled, ”Circuit Analysis for Dummies” in 2013 after being discovered on YouTube. Professor Santiago received several teaching awards from the United States Air Force Academy and CTU. In 2015, he was awarded CTU’s Faculty of the Year for Teaching Innovations. Professor Santiago has been a 12-time invited speaker in celebration of Asian-Pacific Amer- ican Heritage Month giving multi-media presentations on leadership, diversity and opportunity at various military installations in Colorado and Wyoming.Dr. Jing Guo, Colorado Technical University Dr. Jing Guo is a Professor in Engineering Department at Colorado Technical University. She is the course director in circuits and

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Learning and Engagement

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Semmens, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

of significant differences acrossconditions make it difficult to draw generalizable conclusions from this work-in-progress. Still,there are hints of how to improve the materials and design to further illuminate the conditionsunder which novice engineering students choose to draw visualizations.PRECEDENCE DIAGRAMS AND LEARNING 12 Future work will include revising these materials to ensure that all participants do see thevalue of a visualization and developing an intervention to allow participants to learn and use anovel visualization. One possibility is that the tasks are too difficult for this population, forwhich there is some evidence in the present data. Simplifying

Conference Session

Assessment in Construction Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Caroline Hurtado, Arizona State University; Dean Takeo Kashiwagi; Kenneth Timothy Sullivan, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

communicating the information to be learned in the most effectiveway, thus reducing any ambiguities6. In some cases, for example with more complex learningsuch as cognitive strategies, rich media and videos may further complicate the material to belearned. On the other hand, learning objectives related to motor skills, visual representations,and any type of repetitive task can greatly benefit from the use of rich media and videos byallowing the skill to be recorded and viewed again by the learners. In the constructionmanagement curriculum, this could take on the form of topics that involve math, physics, and useof software.The instructors taught other courses at the university, which seemed unfit for this particular useof rich media, leading the

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Patrick E. Connolly

anindustrial/technical setting, college and university engineering and technology programs must beknowledgeable regarding the trends affecting industry and incorporate into their academiccurricula the necessary and relevant material to meet those goals. The engineering designgraphics field is especially subject to rapid technological change, due to fundamental changes inhow industry views the design process, and the pace at which computer hardware and softwareimprovements are introduced and incorporated into standard procedures.This paper reviews current trends in the computer aided design high-end software industry, withdiscussion regarding the direction and focus that CAD industry leaders are taking with theirproducts, and the applications industry