Conference Session

FPD 1: Projects and Teamwork in First-Year Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malinda S Zarske, University of Colorado, Boulder; Janet L Yowell, University of Colorado Boulder; Samantha Maierhofer, University of Colorado, Boulder; Derek T Reamon, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Paper ID #7069Teamwork in First-Year Engineering Projects Courses: Does Training Stu-dents in Team Dynamics Improve Course Outcomes and Student Experi-ences?Dr. Malinda S Zarske, University of Colorado, Boulder Malinda S. Zarske is the director of K-12 Engineering Education at the University of Colorado Boulder’s College of Engineering and Applied Science. A former high school and middle school science and math teacher, she has advanced degrees in teaching secondary science from the Johns Hopkins University and in civil engineering from CU-Boulder. She is also a First-Year Engineering Projects Instructor, Faculty Advisor

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 3; The Best of All the FPD Papers

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie M. Gratiano, Roger Williams University; William John Palm IV P.E., Roger Williams University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Paper ID #17216Can a Five-Minute, Three-Question Survey Foretell First-Year EngineeringStudent Performance and Retention?Stephanie M. Gratiano, Roger Williams University Stephanie Gratiano is a Junior Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering student at Roger Williams Uni- versity. She is an officer of both the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB) Chapters at the university. Her future career interests include Product Design or Mechanical Design, and she wishes to further her education in Industrial Design after graduating.Dr. William John Palm IV P.E., Roger Williams University

Conference Session

Programming, Simulation, and Dynamic Modeling

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanon Marie Reckinger, Fairfield University; Scott James Reckinger, Brown University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

24.170.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 An Interactive Programming Course Model for Mechanical Engineering StudentsAbstractProgramming is a crucial skill for today’s engineering student. The majority of mechanicalengineering programs in the US include an “introduction to programming” course taken duringthe first or second year. The primary goal of the course is to providing students with the basicprogramming techniques that are required to excel in specific mechanical engineering fields ofstudy. Additionally, the course aims to develop a variety of skills that transcend all scientificdisciplines, including problem solving, logical reasoning

Conference Session

Design in Multidisciplinary Learning Environment

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hoo Kim P.E., LeTourneau University; Paul R. Leiffer P.E., LeTourneau University; Laura Kathryn Neal, LeTourneau University; Kathleen Mays, LeTourneau University; Joon Wan Kim, LeTourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

deciding on an overall approach, usually involvingbrainstorming techniques. At this stage, a storyboard can be a valuable tool.The storyboard approach, sometimes called story sketches in the early days, grew out of theanimation unit at Walt Disney studios [8]. Artists and “storymen” found that they couldcommunicate an entire potential sequence with a series of sketches on a single page or posterboard. Storyboards are now used in software development, product development, and marketing.“Storyboarding provides a standard method of pre-visualization that is widely used in films,animations, and advertisements and in the interactive media field with games and websites. Indesign education, sketching is the most typical method used to present ideas

Conference Session

Before the Capstone: Project-based Experiences Early in the Curriculum

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicholas Andres Brake, Lamar University; Thinesh Selvaratnam

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Paper ID #31353Peer Mentorship and a 3D Printed Design-Build-Test Project: Enhancingthe First Year Civil Engineering ExperienceDr. Nicholas Andres Brake, Lamar University Nicholas Brake is an Associate Professor in the Civil and Environmental Department at Lamar University. His research interests include engineering education, concrete pavements, fatigue and fracture of concrete material systems, the use of reclaimed materials in concrete systems, and wireless power transmission in concrete infrastructure. Dr. Brake received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University.Prof. Thinesh Selvaratnam c

Conference Session

Innovative Energy Projects

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

University, in Southfield, Mich., and master’s of science and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering focusing on electrochemical engineering, both from the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor. He teaches a number of alternative energy courses and is leading LTU’s ef- forts to establish a full energy engineering program that addresses both alternative and renewable energy systems, as well as energy conservation and optimization of traditional energy systems. He also is the Director of the Alternative Energy program at Lawrence Tech. Page 25.408.1 c American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Azadeh Bolhari P.E., University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

boundaries of engineering and social science to understand evolution of resilience capacity at family and community level to sustainable practices utilizing quantitative and qualitative re- search methods. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 BYOE: Laboratory Exercise using Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) for Environmental Engineering CurriculumAbstractThis bring-your-own experiment (BYOE) paper details a hands-on laboratory exercise tointroduce Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) to environmental engineeringstudents. A broad goal of adopting Artificial Intelligence in engineering curriculum is realizingits full potential in infusing a mindset to shift

Conference Session

Digital Circuits, Architecture, Embedded Systems

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yanxiao . Zhao, Virginia Commonwealth University; Shaobo Huang, University of Saskatchewan; Carl Elks, Virginia Commonwealth University; Umit Ozgur, Virginia Commonwealth University; Vitaliy Avrutin, Virginia Commonwealth University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

prestigious journals and international conferences. She was the recipient of the Best Paper Award for three international conferences WASA2009, ChinaCom2016 and ICMIC2019. She has been actively organizing international conferences by serving as TPC chairs, publicity chairs and TPC members. She is an IEEE Senior Member.Dr. Shaobo Huang, University of Saskatchewan Dr. Shaobo Huang received a Ph.D. degree in Engineering Education from Utah State University. She has over eight years of teaching and/or research experience in engineering education. She is currently an Assistant Professor in the Ron and Jane Graham School of Professional Development with a joint appointment in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the

Conference Session

Statics Fanatics 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hadas Ritz, Cornell University; Sanjit Basker; JINGJIE YEO, Cornell University

. Jingjie Yeo is the Principal Investigator at the J² Lab for Engineering Living Materials. The Lab performs Computations in Materials and the Sciences to engineer dynamically-responsive, living materials through interdisciplinary studies of material and biological phenomena with multiscale computational methods for engineering and medical applications. He is a co-instructor in Station1, a social nonprofit organization dedicated to building the foundations of the university of the future through educational opportunity and socially-directed frontier STEM education, research, and internships. Before joining Cornell University in 2020, Prof. Yeo was a research scientist in the Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: DEI, Flipped Classrooms

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudeshna Pal, University of Central Florida; Anchalee Ngampornchai; Patsy Moskal, University of Central Florida

Paper ID #37034EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ONLINE LECTUREVIEWING BEHAVIOR ON STUDENT PERFORMANCEIN A FLIPPED CLASSROOM BLENDED COURSESudeshna Pal Dr. Sudeshna Pal is an Associate Lecturer in the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department at the University of Central Florida (UCF), where she teaches courses in the areas of system dynamics, controls, and biomedical engineering. Her current research focus is engineering education, including blended learning, project-based learning, and digital and design education. She co-directs the “Biodesign Program in Rehabilitation Engineering” program for undergraduate

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Dorribo Camba; Kristin Bartlett, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis

Paper ID #36447Isometric Projection as a Threat to Validity in the PSVT:RKristin Bartlett PhD student in Technology at Purdue UniversityJorge Dorribo Camba (Associate Professor) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Isometric Projection as a Threat to Validity in the PSVT:RAbstractThis work describes a study of graphics interpretation in a common test of spatial ability, thePurdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations (PSVT:R). Tests of spatial abilities have long beenconsidered to assess a cognitive ability of manipulating shapes in the

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Rodriguez, Western Michigan University; Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Paper ID #37410Comparison of Spatial Visualization Skills Scores for Entry-Level CohortsJorge Rodriguez (Professor) Faculty member Western Michigan UniversityDiana Bairaktarova (Assistant Professor) (Virginia Polytechnic Institute andState University) Associate Proffessor in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Comparison of Spatial Visualization Skills Scores for Entry-Level CohortsAbstract A trend at academic institution in the USA is the use of visualization skills as

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacalynn Sharp, JHU APL; Julianne Burroughs; Jorge Luis Rivera; Aishwarya Jayabharathi; Katherine-Ann Carr; William Roberts Gray-Roncal; Danielle Patrice Hilliard, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel; Alberto J. De Jesus Santiago

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP)

-making, networking, and various skills to more effectively share their ideas and marketthemselves as future new hires through mini-challenges and team-building activities.At the end of the event, interns developed posters to express their findings. They presented duringa gallery walk the following week, where submitted efforts were judged by staff, including hiringmanagers interested in recruiting top talent. We decided that students would produce posters fortheir concept, rather than a software or hardware based prototype, to provide a more inclusivehackathon by allowing students to collaborate across educational disciplines and backgrounds. Asample event schedule can be found in Appendix B.ResultsThe inaugural Net-Hack event saw participation

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED) Technical Session 8: Lab Module Development

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maddalena Fanelli, Michigan State University; Ryan Daniel Atkinson, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

and continuing his research. Along with this, he is part of a NASA Undergraduate Student Research Project working on developing a fully autonomous delivery drone. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023Process Control Experiment Using an Arduino Board and LED LightsAbstractThe current study focuses on the design, assembly and operation of a simple control systemusing an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller board. The system involves controlling the light levelin a small box. An LED and a photoresistor are placed on opposite sides of the box. A secondlight, placed underneath the first light, is independent of the control system and serves as adisturbance. The control system is run using MATLAB Simulink. The

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Rajpal S Sodhi, NJIT

Educator Award of SAE and SME Lead Award. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Teaching of Professional Ethics in Engineering DesignAbstractEngineering has a direct impact on humanity and knowing the ethical aspects ofengineering practice becomes essential. The study of ethics makes engineers more empathicand human, and also more aware of their responsibility as engineers. Despite progress in theindustrial ethics program, there still remains a lot to be done in teaching ethics to students.This paper presents the integration of ethical, social and economic considerations indeveloping design solutions to meet human needs. The materials on ethics are integrated

Conference Session

The Curriculum at Two-year College's Engineering Technology and Engineering Transfer Programs

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Gary J. Mullett, Springfield Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

sequence of courses in electromagnetics. He has presented at numerous local, regional, and national conferences and also internationally on telecommunications and wireless topics and on the status of the education of electronics technicians at the two-year college level. His current interests are: the development of novel and innovative systems-level approaches to the education of technicians, applications of the emerging field of wired and wireless networked embedded controllers and sensor/actuator networks, and cyber-physical system applications in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021

Conference Session

Building Success in the Online Classroom

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hayden K. Richards, US Air Force Academy; Phillip Cornwell, United States Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

structural dynamics, structural health monitoring, and undergraduate engineering education. Dr. Cornwell has received an SAE Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award in 1992, and the Dean’s Outstanding Teacher award at Rose-Hulman in 2000 and the Rose-Hulman Board of Trustee’s Outstanding Scholar Award in 2001. He was one of the developers of the Rose-Hulman Sophomore Engineering Curriculum, the Dynamics Concept Inventory, and he is a co-author of Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, by Beer, Johnston, Cornwell, and Self. In 2019 Dr. Cornwell received the Archie Higdon Distinguished Educator Award from the Mechanics Division of ASEE. American c Society for

Conference Session

ECCD - Technical Session 1 - Energy & Electrical Engineering

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Glenn T. Wrate P.E., Northern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

run the software used to perform the tests and collect the data. Itis hoped that this paper provides insight into testing large station battery banks and suggestionsfor others that are interested in teaching these tests.Keywords: Substation Batteries, Battery Testing, Battery Testing Education, Battery Impedance,Specific GravityIntroductionThe students are first introduced to station batteries in their ET 180 Substation Equipmentcourse. As part of this course, the students tour four substations and a utility control center. Ateach substation they are shown the battery bank and the maintenance, safety precautions, andprotection of the battery bank is discussed. An example battery bank from a substation tour isshown in Figure 1.To insure proper

Conference Session

Recruiting, Retention and Diversity in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene Ferrara, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona; Andrew Vavreck, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Park, Altoona, PA 16601. Telephone: 814-949-5529, FAX: 814-949-5838, email: vavreck@psu.edu Page 12.241.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Analysis of the Retention of Students and Possible Recruitment into Technology in a Common First Year Course for Engineering and Engineering Technology StudentsAbstractEstimates from the University Park campus of the Pennsylvania State University indicate that thepercentage of freshmen accepted into the College of Engineering at that campus who complete adegree program in Engineering is

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Measurements: Innovative Course Development

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Beams, University of Texas-Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2007-598: PROJECT GUISE: CURRICULAR INTRODUCTION ANDRESOURCES FOR TEACHING INSTRUMENTATIONDavid Beams, University of Texas-Tyler Page 12.1201.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Project GUISE: Curricular Introduction and Resources for Teaching InstrumentationAbstractProject GUISE (General-purpose, Universal Instrumentation System for Education) is acomputer-based laboratory instrument combining LabVIEW virtual-instrumentationsoftware and custom external hardware developed with support of the National ScienceFoundation under grant DUE 9952292. Descriptions of its development have beenpreviously published. However, an opportunity to

Conference Session

Contemporary Instrumentation Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Robertson, Arizona State University; Barbara Rampel, Arizona State University; James Edwards, Raytheon

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

, Tucson. He has been a long-time participant in the JACMET Instrumentation team and is now chairman. Page 13.672.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 How many Engineers does it take to make a measurement?AbstractThe emergence of nano-technology has driven the evolution of instrumentation tools andhas revolutionized the measurement industry. The new technology also impactsengineering education with challenges to prepare the next generation of graduates to becompetent and effective in this rapidly evolving field. This paper examines three currentindustry applications and explores their implications for curriculum

Conference Session

IT-based Instructional Technologies

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arunachala Nadar Mada Kannan, Arizona State University; Barbara Rempel, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University; Bert Valenzuela, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

validations, etc.Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State UniversityBert Valenzuela, Arizona State University Page 13.936.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 NOVEL TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRONICS INSTRUCTION – AN ELECTRONICS STUDIOAbstractArizona State University’s Polytechnic campus recently received funding from theNational Science Foundation (NSF) under the Advanced Technology Education Program,or ATE grant, targeted for curriculum development. The program described in this paperis the development of an “eStudio”, to facilitate effective course delivery andcooperative learning in both the BS and AAS programs.The

Conference Session

Space Systems Design

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Albert Soto, Texas A&M University; Daniel Brown, Cornell University; Mason Peck, Cornell University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

AC 2009-1844: A TEST BED FOR STUDENT RESEARCH AND DESIGN OFCONTROL-MOMENT GYROSCOPES FOR ROBOTIC APPLICATIONSAlbert Soto, Texas A&M UniversityDaniel Brown, Cornell UniversityMason Peck, Cornell University Page 14.131.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Testbed for Student Research and Design of Control-Moment Gyroscopes for Robotic Applications The attitude dynamics of a spacecraft with an attached robot arm is a subtle problem in dynamics and control. In this work, we discuss a robotic testbed designed to engage students in addressing this example of a complex class of rigid body dynamics. A

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Gary E. Wnek; C. T. Moynihan; Mark A. Palmer; John B. Hudson

Departmentwithin the School of Science, and the Materials Science and Engineering Department withinthe School of Engineering, working together as a team. We have taught this course using thelectrue-recitation format. The large lectures help ensure that all students enrolled in thecourse during a given semester are exposed to consistent material; the Internet can serve asimilar purpose.Use of Computer and the Internet Computers have been used extensively in other freshman year courses at Rensselaer.MAPLE has been successfully integrated into the calculus course 2 . Physics courses includeMAPLE and other software to demonstrate abstract concepts 3 . Recently a new laboratory forthe two freshman chemistry course was developed that uses LABVIEW for data

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

D. Blake Stringer, Kent State University; Dakota William Bunner; Robert William Winkler

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

mas- ters degree in aerospace engineering from Georgia Tech, and a doctorate in mechanical and aerospace engineering from the University of Virginia. Prior to his retirement, he led the Army Research Labo- ratory’s vehicle propulsion division, conducting basic and applied research of engine and drive system technologies. His research interests are varied and include unmanned aerial systems, the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines, rotating mechanical components, rotordynamics, and engineering education pedagogy. As an aviator, he has been rated in both rotary and fixed-wing platforms. He also holds a FAA commercial airman’s certificate.Mr. Dakota William BunnerRobert William Winkler

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas R. Consi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Jocelyn Frances Lorrey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Michelle Kornberg, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

Paper ID #21232Beyond the Sea PerchDr. Thomas R. Consi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dr. Consi is the education director at the MIT Sea Grant program. His research interests include un- derwater robotics, biomimetic robotics and marine animal biomechanics. Dr. Consi is passionate about engineering education and has developed and taught several hands-on lab-oriented courses primarily in mechatronics and marine robotics.Miss Jocelyn Frances Lorrey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mechanical engineering undergraduate at MIT, class of 2018.Ms. Michelle Kornberg, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Michelle

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Best Papers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandip Das, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

to increase in the comingdecades. Therefore, it is important to create skilled engineers to support this growing industry byproviding advanced PV education at the undergraduate level.Simulation softwares are excellent teaching tools which have the potential to aid in studentlearning, specifically to communicate advanced complex ideas visually. In addition, simulationskills are highly marketable in the industry and could potentially improve the job prospect ofstudents. Incorporating comprehensive simulation exercises into a solar power or renewableenergy course is the key step toward developing an advanced education program in this field.MATLAB-Simulink provides a strong simulation platform for electronic circuits and powersystems, and has

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies - Labs in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yasser M. Al Hamidi, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Shameel Abdulla, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Ibrahim Hassan P.E., Texas A&M Univeristy at Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Univeristy at Qatar Dr. Ibrahim Hassan has over twenty years of research experience in the field of Energy and Thermal Fluid Sciences. His research interests include Heat Transfer, Multiphase Flow, Flow Assurance, and Turbomachinery. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Creating a Functional Model of a Jet Engine to serve as a Testbed for Mechanical Engineering Student’s Capstone Design Work Yasser Al-Hamidi, Shameel Abdulla and Ibrahim Hassan Texas A&M University at QatarAbstractA gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that converts natural gas or other liquid fuels tomechanical energy, to drive generators or to provide the

Conference Session

ECE Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuting W. Chen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

z Systems Firmware Development. Her current interests include recruitment and retention of women and under-represented students in STEM, integrative training for graduate teaching assistants, and curriculum innovation for introductory programming courses. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Work in Progress: A Balancing Act - Evolution of Assessments in An Introductory Programming Course in ECE After Curriculum RedesignAbstractAs enrollment grows in Electrical and Computer Engineering, it becomes an increasinglychallenging task to implement appropriate assessments in large introductory courses to accuratelyevaluate student learning, while adhering to given resource constraints. This

Conference Session

Solar and Wind Energy-System Initiatives

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandip Das, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

photovoltaic solar cells for sustainable and renewable energy generation, semiconductor thin-films and nanocrystals for photonic and optoelectronic devices, applied electronics for measurement and instrumentation, and development of technology enhanced teaching tools and pedagogical framework for improved engineering education in the core electrical engineering areas. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Development of a Low-cost, Portable, and Programmable Solar Module to Facilitate Hands-on Experiments and Improve Student LearningAbstractSolar energy has become one of the major renewable energy sources to meet a significant portionof the global