Conference Session

Been There, Done That: Advice for New Faculty

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

instructor. Tolocate required components sometimes takes students’ lab time and is usually not consideredwhen deadline of lab submission arrives. To reduce safety concerns, develop componentorganization, prevent time wasting to locate the parts and include time to locate components,faculty and students developed a novel plan to use workbenches, lab components and testingdevices/equipment more efficiently. In addition to fundamental laboratory safety measures andcomponent management, unique lab management demonstrations are explained by reorganizingthe lab to meet the criteria of the proposed arrangements. Students and faculty in the programcan thus save time and reduce safety concerns by novel administration and organization in thelab environment

Collection

2015 ASEE Zone 3 Conference

Authors

Kendra J. Ahmed; Mahbub K. Ahmed; Scott McKay

(Gulf Southwest – Midwest – North Midwest Sections)Resources1. Beede, David, Tiffany Julian, David Langdon, George McKittrick, Beethika Khan, Mark Doms, Women in STEM: A Gender Gap to Innovation, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration.2. Schleicher, Andreas, Michael Davidson, Country Note: United States, OECD: Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Results from PISA, 2012.3. Women in Stem, Office of Science and Technology Policy, The White House, https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ostp/women.Kendra AhmedKendra Ahmed is an adjunct professor of computer science at Southern Arkansas Universitywhere she teaches video game development and programming. She

Conference Session

Getting Into Graduate School

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

Paper ID #19005Choosing Between Graduate Program Offers: A Practical GuideDr. Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University Katy Luchini-Colbry is the Director for Graduate Initiatives at the College of Engineering at Michigan State University, where she completed degrees in political theory and computer science. A recipient of a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, she earned Ph.D. and M.S.E. in computer science and engi- neering from the University of Michigan. She has published more than two dozen peer-reviewed works related to her interests in educational technology and enhancing undergraduate education through hands

Conference Session

Project and Model-Based Mathematics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Schmeelk, Virginia Commonwealth University; Jean Hodges, Virginia Commonwealth University Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

create some interesting fractals. Worksheetsalso help students examine carefully the recursive formulas used in the fractal development. TheMandelbrot set allows students to compute with real and complex numbers. Again, the studentscan introduce artistic creativity by employing hot and cool colors for the escaping, periodic, andattracting sequences within the Mandelbrot fractal.The course concludes with a very brief introduction of graph theory. Several topics aredeveloped from graph theory, such as Euler and Hamilton graphs. The map shown in Figure 25helps students visualize the famous Konigsberg five-bridge problem. We also cover the famousKruskal’s algorithm, which can select the best route on a graph to maximize profit. Thealgorithm is

Conference Session

Remote Physical Laboratories: Experimentation and Laboratory-oriented Studies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bridget M. Smyser, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

[2]. Computer simulation experiments, called virtual experiments by otherauthors [3], allow students to vary inputs and record outputs, but are only capable of a limitedamount of student control. Remote laboratories, where students are controlling actualinstruments via a web-based interface, can provide access to equipment that would otherwise behard to use with large classes. Equipment that can be operated in this fashion is somewhatlimited, and the development of the interface coupled with the need for on the ground techniciansupport can make this challenging to implement. What Jeschafnig refers to as ‘KitchenChemistry’ occurs when students are given instructions on how to experiment using commonhousehold objects or chemicals. These

Conference Session

Mobile Robotics in Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

William Dillard

. DillardWilliam Dillard is a Ph.D. candidate in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at AuburnUniversity. He holds M.S. and B.S.E.E degrees from Auburn University. His current educational interests areteaching strategies that promote professionalism and career development in students. Technical interests are inthe area of power electronic systems and devices. Page 9.1071.8 Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual conference & Exposition CopyrightÀ 2004, American Society for engineering Education

Conference Session

Qualitative Research Programs & International Research Experience from Around the World

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yating Chang, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Joe J.J. Lin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Juila D. Thompson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yi Shen, Purdue University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Eckhard A. Groll, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Edwin Daniel Hirleman, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

responsibilities include engagement of both students and faculty members at Purdue University to embrace global engineering mindsets and practice. During the first 2 years at Purdue University, she drove a 2X increase in the number of engineering major participating in both short-term and long-term overseas study. At her current position as the assistant director of the Purdue Office of Professional Program, Chang expands her expertise area to concentrate on developing global professional and research internships for students in the Engineering, Technology and Business disciplines. In 2010, she became the Program Director of International Research and Education in Engineering (IREE), a NSF funded program that sent 58 U.S

Conference Session

Materials Lab Experiments and Demonstrations

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hui Shen, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

experience.” – “Keep everything the way it is.” – “Our group learned a lot from doing the research and hands on part of the lab.” – “I really enjoyed it and feel it is a great learning tool.” – “Very helpful.” – “It is very helpful to develop skills of being able to design and perform a lab essentially on your own.” – Etc.Two students said “No” to this question. One student did not comment and another student Page 15.87.12commented: – “It was too time consuming.” 5) If your answer for question 4 is “Yes”, what suggestions do you have to improve thisexperiment for the next year? – “Give more details about what you

Conference Session

Motivation and Engagement in Engineering Students

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Autumn Cuellar, Utah State University; Marissa A Tsugawa, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Angela Minichiello P.E., Utah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Student Division (STDT)

Paper ID #48812WIP - UDL in STEM Higher Education: A Synthesis Literature ReviewAutumn Cuellar, Utah State University Autumn Cuellar is a Ph.D. student in Engineering Education. Her undergraduate and master’s careers were both in Computer Science. She believes that everyone can achieve their goals, regardless of physical ability. This is why Autumn strives to make engineering accessible for everyone.Dr. Marissa A Tsugawa, Utah State University - Engineering Education Marissa Tsugawa is an assistant professor at Utah State University who leverages mixed-methods research to explore neurodiversity and identity and motivation

Conference Session

Assessment in Multidisciplinary Learning Environment

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sara A. Atwood, Elizabethtown College; Brenda Read-Daily, Elizabethtown College; Jean Carlos Batista Abreu, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Mechanical and Civil Engineering, and worked as a Structural Engineer. Dr. Batista’s research focuses on understanding the response of metal structures under extreme conditions, such as elevated temperatures during a fire, or lateral loads due to wind. He uses experimental work and computational models to evaluate structures and subsequently develop analysis-based design recommendations and methods. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 The Engineering Epic Finale – An authentic alternative assessment method for final examsAbstractInspired by an article in The Chronicle of Higher Education in 2015 titled “Final Exams or

Conference Session

K-12 Robotics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Ayar, TUBITAK; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Fatih Ugurdag, Ozyegin University; Alpaslan Sahin, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

designer. Later (2005-2010) he was a faculty member at Bahc¸es¸ehir University in the EEE Dept. and then in Computer Engineering. He is also a consultant at Vestek Pixellence R&D group of Vestel in ITU Technopark (since May 2007). Dr. U˘gurda˘g occasionally serves as an adjunct faculty member at Bosporus University and has ongoing funded research projects jointly conducted with Bosporus. His research interests span the areas of ASIC/SOC/FPGA design/automation, embedded systems, machine vision, educational software/web tools, and intelligent transportation systems.Dr. Alpaslan Sahin, Texas A&M University

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment in ME

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark F. Schar, Stanford University; Sarah L. Billington, Stanford University; Sheri D. Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

is closely related to business skill self-efficacy, having a“divergent” learning style, and a “systemizing” approach to problem solving. This suggests thateSBL curriculum could be an important tool in preparing engineering students for a career inentrepreneurship or other business-related activity within core engineering course content. Inaddition, faculty impressions on instruction using this curricular tool are shared.1. Introduction: Engineering + XThe career pathway for engineering students overwhelmingly leads to industry. A recent studyby the National Science Foundation of newly graduated engineering bachelor and master’sdegree recipients shows that 75 percent of graduates are employed by “private industry orbusiness.”1 It is apparent

Conference Session

Supporting Teacher Practices for Inclusive and Culturally Relevant Engineering Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue Ph.D., Towson University; Jamie Mikeska

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

Paper ID #46181Middle School Preservice Teachers’ Discussion Prompts to Help a StudentAvatar Overcome Idea Fixation during Brainstorming (Fundamental)Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue Ph.D., Towson University Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue, Ph.D., is Professor of Science and Engineering Education in the Department of Physics, Astronomy & Geosciences at Towson University. She has integrated engineering into courses for PreK-8 teacher candidates, developed and directed a graduate STEM program for PreK-6 teachers, and partnered with teachers to implement PreK-8 science-integrated engineering learning experiences. She has authored

Conference Session

Research Methodologies – Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Sajadi, Virginia Tech; Nadia N. Kellam, Arizona State University; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

for Engineering Education, 2023Exploring composite narratives as a methodology to understand and shareresearch findings in engineering educationAbstractThis methods paper explores the development and utility of composite narratives in engineeringeducation research. Composite narratives combine aspects of multiple interviews into a singlenarrative. Researchers in engineering education are increasingly beginning to use compositenarratives to enable more nuanced understandings of the phenomenon we are studying whilemitigating potential issues around participant confidentiality. Because composite narratives are arelatively new methodology in engineering education and higher education more broadly, moreexamples of how to construct and utilize

Conference Session

Classroom Skills

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

M. A. Karim P.E., Kennesaw State University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

methods[6]. Thefindings suggest that active learning can help to increase retention for students with average orbelow average scores[6]. A study by Shaharanee et al.[7] used the Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) to measure the effectiveness of the learning activities 100 valid responses from the studentsindicated that most of the students were satisfied with the Google Classroom’s tool that wereintroduced in the class. Results of data analyzed showed that all ratios are above averages, inparticular, comparative performance was good in the areas of ease of access, perceived usefulness,communication and interaction, instruction delivery and students’ satisfaction towards the GoogleClassroom’s active learning activities[7]. TAM was developed by Davis

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kuntinee Maneeratana, Chulalongkorn University; Angkee Sripakagorn, Chulalongkorn University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2010-1187: KEY SUBJECT INDICATORS AND ADMISSION IMPACT FROMSUBJECT GRADES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-BASED BACHELORPROGRAMS AT CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITYKuntinee Maneeratana, Chulalongkorn University Kuntinee Maneeratana is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. She earned a Ph.D. and a B.Eng. in Mechanical Engineering, both from Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, UK as well as a B.Ed. in Educational Measurement and Evaluation from Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand. Her area of expertise is computational mechanics.Angkee Sripakagorn, Chulalongkorn University Angkee Sripakagorn is an Assistant Professor in

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Cartwright

preliminary design project is the next four-week assignment. The groups are given aconceptual design and allowed to develop it. As in the previous example, the conceptchosen to cross a valley was to build a bridge, the preliminary design would determine thetype of bridge and roughly size the members. Additional techniques in synthesis andevaluation are taught.The final four-week project assignment is a total design project including detailed designs.Using the previous example, the detailed design would specify exact member length andevery drilled hole and clip angle. The project is the design/build type and is usuallyhumorous in nature.Five previous final projects are presented. All presentations include descriptions ofproblem delivery, problem

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session: Cultural Perspectives

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University; Jennifer Creamer, Robert Morris University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

Learning Objectives based Education Material Design and Development. Dr. Acharya is a co-author of ”Discrete Mathematics Applications for Information Systems Professionals” and ”Case Studies in Software Verification & Validation”. He is a member of Nepal Engineering Association (NEA) and is also a member of American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) and Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Dr. Acharya was the Principal Investigator of the 2007 HP grant for Higher Education at RMU through which he incorporated tablet PC based learning exercises in his classes. He was also the Principal Investigator of the 2013 National Science Foundation (NSF) grant for developing course modules through an industry

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS) Technical Session _Monday June 26, 11:00 - 12:30

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice Fox, Stanford; Benjamin C. Beiter, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)

whichElden Ring can be situated. Named after the Dark Souls, one of the defining features of thisgame type is that you fail. A lot. More specifically, the challenges in these games are struc-tured such that you are very likely to experience your player character dying many times, buteach time you learn and improve, develop skills and knowledge that helps you progress andeventually complete the game. In fact, failure is even required in certain parts of the game.When the player begins the game they are in an area that is much beyond their skill level,they encounter a boss and inevitably die on their first attempt. Through this loss, the playerprogresses to the tutorial/introduction section of the game. The failure here teaches the player *This

Conference Session

Pedagogical Approaches in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Torres, Texas State University, San Marcos; Vedaraman Sriraman, Texas State University, San Marcos; Evan Humphries, Texas State University - San Marcos ; Eric Adams, Texas State University, San Marcos

Tagged Divisions

Construction

teachers.Introduction to PMSThe use of PMS, in the construction industry, as a tool for managing and organizing work hasgrown and continues to grow at a rapid pace in many other industries7,11. A recent study hasshown that since 2000, over 95% of construction companies use PMS for control and planning oftheir daily activities11. Multiple studies show that if present companies want to compete intoday’s market, they must become adaptive and use information technology systems such asPMS7-10. There are a few PMS available for use in the construction industry and of these thereexist two favored PMS packages; Primavera and Microsoft Project7-11. Primavera systems(http://www.oracle.com) became available in 1983 and is today’s leading provider to theconstruction

Conference Session

International Case Studies, Collaborations and Interactions

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shi (Stan) Lan, DeVry University-Chicago; Yaqing Mao, Beijing Normal University, China

Tagged Divisions

International

2006-315: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON LEARNING CHARACTERISTICSBETWEEN ELECTRONICS STUDENTS IN CHINA AND IN THE UNITED STATESShi (Stan) Lan, DeVry University-Chicago Shi Lan ("Stan"), Ph.D., is an Academic Dean responsible for Electroics, Computer Engineering Technology, Biomedical Engineering Technology, and Health Information Technology at DeVry University Chicago, IL.Yaqing Mao, Beijing Normal University, China Yaqing Mao, Ph.D., is a professor and the deputy dean of the College of Educational Administration at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. Page 11.21.1© American Society for

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session 4 - Assessments: Grading and deadlines

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Mott, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)

empowering students. Using rubrics becomes a powerful tool in thisendeavor. As Feldman states, "Traditional grading can seem opaque and arbitrary.Although teachers have conceptions of what they are expecting from student academicperformance, these ideas are often [unclear] and stay inside the teacher's mind,inadvertently concealing what it takes to succeed and disempowering students. Whenacademic expectations are hidden, grading privileges students whose families have hadmore access to those expectations, either from prior success in school or in otherinstitutions of power." [1] Strategies such as the use of rubrics and standards-based scalesempower students by clearly defining expectations and performance levels, enhancingtheir self-identification

Conference Session

Investigating Fuel Cells and Alternative Fuels in the Classroom and Lab

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2008-1564: UTILIZING UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING STUDENTRESEARCH ASSISTANTS IN FUEL CELL DURABILITY AND RELIABILITYTESTING; ASSESSING THEIR FEASIBILITY, BENEFITS, VALUE ANDCONTRIBUTIONSRobert Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University Robert W. Fletcher joined the faculty of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Lawrence Technological University in the summer of 2003, after two decades of continuous industrial research, product development and manufacturing experience. Dr. Fletcher earned his Bachelor of Science Degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington, a Master of Engineering in Manufacturing Systems from Lawrence Technological

Conference Session

Integrating H&SS in Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University; Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

serves as Chair of the Educational Innovation Collaborative at LTU and Coordinator of the Civil Engineering Assessment Program. He is actively involved in ASEE and serves as Faculty Advisor for the ASCE Student Chapter at LTU. His research interests involve academic integrity, assessment tools, urban stream restoration, and watershed processes. Page 11.768.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Innovative Learning Experience – Detroit to Pittsburgh Canoe ExpeditionAbstractEngineering students at Lawrence Technological University participated in a unique

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention Matters in Engineering Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene L. Harding, Purdue University, Statewide Technology; Michael D. Sanders, Purdue University, Statewide Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2012-4160: PROJECT LEAD THE WAY CONFERENCE FOR RECRUIT-ING: A SMALL-CAMPUS OUTREACH TO LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL STU-DENTSProf. Gene L. Harding, Purdue University, Statewide Technology Gene L. Harding is an Associate Professor of electrical and computer engineering technology at Purdue University, where he has taught for nine years. He has three years of industrial experience with Agilent Technologies and more than 26 years of combined active and reserve service in the U.S. Air Force.Mr. Michael D. Sanders, Purdue University, Statewide Technology Michael D. Sanders’s career in higher education spans nearly 30 years, 22 of which were spent working for Purdue University in various positions. Sanders also served as Assistant

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division (ENVIRON) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Laughton, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering Division (ENVIRON)

Stephanie Laughton The CitadelAbstractBackground: PUIs (Primarily Undergraduate Institutions) are recognized for programs focusedon undergraduate student success via high contact between faculty and students without thecompeting interests of graduate students and large technical research programs. While this mayalter the publicity of such programs, the curricular content standards must be maintained foraccreditation via ABET.Purpose and Methods: This descriptive study aims to document the development and spread ofABET Accredited Environmental Engineering programs in the US with a focus on PUIprograms. Such information would be of use for future students and faculty who wish tolearn/work in such a program

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melani Plett, Seattle Pacific University; Angelina Lane, Seattle Pacific University; Donald M. Peter P.E., Seattle Pacific University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

that financial difficulties and math deficiencies, in addition to a lack ofbelonging to the engineering communities, were barriers to success5. Similarly, Soria6determined that socioeconomically disadvantaged students struggled more with integration oncampus compared to their middle and upper class peers. However, Ricks et al.5 found thatlearning communities can address each of these obstacles.Almost ubiquitous among studies at both community colleges and four year institutions was thefinding that minority students of any race or gender required community to survive and thrive tothrough to graduation. Corroborating the findings of Ricks et al.5, learning communities havebeen commonly identified as a strategy to provide tools for these

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Vipin Kumar; Margaret Wheeler; Gregory Branch

Session 2525 Bringing Reality to the Classroom: Two “Hands On” Labs for Use with a Machine Design Course Gregory Branch*, Vipin Kumar, and Margaret Wheeler University of Washington, Seattle, WAAbstractThe criteria for choosing a material for a given design may involve not only mechanicalproperties, but also secondary properties such as surface finish, tolerances and geometry. Twolaboratories were developed and implemented in the traditional course on design of mechanicalelements. The choice of the content of these labs is based on the authors’ combined 35 yearindustrial

Conference Session

Hands-On Projects and Demos

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacob James Elmer, Villanova University; Daniel Adam Kraut, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

necessary. d. Either way, the circuit can be powered by the Arduino via 3.3V/5.0V and GND ports. Sensors can be connected to the analog (A0-A5) or digital ports.5. Programming an Arduino a. Start by writing your own code or downloading existing open source code from one of several websites (e.g., Arduino Playground) or online forums/threads b. Connect the Arduino to your computer, then select the board (e.g., Tools  Board  Arduino Uno) and port (e.g., Tools  Port  Com1) that you are using. c. Download the Arduino IDE, then copy and paste your code into the window. Verify the code (checkmark button), then upload (right arrow button) it to the Arduino. View the data

Conference Session

Homework, Learning, and Problem Solving in Mechanics

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kai Jun Chew, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University; Beth Rieken, Stanford University; Autumn Turpin, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

, particularly forstudents in the mechanical, civil and aerospace fields. This course introduces students tomodeling and solving real-world systems, including drawing Free Body Diagrams (FBD) andsetting up equilibrium equations. These two skills are critical for bridging introductory courses tomore advanced courses, such as Dynamics, Mechanics of Materials and others. The process ofteaching these foundational skills typically involves giving students opportunities to hone theirproblem solving skills through homework assignments and exams. In this paper, the authorsintroduce reflection as a tool to gauge understanding, confidence and performance. This too isused to intervene in homework assignments and exams in order to enhance and improvestudents’ meta