presented in Figure 4 is based on the theoretical design system described in the previous section. 2) The data tab presented in Figure 5 is where the user can insert hourly data for thermal energy, in klb of steam, and electricity, in kW. The tool will convert the inserted values into MW.Figure 4 – CHP-based DE system design included in the toolFigure 5 – Data input tab for the CHP-based DE system optimization tool 3) The assessment tab presented in Figure 6 shows the data to be chosen – cells highlighted in blue - as well as the output of the assessment. The process to assess the minimum primary energy is the following: a. The “Insert data” cell will lead to the data tab presented in Figure 5; b. To choose the CHP
Paper ID #19286Ohio Lean Building and Workforce Development Project Provides Studentswith Real-World ExperienceDr. Robert Gilbert, Sinclair Community College Robert B. Gilbert, Ph.D., LEED AP, BAP, is a Professor of Energy Management Technology, and the Director of the Center for Energy Education at Sinclair Community College, Dayton, Ohio. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Assistant Director of the Industrial Assessment Center at the University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio. He has served on the Ohio Board of Building Standards filling the position Renewable Energy, and he is currently a director on
laboratoryLaboratory for Renewable Energy ApplicationsThe laboratory requirements for renewable energy are relatively will defined. M. Al-Addous, C. B. Class [3] provide a list of solar thermal equipment to support a portion of arenewable energy laboratory. The North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners[4] lists implicitly in their PV Installer Task Analysis the required equipment andinstrumentation for a laboratory to support solar photovoltaic training. The North AmericanBoard of Certified Energy Practitioners [5] also provides a Solar Heating Entry LevelLearning Objectives which explicitly lists the required equipment and instrumentation forsolar thermal training. The equipment includes an active solar photovoltaic system, an activesolar
Results for Battery Bank Impedance Testing (Part b)Figure 7. Example Results for Battery Bank Impedance Testing (Part c)Figure 8. Example Results for Battery Bank Impedance Testing (Part d)Figure 9. Example Results for Battery Bank Impedance Testing (Part e)Figure 10. Example Results for Battery Bank Impedance Testing (Part f)Specific Gravity TestingThe device used to test the individual cell’s specific gravity is shown in Figure 11. This deviceis used with the BITE 3. A similar, albeit older, device is used with the Albércorp Cellcorder.The students remove the battery caps, place the tube into the electrolyte, and press the plunger.Electrolyte is drawn into the device when the plunger is released. The device measure thespecific gravity and
it differs from the first law of thermodynamics analysis, I initially startthe topic with the following example from everyday life. It should be noted that in this paper the italic text represents what the author presents in hislectures in the class. Imagine that there are two professors, Dr. X and Dr. Y, teaching the same course, e.g. AppliedThermodynamics (!). At the end of the semester, both classes end up with the average grade B inthe course. Which professor did a better job? If we just look at the final results and consider them as the parameter to evaluate theperformance of the professors, then both professors are doing equally good (or bad!) job. Thisapproach resembles the first law of thermodynamics analysis or the energy
gravitational energy storage, flywheels, and compressedgas. A topical outline is given below.TEC 259: Power Generation: Production, Conversion and Storage I. Basic Principles of Energy Conversion A. Work, Energy, Power B. Types of Energy Production, Storage, and Conversion C. Laws of Thermodynamics II. Thermal Energy Conversion A. Steam Cycles & Turbines B. Thermal Energy Transfer: Conduction, Convection and Radiation C. Heat Exchangers, Boilers & Condensers III. Electrical Energy Conversion A. Review of electrical fundamentals B. Induced Voltage and Faraday’s Law C. Alternators and Generators IV. Energy Storage A. Electro-chemical Batteries B. Pumped Hydro
and how it was to be erected on the roof. Severalsafety training sessions were also undertaken to assure that everyone understood the safe accessand egress from the roof of the building, to assure that everyone followed campus safety rules,and how to move and work on the roof. Only students who had been through the safety trainingwere permitted access to the roof and participate in the installation. Page 12.1563.6 System Wiring Diagram *Note: A) Negative DC inputs to other five Inverters B
later realized that it was impossible for the local Page 23.1064.3villagers to obtain grinders. A quick solution was proposed to use the mortar and pestle that arecommonly seen in the Africa. A bucket and a 2-inch PVC pipe with an end cap were used tosimulate the equipment (Figure 2 A & B). The peanut shells are reduced to the size of athumbnail. The size is selected by balancing the effort of crushing and the easiness of pressing.The student team also spent a long time to look for a suitable binder. The industrial binder wasclearly not an option. They tried cornstarch and rice starch since they were the local staplefood
, and two PV panels connected in parallel. To keep the center of gravity even, thePV panels are placed opposite from each other as shown in Figure 4a. Placing them side by sidewill not only make the charging station look less appealing, but it would also cause unbalanceload distribution on the overhang. The USB ports are installed opposite from each other, and thecharging station have two sets of USB ports. Each set has a total of four USB ports, giving thecharging station a total of eight USB ports. Figure 4. Octagonal design of first charging station, (a) 3D view of the overhang, and (b) blueprintsThe second charging station is designed as a rectangular rooftop with a commercially availablebench
. Both devicescan be plugged into a standard electric receptacle, and the appliance of interest is pluggedinto the measurement device. Both devices allow the instantaneous power use, as well asthe total energy used since the monitoring started to be measured. Both devices are smallenough to enable them to be moved to different appliances, and inexpensive enough toallow each group access to multiple devices. a) b) Page 11.355.9 Figure 1. a) Watts Up? and b) Kill-a-Watt MetersSurveys of the building occupants, and direct temperature, humidity and lightmeasurements are used to assess the
that detects the variableoccupancy level can save 15% every month (May through September) of the required coolingload and of the power consumed. This figure can significantly double to higher values whenconsidering higher occupancy density spaces such as theaters, class rooms, and large meetingrooms.The project revealed high impact on the level of understanding for students. Studentsperformance and project outcomes were assessed against ABET learning outcomes: (a) applyknowledge, techniques and skills to engineering technology activities, (b) apply knowledge ofmathematics, science, and engineering to engineering technology programs, (c) Conduct tests,measurements, calibration and improve processes, (e) Problem Solving: ability to identify
parameters. When designing a BMS,design considerations must be made for cell balancing. Cell balancing is the process ofequalizing charge across all cells within a battery bank, either through dissipation as heat orthrough the transfer of energy from high power cells to low power cells. To better understand themechanics of cell balancing, the design team reviewed the research of B. Yildirim et al. found inreference [3]. This article covers three methods of cell equalization in battery energy storagesystems (BESS). Cell balancing is an integral component to maintaining SOH. While cells of thesame voltage may be used in a system, “manufacturing and thermal variations, differences ininternal impedances, and self-discharging rates” will cause variation
Design.semester. Cost of a complete set of four student units is about $150 for materials. From picking upthe rough components at a lumberyard to finished, assembled product took the author about sixhours for a set of four student units. Photos of the student units are shown in Figure 6. Theinstructor unit is shown in Figure 7. Page 23.654.6 a. Three Way Switch Circuit b. GFCI Circuit b. Figure 6. Photographs of the Four Student Units.c. Panel with Receptacle and Security Light d. Switched Outlet Circuit Figure 6. Photographs of the Four Student Units
of the points for each exam focused on qualitative aspects and the other half on quantitative.The following percentages were used for student grading. !"#$% % % % &'(% #)*+%,-./)01$% % &'(% 23456547*8%,-)$)31*15.3% &'(% 9:*+$%;&?@)"-1%#&$%4')"3%3"/-"#-'1%3$4'+3,$A%-1,)+/-12%#&$%,&"3",#$3-B"#-'1%'0%4')"3%3"/-"#-'1A%#&$% 7.6 1.5."3-'+4%"12)$4A%/"#"%,'))$,#-'1%"1/%+4$=>?@)"-1%&'(%#&$%."3-'+4%#*@$4%'0%4')"3%#&$3;")%,'))$,#'34A%#&$-3%0$"#+3$4A%"1/%-/$1#-0*%#&$-3
: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1709093/citations#citations.[2] Sørensen, B. (2013). Fuel cells: Optimism gone – Hard work still there. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38(18), 7578–7582. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.028[3] T. Tronstad, H. Høgmoen Åstrand, G. Petra Haugom and L. Langfeldt, STUDY ON THE USE OF FUEL CELLS IN SHIPPING. EMSA European Maritime Safety Agency, 2019.[4] Fuel Cell Applications for Marine Vessels, 1st ed. Ballard, 2019.[5] R. O'Hayre, Fuel Cell Fundamentals. (Third ed.) Wiley, 2016.[6] E. L. V. Eriksson and E. M. Gray, "Optimization and integration of hybrid renewable energy hydrogen fuel cell energy systems – A critical review," Appl. Energy, vol. 202, pp. 348-364, 2017.[7] Ahmad Baroutaji
-A. The fluid from bothstacks is directed into the single channel of this manifold. This differs from the feedingmanifolds as it does not have a blank back.Students used two feeding manifolds, as seen in Figure 10-B, each consisting of three layers ofacrylic (similar to the collecting manifold). This first layer of the manifold (facing the fuel cell)is for feeding the cells the fuel and oxidant, it has sets of two holes that will connect directly tothe fuel cells with Teflon tubing. Then, behind this first layer will be the channels that willprovide the separated fuel and oxidant to the holes described in the first layer. The final layer(facing the case of the fuel cell) will simply be a solid piece of acrylic to enclose the channels inthe
. Daneshi, H. Khorashadi-Zadeh, "Microgrid energy management system: A study of reliability and economic issues", Power and Energy Society General Meeting 2012 IEEE, pp. 1-5, 2012, ISSN 1944-9925.[2] B. Kroposki, R. Lasseter, T. Ise, S. Morozumi, S. Papathanassiou, N. Hatziargyriou, "Making Microgrids Work," IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 40-53, 2008[3] I. Colak, "Introduction to smart grid," 2016 International Smart Grid Workshop and Certificate Program (ISGWCP), Istanbul, 2016, pp. 1-5.[4] G. Fabbri, C. M. Medaglia, D. Sbordone and B. Di Pietra, "A tool for the analysis of energy systems in Smart Cities," 2016 IEEE 25th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), Santa Clara, CA, 2016, pp
90 95 100 Project #3 Score Figure 8 Project Grade DistributionStudent FeedbackAt the end of the semester a survey was administered to the students. For each of the alternativeenergy technologies covered by the three technical projects the students were asked to evaluatetheir level of confidence using a 5-1 scale with 5 being best for the course learning objectives forthe technologies. For ocean energy these were: a. Students are able to understand the nature of the ocean as an energy source b. Students are able to understand and evaluate different types of ocean energy sources
actuators to track the sun so the solar face canhave optimal light exposure. The Arduino was used to code the relationship between thephotoresistors and the actuators. So the code focuses the actuators towards the resistor receivingthe highest voltage. See Figure 11. Fig. 11. PhotoresistorsV. Integration and test results A. Battery charging Had a battery with low voltage plugged in since we know that battery would be low on chargeand we can check that it charged by checking the voltage. Normally for a battery used you wouldneed a coulomb meter to see how many electrons were available to be used B. Voltmeter Easily we compared the readout of a known working voltmeter to our own. It varied
constraining theoutward bowing due to radial stress, this shifted the fundamental frequency upward.The 4-bladed turbine would not self-start. This was addressed by cutting a cardboard postalmailing tube along its axis, and using the two halves as a Savonius wind turbine. This was placedwell inboard of the lifting blades to avoid limiting the tip speed. This arrangement wasinsufficient to self-start the 4-bladed turbine, showing that the aerodynamic blades weregenerating substantial negative torque. This negative torque was traced to the second quadrant(starting with the reference along the downwind direction). To alleviate this issue, a guidevanewas found to be be the right solution. The resulting arrangement is shown in part (b) of Figure 1.The 4
America’s Promise. (2007). Washington, D.C.: Association of American Colleges and Universities4. Grasso, D. (2002). Engineering a Liberal Education. Prism, 12(2).5. Sharp, J. E. M. (2007). Live Green or Die - Can Engineering Schools "go green" Fast Enough to Save Our Planet? Prism, 16(8), 38-41.6. Baxter Magolda, M. B., & King, P. M. (2004). Learning partnerships : theory and models of practice to educate for self-authorship. Sterling, Va.: Stylus.7. Association of American Colleges and Universities. (2002). Greater expectations: A new vision of learning as a nation goes to college Washington, D.C.: AAC&U8. Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (2000). How people learn: brain, mind
to orient the solar panel to track the sun. Topics in this module include: a. Solar irradiance, spectral irradiance, solar irradiation b. Effects of atmosphere on solar radiation c. Relationship between solar time and local time d. Zenith angle, azimuth angle, and sun’s position e. How to orient solar panels to receive maximum solar energy available f. A trade off between performance and cost The module includes an activity where students are asked to write a program to track sun’s position for a given date, time, and location. An example is shown in figure 1 where the sun’s elevation angle throughout a day is shown for Grand Rapids, Mi on May 29th. Elevation Angles on May 29th in
S = 100MVAFigure 2b. Data for Simulation ExerciseThe high level problem, offered to a second group of EE students taking the same course, isshown in Figure 2. The same problem was given to all EET students (it should be noticed that all10 EET from Buffalo State and were assigned both programming and simulation projects, while13 EET students from UPJ were assigned simulation project). This is a segment of the publicelectric utility grid in Western New York. The students were asked to complete the following:a) Simulate the given power system using a high level program (PowerWorld® 3 wasdemonstrated for them)b) Make changes that should improve the systemc) Assess those changesd) Propose further improvements to the problem at hand.We assess
. Virtual reality providesimmersive and collaborative technique for students to take part into and work as a group on whatthey learnt in the course class.3. Modeling with SolidWorksSolidWorks is a computer aided design and engineering software used to create and simulate 3Dmodels. Students were instructed to design a small-scale wind turbine in SolidWorks consisting offive different parts: base, stem, turbine, axil and blade. Students decide on their respective modelsafter experimenting with different number and various shapes of turbine blades as shown in Figures2-4. Figure 2 shows wind turbine designed by students with 3 blades. Figure 3 shows wind turbinedesigned by students with 6 blades. Figure 3 (a) design is turbine with flat blades and (b
-effective conversion project would inspire other students andeducators to pursue development of similar projects not only for saving money but also to gainan educational experience that would make the live a little greener. Page 22.381.14References 1. Leitman, S. and Brant, B.; Build Your Own Electric Vehicle, McGraw Hill, 1993. 2. Johnson, C.; “Physics In an Automotive Engine,” http://mb-soft.com/public2/engine.html 3. Carr, B.; “Are Electric Cars the Answer to the Growing Environmental Problems?”, March 30th, 2007. http://www.dailyfueleconomytip.com/gas-saving-innovations/are-electric-cars-the- answer-to-the-growing
AC 2012-3758: SMALL-SCALE SMART GRID CONSTRUCTION ANDANALYSISMr. Nick J. Surface, University of Kansas Nick Surface is a British student studying in Kansas for a master;s degree in mechanical engineering. In 2007, he received his bachelor’s degree at City University London, followed by six months interning at BMW in Munich, Germany. His specific area of interest is automotive technology. The focus of his thesis is developing energy infrastructure for the purpose of charging electric vehicles and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.Mr. Bryan Anthony Strecker, University of Kansas Bryan Anthony Strecker has a B.S. in mechanical engineering, University of Kansas, and will have a M.S. in mechanical engineering
Creating a Viable Cogeneration Design for the Campus Wood FiredBoiler,” ASEE Annual Conference 2015, Energy Conversion and Conservation Division, Seattle, WA, June 2015.11 M. Alahmad, H. Hess, B. Johnson, “Project Based Approach to Introduce Building System Design in an ElectricalEngineering Curriculum,” ASEE Annual Conference 2007, Energy Conversion and Conservation Division,Honolulu, HI, June 2007.
transformer. A lumped resistance value represents 5,000watts of 240 V load operating at rated voltage. Table 2- Simulation Impedance Values Resistance (ohms) Inductance (οH) a-phase 0.1067 41 b-phase 0.1067 41 neutral 0.1500 41 ground 3.5000 1,000Figure 7 plots the results of a series of MATLAB Simulink simulations with an increasingnumber of CFL’s installed. Increasing the number of bulbs cause the voltage THD to increaseproportionally. High levels of voltage THD require large
]. Itis vital that any used or recycled modules be checked to assure these bypass diodes are fullyfunctional. It is possible to do a quick (but not always effective) check of PV diodes using acommon lab multi-meter with a standard diode check setting. This, however, may not beadequate because PV modules often operate at 30oC to 50oC above ambient temperatures. Warmdiodes may perform differently at elevated temperatures than at room temperature. Therefore,checking diodes at elevated temperatures during solar exposure is critical [16] [17]. This wasdone by simply affixing a series of cardboard strips over various individual cells on each moduleand conducting a standard IV sweep. Figure 2(B) shows the testing set-up for how these diodeswere
with the completion of each experiment. At thebeginning of each experiment, students were presented minimal verbal background informationto introduce a particular type of renewable energy source. Most of the projects were completedby at least two-to-three students. Each team was provided most of the information in a binderand expected to add more as additional components were added to projects. Following are theprojects: A. Development of a Renewable Energy Training Unit B. Environment Friendly Electric Boat C. Solar Thermal Space and Water Heating System D. Implementation of a Skylight to a Building E. Self-Powered Athletics Field Striping Machine F. Self Sufficient Energy Efficient House Design G. Hybrid Wind and